2021年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考英語(yǔ)試卷（乙卷）

第頁(yè),共頁(yè)第19頁(yè),共19頁(yè)第頁(yè),共頁(yè)2021年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考英語(yǔ)試卷（乙卷）第一部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1.TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorld

?PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.

?Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities(容量)slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.

?Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.

?Allthesestadiumsarestillfuntiona1,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.

?·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.

?·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.

?·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.

?·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.

?·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.(1)HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.

B.107,601.

C.About150,000.

D.About250,000.(2)Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.

B.BeaverStadium.

C.OhioStadium.

D.KyleField.(3)Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbiggames.

B.Theyhavebecometouristattractions.C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.

D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.2.

?Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline(座機(jī))?

?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

?Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)

relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(調(diào)查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

?MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

?GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.

?Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(1)Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.

B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.

D.Theircomplexdesign.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.

B.Argue. C.Remember.

D.Remark.(3)WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.

B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.

D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.(4)Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity. B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses. D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.3.

?You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

?Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

?Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來源)ofplasticpollutionbutthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

?Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.

?VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.(1)WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.(2)Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.(3)Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming.

B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing.

D.Challenging.(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures4.

?Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.

?Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

?Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.

?Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.(1)Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.(2)Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence.

B.50decibels

C.70decibels.

D.85decibels.(3)Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

D.Constantinterruptions.(4)Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanewsreporter. B.He’sanofficemanager.C.He’saprofessionaldesigner. D.He’sapublishedwriter.第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。5.

?AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.

?

?,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

?Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.

?,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.

?.

?Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚(yáng)).

?.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,?“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

?Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。6.

?Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa

?justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent

?ofgratitude(感謝).

?Mythoughtsweresoon

?.Wehadawomanpatientwhowas

?fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,while

?togetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwas

?discoveredtobeaheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,

?theemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though

?,andwasreadyfordischarge(出院)afterfourweeks.

?Shewas

?foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher

?atherrecovery.Asshewas

?shewaseagertosay

?toeachofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe

?onenurse,shetriedtopressafive-poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague

?toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust

?ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen

?:“Ohthisisn'tforthe

?Ihad.Itakethatasa

?.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”

?Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,

?livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan

?andshouldberewarded.(1)A.cleaner

B.chemist

C.nurse

D.doctor(2)A.grades

B.meanings

C.needs

D.expectations(3)A.brushedaside

B.puttothetest

C.broughtunderdiscussion

D.takenintoaccount(4)A.departing

B.escaping

C.retiring

D.recovering(5)A.attempting

B.choosing

C.pausing

D.promising(6)A.eventually

B.fortunately

C.casually

D.secretly(7)nullA.assessing

B.requiring

C.forming

D.proving(8)A.slightly

B.accidentally

C.slowly

D.happily(9)A.grateful

B.thoughtful

C.sorrowful

D.fearful(10)A.surprise

B.delight

C.curiosity

D.disappointment(11)A.operating

B.thinking

C.hesitating

D.leaving(12)A.sorry

B.hello

C.goodbye

D.yes(13)A.reached

B.consulted

C.introduced

D.persuaded(14)A.wished

B.pretended

C.failed

D.refused(15)A.enjoying

B.doing

C.securing

D.starting(16)A.repeated

B.recited

C.replied

D.reported(17)A.courage

B.patience

C.duty

D.care(18)A.goal

B.given

C.push

D.greeting(19)A.risking

B.changing

C.saving

D.building(20)A.honour

B.ability

C.opening

D.extra第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。7.

??Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影響)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

?(educate)aboutthe

areas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

?(develop)ofthelocalareas.

?Ecotourismhas

(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept

?thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.

?Dueto

?growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes

?tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:·Minimizetheimpactof

?(visit)theplace.

?·Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.

?·Provide

?(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

?·Makesurethatthetourismprovidesexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.?

?KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsunique

biodiversity.

(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim

?(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)第三部分寫作第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)8.

?假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

?增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

?刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

?修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

?注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

?2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

?Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedish

aftermeals.Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.Firstly,doinghouseworkwas

helpfulforustobearesponsibleperson.Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.What'smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.That'sourviewonhousework.Andhopesthiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic!第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)9.

?你校將舉辦英語(yǔ)演講比賽。請(qǐng)你以Besmartonlinelearners為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

?1.分析優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足；

?2.提出學(xué)習(xí)建議。

?注意：

?1.詞數(shù)100左右;

?2.題目和首句已為你寫好。

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參考答案1(1)【答案】D【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.”(然而，與這座城市容納了25萬(wàn)人的大競(jìng)技場(chǎng)相比，這只是小巫見大巫。)可知，CircusMaximus的可以容納250,000人。故選D項(xiàng)。(2)【答案】C【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后部分中的“OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.OpenedOctober7,1922.”(美國(guó)俄亥俄州哥倫布市俄亥俄體育場(chǎng)，容納人數(shù)：104,944人。1922年10月7日開業(yè)。)及其他四個(gè)著名競(jìng)技場(chǎng)的開放時(shí)間介紹可知，OhioStadium開放時(shí)間最早在1922年，屬于年代最久遠(yuǎn)的。故選C項(xiàng)。(3)【答案】A【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.”(所有這些體育場(chǎng)館仍在使用，仍在開放，仍在舉辦世界上最大的體育賽事。)可知，這些體育館都還在承辦大型的體育賽事。故選A項(xiàng)。2(1)【答案】B【解析】:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(現(xiàn)在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機(jī)的人。事實(shí)上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機(jī)。幾乎每個(gè)人都可以隨時(shí)隨地?fù)艽蚝徒勇犽娫?”可推知，本段主要說明手機(jī)在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項(xiàng)。(2)【答案】A【解析】:詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個(gè)調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認(rèn)”。故選A項(xiàng)。(3)【答案】C【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(嬰兒潮時(shí)代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號(hào)碼了)”以及文章第五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是說，老實(shí)說，唯一打過我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時(shí)代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項(xiàng)。(4)【答案】B【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機(jī)？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用類比的方式，使用煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經(jīng)被淘汰的例子，側(cè)面說明了固定電話總有一天會(huì)廢棄的。故選B項(xiàng)。3(1)【答案】C【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一個(gè)塑料杯真的有什么區(qū)別嗎？藝術(shù)家本杰明·馮·王（BenjaminVonWong）想讓你知道，它確實(shí)如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系。)”可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想讓人們重新審視與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，由此可知他做這個(gè)雕塑的目的是為了引起公眾對(duì)塑料垃圾的關(guān)注。故選C項(xiàng)。(2)【答案】A【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但它們最近卻受到了抨擊，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不需要吸管喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量輕，無法回收利用。馮·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能來自只喝了幾分鐘的飲料。一旦飲料消失了，吸管也要幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于體積小，重量輕，無法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段討論吸管是為了展示它們回收的困難。故選A項(xiàng)。(3)【答案】C【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一個(gè)作品中，馮·王(VonWong)想要說明一個(gè)具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字：每60秒，就有一卡車塑料進(jìn)入海洋。這項(xiàng)名為“一卡車塑料”的作品，馮·王和一組志愿者收集了一萬(wàn)多塊塑料，然后把它們綁在一起，讓它們看起來像是同時(shí)從卡車上傾倒下來的。)”可知，這個(gè)作品以創(chuàng)新的方式讓人們了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量?jī)A入海洋，刷新了觀眾對(duì)海洋塑料污染的認(rèn)知，由此可推斷，這個(gè)作品會(huì)讓觀眾對(duì)塑料垃圾進(jìn)入海洋這件事“耳目一新”。故選C項(xiàng)。(4)【答案】D【解析】:標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一個(gè)塑料杯真的有什么區(qū)別嗎？藝術(shù)家本杰明·馮·王(BenjaminVonWong)想讓你知道，它確實(shí)如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系。)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一個(gè)作品中，馮·王(VonWong)想要說明一個(gè)具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字：每60秒，就有一卡車塑料進(jìn)入海洋。這項(xiàng)名為“一卡車塑料”的作品，馮·王和一組志愿者收集了一萬(wàn)多塊塑料，然后把它們綁在一起，讓它們看起來像是同時(shí)從卡車上傾倒下來的。)”可知藝術(shù)家本杰明·馮·王(BenjaminVonWong)通過利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法來提示人們重新思考與一次性塑料的關(guān)系，喚醒和提高人們循環(huán)利用的意識(shí)，促進(jìn)環(huán)保的發(fā)展。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“海洋塑料變成雕塑”符合文章主旨，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。4(1)【答案】A【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—

soIcanfocus.（這就是為什么我在街對(duì)面的公用辦公空間有會(huì)員資格——這樣我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采訪者喜歡共享辦公空間的原因是那里可以幫助他集中精力。故選A項(xiàng)。(2)【答案】C【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.（大多數(shù)組之間的差異在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上是不顯著的；然而，音量為70分貝的那組參與者（置身于類似于咖啡店背景噪音的環(huán)境中）的表現(xiàn)明顯好于其他組。）”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence——mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.（但由于70分貝的結(jié)果很顯著，該研究還表明，適當(dāng)?shù)谋尘霸胍簟灰舐暎膊灰耆察o——實(shí)際上可能會(huì)提高一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力。）”可知，70分貝的那組參與者表現(xiàn)好于其他組，所以70分貝的噪音背景環(huán)境更有可能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C項(xiàng)。(3)【答案】D【解析】:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.（那么，為什么我們中有那么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D集中注意力時(shí)，我們無法阻止自己卷入別人的談話中。的確，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，面對(duì)面的互動(dòng)和對(duì)話會(huì)影響創(chuàng)作過程，然而，共同工作空間或咖啡館在提供一定程度的噪音的同時(shí)，也提供不受干擾的自由。）”可知，開放式辦公室不受人們歡迎的原因是讓我們不斷地卷入別人的談話中，受到很多干擾。故選D項(xiàng)。(4)【答案】D【解析】:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采訪我的一本書時(shí)，我的采訪者說了一些我至今還經(jīng)常想起的話。）”可知，作者提到有人采訪自己的書，所以可以推斷，作者是一位作家。故選D項(xiàng)。5(1)【答案】B【解析】:根據(jù)上文“it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty(在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難)”可知，下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.(所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險(xiǎn)，嘗試不同的食物，和陌生人交談)”可推知，本段主要說明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險(xiǎn)，勇于探索。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring(第一步是去探索)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。(2)【答案】C【解析】:根據(jù)下文“itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.(它可以帶入“我有這輛破舊的車”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車?！彼皇谴蜷_了對(duì)話)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提了一個(gè)不太好的問題，只是開始交流，但并不會(huì)給人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”(如果你問“你是怎么到這里來的？”這個(gè)問題)”能夠承接下文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。(3)【答案】F【解析】:根據(jù)下文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，此處指出了一個(gè)問題的解決辦法。由此推知，設(shè)空處提到了一個(gè)棘手的問題。F項(xiàng)“Whataboutthepersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking(喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不停的人怎么辦)”正是提出的問題，引出下文的解決辦法，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。(4)【答案】E【解析】:根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問題提供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay(或者把談話變成他們沒什么可說的話題)”是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。(5)【答案】G【解析】:根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人)”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.(這蛋糕特別好吃，你得告訴我它的一切)”對(duì)主人進(jìn)行了贊美。由此可知，宴會(huì)上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時(shí)，最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美主人來緩解尷尬。G項(xiàng)“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。6(1)【答案】C【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周前我在做護(hù)士的時(shí)候就在考慮這個(gè)問題。A.cleaner清潔工；B.chemist化學(xué)家，藥劑師；C.nurse護(hù)士；D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文的“asshewas

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toeachofusinthenursingteam.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)作者是一名護(hù)士。故選C。(2)【答案】A【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我們有一系列表達(dá)不同程度感激之情的詞語(yǔ)，那會(huì)容易得多。A.grades分?jǐn)?shù)，級(jí)別，程度；B.meanings意思；C.needs需求；D.expectations期待。根據(jù)上文的“simplysayingthankyoudoesn’tseemenoughincertainsituations”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果有表達(dá)不同程度感謝的詞，那么感謝就容易得多了。故選A。(3)【答案】B【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我的想法很快就進(jìn)行了測(cè)驗(yàn)。A.brushedaside撇開；B.puttothetest經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)，接受……的考驗(yàn)；C.broughtunderdiscussion在討論中；D.takenintoaccount考慮。結(jié)合下文講述女病人對(duì)護(hù)士們的所為，可知作者的想法立即接受了測(cè)驗(yàn)。故選B。(4)【答案】D【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們有一個(gè)病人膝蓋置換手術(shù)后正在康復(fù)。A.departing出發(fā)，離開；B.escaping逃跑；C.retiring退休；D.recovering恢復(fù)。結(jié)合下文提到手術(shù)和病人從床上摔下來可知，病人正在恢復(fù)中。故選D。(5)【答案】A【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天下午，當(dāng)她試圖上床睡覺時(shí)，她因心臟病而摔倒了。A.attempting試圖，嘗試；B.choosing選擇；C.pausing暫停；D.promising承諾。結(jié)合上文提到這是個(gè)膝蓋有傷的病人，可推知她嘗試著自己上床。故選A。(6)【答案】A【解析】:考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一天下午，當(dāng)她試圖上床睡覺時(shí)，她因心臟病而摔倒了。A.eventually最后；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.casually隨意地；D.secretly秘密地。結(jié)合上文病人是因?yàn)橄ドw置換手術(shù)而住院，由此可知，此處是指最終發(fā)現(xiàn)摔倒是因?yàn)樾呐K病。故選A。(7)【答案】B【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這次摔倒是災(zāi)難性的，需要緊急醫(yī)療隊(duì)和良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。A.assessing評(píng)估；B.requiring需要；C.forming形成；D.proving證明。根據(jù)“thecollapsewasdisastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要緊急醫(yī)療隊(duì)和良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。故選B。(8)【答案】C【解析】:考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然很慢，但她恢復(fù)了，四周后就可以出院了。A.slightly輕微地；B.accidently意外地；C.slowly緩慢地；D.happily幸福地。根據(jù)上文的“thecollapsewasdisastrous”可知，要從災(zāi)難性的病痛中恢復(fù)一定很慢。故選C。(9)【答案】A【解析】:考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她對(duì)醫(yī)療及護(hù)士團(tuán)隊(duì)為她所作的一切都非常感激。A.grateful感激的；B.thoughtful體貼的；C.sorrowful傷心的，悲傷的；D.fearful恐懼的。結(jié)合下文女病人離開前和大家一一道別，推知她對(duì)大家的付出表示感激。故選A。(10)【答案】B【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我們分享了她康復(fù)的喜悅。A.surprise驚喜；B.delight喜悅；C.curiosity好奇心；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文的“herrecovery”可知，此處是指分享她康復(fù)的喜悅。故選B。(11)【答案】D【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她要離開時(shí)，她急切地想和我們護(hù)理隊(duì)的每一個(gè)人說再見。A.operating手術(shù)；B.thinking思考；C.hesitating猶豫；D.leaving離開。根據(jù)上文的“onherdayofdischarge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此處是指當(dāng)她即將離開醫(yī)院時(shí)。故選D。(12)【答案】C【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她要離開時(shí)，她急切地想和我們護(hù)理隊(duì)的每一個(gè)人說再見。A.sorry抱歉；B.hello你好；C.goodbye再見；D.yes同意。根據(jù)上文的“onherdayofdischarge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她對(duì)護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)的人告別，saygoodbyetosb.“和某人告別”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。(13)【答案】A【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她走到一個(gè)護(hù)士身邊時(shí)，她試圖塞一張五英鎊的鈔票在她手里。A.reached到達(dá)；B.consulted咨詢；C.introduced介紹；D.persuaded說服。結(jié)合上文提到女病人出院時(shí)要和護(hù)士們一一道別可知，此處是指她走到一個(gè)護(hù)士的身邊，用“reach”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。(14)【答案】D【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的同事拒絕接受，說我們只是做了自己的工作而已。A.wished希望；B.pretended假裝；C.failed失?。籇.refused拒絕。結(jié)合常識(shí)和下文的“wewerealljust13ourjob”可知，作者的同事拒絕收下女士給的錢。故選D。(15)【答案】B【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的同事拒絕接受，說我們只是做了自己的工作而已。A.enjoying享受；B.doing做；C.securing獲得，保護(hù)；D.starting開始。根據(jù)上文提到作者的同事拒絕收下錢可推知，她認(rèn)為照顧病人只是做了自己應(yīng)該做的事情而已。故選B。(16)【答案】C【解析】:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)病人開起來很困惑，然后回復(fù)到：“噢，這不是因?yàn)槲医邮艿恼疹櫋Ｎ艺J(rèn)為它是應(yīng)該的。不，這是昨天給我做頭發(fā)的?！盇.repeated重復(fù)；B.recited背誦；C.replied回答，回應(yīng)；D.reported報(bào)道。結(jié)合上文作者同事說照顧女士是自己的工作，不應(yīng)該得到額外的禮物可知，此處是女病人對(duì)同事說的話的回應(yīng)。故選C。(17)【答案】D【解析】:考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)病人開起來很困惑，然后回復(fù)到：“噢，這不是因?yàn)槲医邮艿恼疹櫋Ｎ艺J(rèn)為它是應(yīng)該的。不，這是昨天給我做頭發(fā)的。”A.courage勇氣；B.patience耐心；C.