雅思小作文概述

第六節(jié)雅思小作文概述雅思考試分移民類(general)和學術(shù)類(academic),兩者都包含一篇小作文，一般用20分鐘。根據(jù)劍橋雅思考試中心提供的信息，雅思小作文和大作文的評分標準一致，主要有一下四個方面。應題(taskresponse)協(xié)調(diào)性和連貫性(Coherenceandcohesion)詞匯量(Lexicalresource)語法正確(Grammaticalaccuracy)一圖表作文分為四種圖：餅圖(piechart)、線圖(linechart)、柱圖(barchart)、表圖(table)圖表作文寫作流程審題：大致遵從下面的步驟理解題目 瀏覽圖表的文字信息 瀏覽圖表的數(shù)字信息 開始寫作小貼士：1同學們注意：圖表作文從讀題開始，爭取迅速了解圖所涉及的大致內(nèi)容。很多考生先看圖表，這是錯誤的習慣，不看題目先看圖表是浪費時間。題目中往往包含有效信息，比如圖表涉及的內(nèi)容和時

間。2讀完題目信息以后，開始讀圖。正確的步驟是先看

文字信息，再看數(shù)據(jù)。這樣會對數(shù)據(jù)有清晰的了解；

沒有文字信息的圖表是沒有意義的。3有時候不止是一個圖表，這是，需要首先判斷圖之間是否有聯(lián)系，如果有聯(lián)系，就一起描述，反之，則分開描述4在開始寫作是，面對一堆數(shù)據(jù)，考生往往覺得無從下手，不知道描述的先后順序。一般來說閱讀數(shù)據(jù)可以遵循下面的次序。餅圖柱圖線圖表格時間、最高原則（先看圖表是否有時間排列，再看最

高值）?如果出現(xiàn)一組時間，那么以最早的時間開始敘述；譬如，1979-1999年，從1979年開始敘述（一般來說，線圖和表格經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)時間。）?如果在同一年代里出現(xiàn)可以比較的數(shù)據(jù)，那么從最高值開始敘述，譬如，在1979年出現(xiàn)幾個國家的數(shù)值，那么從最高值開始描述；?如果圖表里沒有出現(xiàn)時間，那么就關(guān)注最高值，從最高值開始敘述（餅圖和柱狀圖一般不會出現(xiàn)時間的信息）

在隨后的描述中，不需要描述所有的數(shù)據(jù)；注意描述

最低的數(shù)值和有特點的數(shù)值；在線圖中，注意描述趨

勢，而不是單個數(shù)據(jù)；在其他三種圖表中，將近似的

數(shù)據(jù)分組，一起描述。在線圖中，敘述以最后出現(xiàn)的數(shù)值結(jié)束；在其他圖中，敘述以最低的數(shù)值結(jié)束。開始寫作一般來說，圖表小作文可以分為三個部分，分別是介紹段，主體部分和總結(jié)段；主體部分一般有兩段話。介紹段：介紹段主要注意改寫題目，不要照搬照抄。避免照抄題目的方法有四種1）改變題目中關(guān)鍵詞的詞性;2）改變題目中關(guān)鍵詞的位置；3）用同義次取代其中某一些詞；4）靈活地加入圖表中的其他文字信息（譬如說時間、性別、國家等）例如題目：thegraphsbelowshowtheenrolmentsofoverseasstudentsandlocalstudentsinBritain'suniversities.介紹段：thegraphsprovideinformationabouttheproportionsof改寫proportionsof改寫改寫overseasstudentsandlocalstudentsenrolledinBritain'suniversities改詞性和位置from1989to1999.加入新的信息大意：下面的圖提供關(guān)于1989到1999年海外學生和當?shù)貙W生在英國大學入學率的信息。主體部分：（2?3段）第一句話總結(jié)圖中比較顯著的趨勢或者特征，其余句子按照第四點中所規(guī)定的順序逐句敘述圖表內(nèi)容。主體部分每一個句子一般有三個組成部分，分別是文字信息、數(shù)字信息和比較。很多考生習慣在作文中把數(shù)字逐一讀出，這是不好的習慣。事實上，文字信息比數(shù)字信息更為重要：文字信息可以讓讀者清楚了解圖表的主要信息，而數(shù)據(jù)只是起輔助的作用。比較下面的句子例如：theaverageUSfamilyhad4.5peoplein1915,3.3in1967and2.6in2006.改后句子：averagefamilysizeintheUShasbeen

shrinking,from文字信息3.3peoplein1967to2.6peoplein2006,

數(shù)字信息comparedto4.5peoplein1915.比較圖表范文分析： 一圖表作文范文曲線圖：Thegraphbelowshowsthepercentageofpeopleunabletofindworkinthreemajorcountriesfrom1983to1992.1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992TKEBYOIRMHNbxkroworPIDanuelDoepfo跖UnitedKingdom1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992TKEBYOIRMHNbxkroworPIDanuelDoepfo跖CanadaJapan學習知識點：1”上升和下降”，“平穩(wěn)波動的說法”1)theprop0rti0n(percentage)ofpeoplewhowereunabletofindworkdecreasedfrom13%in1983to8%to1990.2）Thenumberofpeopleunabletofindworkshowedasignificantdecline,accountingfor8%in1990,comparedwith13%in19833）after7yearsofsteadydecline,thepercentageofpeopleunabletoworkstartedtorise.ThelinegraphshowsacomparisonofunemploymentratesinJapan,theUnitedKingdomandCanadabetween1989and1992.InJapan,thepercentageofunemploymentincreasedfrom2.3%to3%between1983and1986.Afterthat,thepercentagestarteddecreasingwithminorfluctuationandreturnedtotheoriginalvaluein1992.（第一組：具體談日本的變化趨勢，起末點，最高最低）In1983,thepercentageofunemployedpeoplewas12%inCanadaand13%intheUK.（起點）Thesevaluesdecreaseddramaticallyandataconstantrateoverthenextfewyears.（趨勢）andunemploymentreachedthelowestpercentageinCanadawithabout7.7%in

1988-1989,andintheUKwith7%in1989-1990.（最低點）（介詞短語的并列形式）Theunemploymentratesofthetwocountriesreachesthesamepointbetween1988and1989.Andthenthefigures（替換））startedincreasinginbothcountries.in1992,Canadareacheditsoriginalvalue.Meanwhile,UKreached10%,threepointsbelowtheoriginalpercentagein1983.（終點）Fromtheaboveanalysis,theunemploymentrateinJapanwasmorestablethanthoseofUKandCanada.（結(jié)論）柱狀圖：ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970,and1990.sreievartlarQLfo%□1950sreievartlarQLfo%□1950□1970口19900505050504332211Thebarchartrepresentsacontrastintermsofbus,car,bike,footinyearsof1950,1970and1990.From1950to1990,thepercentageofpeoplewhotravel（替換）bybikeandonfootdecreasedfrom27%to7%and33%to10%respectively.Similarly,thepercentageofpeopletakingbusdroppedafter1970butincreasedbeforethat.However,car’spercentageusesharplyboomed（增速迅速發(fā)展）yearafteryear.（第一組：柱自身比較）Travelingbybikeoronfootweremostpopularin1950.butpercentageofcaruserswasfarmoresmaller.Aftertwodecades,withthedecreaseofbikeusersandtravelersonfoot,busandcargainalotofpopularity.Busreacheditspeakat27%.in1970,overoneoutofthree（替換）peopledrivetoandfromwork.（替換第二組，柱間比較）Allinall,astheeconomyincreasesgradually,peopleprefertogotoworkandcomehomebydrivingratherthantakingbusorwalking.表格圖：Thetablebelowshowsinformationonincome,taxesandpricesinfivecitiesaroundtheworld.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.CityAveragehourlywageTaxas%ofwageMonthlyrentfor4-bedroomflatAthens￡418.9%￡700Geneva￡1326.6%￡1,300HongKong￡315%￡2,400London￡731.3%￡1,200Tokyo￡1219.3%￡5,300Thistablegraphdemonstratesacomparisonofwages,taxesandrentsinfiveimportantcities,Athens,Geneva,HongKong,LondonandTokyo.GenevaandTokyoofferthehighestaveragehourlywage,13and12poundsrespectively.Withinexpectation,thetaxaspercentageofwageisalsohigh.However,therentinTokyoismuchmorethanthatinGeneva.Onthecontrary,thelowestwagesareofferedbyHongKongandAthens,3and4poundsrespectively.Itisnotsurprisingthatthetaxesarecorrespondinglylowerthantherest.Thedifferencebetweenthetwocitiesistherent,withthelowest700poundsinAthensandmorehigher2400poundsinHongKong.（第二組：工資最高，相似和不同）Withtheaveragerentandwage,Londonhasthehighesttax（其他有特點但未提到的）Inconclusion,intermsoflivingcost,livinginLondonmightharderthantheothers.（合理推斷）餅狀圖：Thetwopiechartsbelowshowthetypesofcommunicationusedin1962and1982.

Thetwopiechartsdemonstrateacomparisonindifferentpatternsofcommunicationwhichwereusedin1962and1982.Aswhathasbeenshowninthetwocharts,thepercentageoflettersdrasticallydecreasedfrom50%in1962to10%in1982respectively.Thefiguresofphoneandcomputerusage,onthecontrary,increasedcorrespondinglyatahighrate.Thepercentageofcomputercommunicationin1982wasexactlytwicethatin1962.Similarly,thepopularityofphonein1982canalsobesuggestedbyitsrise-25%fromtheoriginalvalue,35%.Inconclusion,communicationdevices,aseconomyandtechnologyarebeingenhanced,havechangesgreatly.High-techwayswillgraduallytaketheplaceofprivateandtraditionalones.高分范文展示1.21世紀的利弊？discuss?Withourentranceto21stcentury,thererisesthecontroversyofwhetherourfuturewouldturntothebrightone.Manypeopleclaimthat21stcenturywouldbetakenintoapositivewaythroughscientificandtechnologicaladvancewhileagreatnumberofpessimistsarguethatourfutureisthreat123dbylotsofongoingdisasters.Asforme,Ipreferabalancedviewthattherewillbecrisisandopportunities.Ononehand,wehavereasonstobeoptimistic.Foronething,thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologywillmakeitpossibletoforallthepeopleintheworldtocommunicatewitheachothereasily.Taketheinternetasanexample.Asimpleclickonthemousecouldleadyoutoeveryplaceandpersonallovertheworld.Foranother,asthemedicaltreatmentdevelops,itcouldbeexpectedthattherewillbecureforsuchdeadlydiseasesascancerandAIDSandthathumanbeingswouldbeabletoenjoyalonglifeexpectancy.Moreover,withtheongoingmechanization,anincreasingamountofdangerousandheavy-laborworkwouldtendtobetakenbytherobot.Inthiscase,mancanworkinmoresafeandcomfortableconditions,aswellasenjoymoreleisuretime.Ontheotherhand,itcanbeforeseenthattheremaybecrisesinthefuture.First,peoplewillrunhighriskofpsychologicalproblemsfordealingwithcomputersinlong-termislikelytocausethelonelinessandinfantileautism.Consequentlytherateofsuicidewouldexperienceasharprise.Besides,thereispossibilitythattherobotwouldtakeovertheearth,enslavingourmankindwhoisoriginallyitscreator.Furthermore,itisnotimpossiblethataglobalnuclearwarwouldbreakout.Asaresult,noneofallcreaturesontheearthcanescapethisdisastersothatfromthenonthecivilhistorycomestoanend.Fromthediscussionabove,itcanbeconcludedthatwewouldconfrontbothopportunitiesandcrises.Theadvancedscienceandtechnologycouldobtainmeritanddrawback.SowhatIhopetoseeinthefutureisthatwecanenjoyhealthierandlongerlifeandthatmoreandmorescienceandtechnologywillbeemployedinthepeacefulway.2.Somepeopleclaimthattheincreasinglyfrequentbusinessandculturalcommunicationsarepositivewhereasothersholdadifferentopinion.Discuss.Althoughaslightmentionofthepastpastorallifearousesanostalgiaandreminiscentbeauty,whichisunexceptionallycharacterizedbyisolationandsomewhatdisconsolation,variousandfrequentcommunicationsinbusiness,education,scientificresearch,andeventhedailylifearefloodingtheexistentvalues,ideas,andideals.Inevitably,thissocialphenomenonprovokesastormofcommendationandcriticismaswell.Frequentcommunicationsinvariousfieldsamongculturesandpeopleundoubtedlybenefitindividuals'liAlmosteverycitizenbecomesthebeneficiaryofthecommunications.Peoplearoundtheworldtodayareabletoenjoyotherwiseunavailableproductsandservices.Forinstance,itisduetotheinternationalcommunicationinbusinessthatpeopleinChinacanenjoysuchhighqualityproductsasMercedesBenzfromGermany,TitoniwatchfromSwitzerland,andIBMcomputers.Allthesecasesdemonstrateonething:communicationscontributetohumanbeings.Notonlyarediversearrayofcommunicationsintheinternationalspectrumpositivetoindividuals,theyalsohavebeenexertingsignificantfavorableinfluencesonfamilylife.Itwasvirtuallyincredibletoimagineaninternationalfamilyfivedecadesago,buttodayonaccountoftherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationsandtransportations,religiousandracialdiscriminationshavealmostentirely“gonewiththewind”.Itisnolongeran“abnormal”thingthataChinesehusbandgetsmarriedwithaJapanesewife.Suchinternationalfamily,asscientificresearchwarrants,isawelcomedevelopmentintermsofbothbiologicalandpoliticalelements.Infact,theadvantagesofcommunicationsarealsoshapingandreflectingthegeneralhumancivilizationdevelopment.IfGod,asBiblesays,createddifferentlanguagesamongmen,thenmenallovertheworldtodayareabletoworktogether,praytogether,andstruggleforfreedomtogether.Thecommunicationsareactuallyaprocessofglobalization.Thisisthetrendofsustainabledevelopment.Withcommunications,peoplebecomebrothersandsistersratherthanenemies.Withcommunications,therewillbepeaceratherthanwar.Withcommunications,themundanemortalswilleventuallyretrievetheparadisethatourforefatherslostandgetrenascence.Admittedly,thecommunicationsmighthavesomenegativeinfluences.Buttheadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Therefore,thecommunicationsshouldbeadvocatedandencouragedwiththeutmostenthusiasmA,B類題型理由段解決方案：單邊支持類Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Humanssharetheplanetwiththewildanimaswhohavecontributedalottooursocietyandeconomy.Buttoday,theworldispoisedonthebrinkofthelargestwaveofextinctions.Sowehavetodosomethingtoprotectwildanimals.Firstly,famingtofeedthegrowinghumanpopulationisoneofthechiefcauseofextinction.Fromthismillionsofhectaresofforestsandnaturalvegetationhavebeenclearedforagriculturaluse.Secondly,excessmininghasdestroyedthehabitatofwildanimals.Thencamethethreatofillegallogging,poachingandsmuggling.Wildanimalsarenowfacingsevereproblems,butfortunatelymoreandmorepeoplebegintorealizethevalueofwildanimalstoourhuman-beingsenvironment.Asweknow,wildanimalstogetherwithwildplantsconsistofacomplexecosystem,whichissignificanttoournaturalenvironment,providingcleanwater,cleanairandvariousresources.Theyaresoconnectedandinteractedthatevenextinctionofseveralspecieswillleadtoadisastertothewholeecosystem.Furthermore,thevarietyofspeciesandgenesfoundingwildanimalsarecriticalresourcesthatcouldbeutilizedineachcountry'sdevelopment,especiallyinscienceandmedicaInhistory,manyideasoffamousinventionsoriginatedformanimalssuchasultrasonicfrobat.Moreover,therearestillsomanyundiscoveredfieldsofscience,maybewecangetuseofonekindofwildanimalsoneday.Beforethis,wehadbetterkeepthemprotected,particulartosomerarespecies.Someonesaidsafeguardofwildanimalsisawasteofresource,butIdonotagree.Itseemsthatwewouldspendsometime,wealthandmanpoweronthismeaninglessthing.Actuallywealsodothisforhumanbeingourselves.Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Withtherapidprogressofsociety,people’slivingstandardisdramaticallyimproved,withmoreconvenienceandresourcecomingtous.However,ourlivingenvironmentatthesametimeisgettingmorepolluted.Oneeffectofthisphenomenonisthatthereisnotenoughspaceforwildanimalstosurvive,andmanypeopleholdanopinionthatitwouldbeawasteofresourcetoprotectwildanimals.Nevertheless,Ithinkexactlytheoppositeway.Theenvironmentisacomprehensivelybiologicallifecycle,withhumanbeings,animalsandplantsplayingaffectingeachotheraccordingly.Wildanimalsoccupyanessentialpositioninthelifecycle.Let'slookataverysimpleexample.Althoughsnakesareverydangerousandfrightening,theycancatchmice,andmicecandestroythecropaswellassanitarysurroundings.Hereitiseasytounderstandthatiftherearenotenoughsnakes,thenumberofmicewouldgrowrapidly,doingmoreharmtous.Then,shouldnotweprotectthesnake?Actually,wearesavingresourcebydoingthisbecausetryingtosavesomethingthatisalreadydestroyedseriouslycostsmore.Secondly,inpresent,quiteanumberofproblemssuchasdesertificationandriversdriedup,causedbyexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresource,havearisenanincreasingnumberofpeopleawareofenvironmentprotection.Moreandmoreplaces,Ithink,shouldbeplannedforwildanimalsin21stcontrary.Thus,itisobviouslynoticedthatmoretreesareplantedandmorewildlifeconservationareasareplanned,ensuringthatwildanimalswillbeunderprotection.Aswecanseefromtheimprovement,inthe21stcontrary,wildanimalswouldbeleadingahappylife.Tosumup,wecannotlivewithoutwildanimalsduetotheirprofoundeffectsonus.Forthisreason,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthem.Let’srememberonething—protectingwildanimalsisequivalenttoprotectingourselves.Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcontrary,andtheprotectionfOrthemisawasteofresource.Towhatextent,doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Biologicaldiversityhasneverbeenasthreatenedasitistodayasaresultoftheprocessofhumancivilization.Thevariousformsofpressurecreatedbyhumanactivityhavedestroyednaturalbalance,ledtothedeteriorationofnaturalhabitats,geneticerosionandtherarity,evendisappearance,ofanumberofplantandanimalspecies.Asthepaceofcivilizationaccelerates,morepeople,takingmorespace,needingtousemorenaturalresources,engaginginever-growingconsumption,imposeseverdeteriorationonthehabitatofanimals.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatthedisappearanceofanimalswillresultinseriousthreattotheequilibriumofecosystem.Simplyput,theextinctionofhawks,rat-eatingbirdseeninmanyregions,willresultintherapidpropagationofrats.Andrats,further,willdestroytheprairiesandthreatentheotheranimalslikegazelles,zebras,andothers,wholiveongrassandgreenlands.Thecoexistenceofanimalsandhumanbeingscreatesperfectharmonyandbringsaboutvividnesstoourplanet.Itishardtoimaginewhatourworldwouldbelikewithoutanimals.Sociologistsalsopointourthatthedisappearanceofanimalscancausesocialandeconomicproblems.Animalstrade,asasupportingsectortotheworldeconomy,wasveryactivebefore.However,thesituationisbeyondcontrolsinceanimalstradeisveryprofitableandalluring.Manyspeciescannotescapetheadversityofbeingkilled.Certainly,ourdietcannotbewithoutmeat.Therearelivingstocks,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientandnutritiousproduce.Therefore,weneednottoresorttowildanimals,especiallytheendangeredones.Toprotectanimalsistoprotectourlivingenvironment.Everyindividualshouldjoineffortstokeepthediversityofanimals.措施類解決方案:Thegapoflivingincitiesandthecountrysideislargerandlarger.Whatarethereasonsinyourcountryandhowtoreducethedifferences?Asthestepofeconomicdevelopmentaccelerates,thegapbetweenthecityandthecountrysidebecomesmoreandmoreovert,whicharousescolossalconcerns.Takeafurtherlookatthephenomenon,therearethreemajorcauses.Firstly,theinsufficiencyofinvestmentintheruralareasaccountsmainlyfortheissue.China,forexample,coversaverylargearea.Duetotheemphasisonthedevelopmentinthecoastalareas,thegovernmentdevotesmoreinvestmentinthelargecities,suchasshanghai,BeijingandGuangzhou.Theinvestment,undoubtedly,isrepaidbythethreefoldincreaseofeconomyandcommerceinthesecities.However,thisisnotthecaseintheruralareaandthewesternregions.Thelackofinvestmentbarrierstheproductivityandeconomicdevelopmentandsharpensthegapbetweenthecityandthecountryside.Secondly,theloweducationlevelintheruralareascontributespartlytothegapofliving.Educationistheprimeforceofproductivity.Keepingthisinmind,manycountriesandgovernmentsgiveprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation.China'seducationwitnessedarapidgrowthinthepastdecade.However,theeducationlevelinthecountrysidestillkeepsverylow.Theenrollmentofprimaryschoolsandsecondaryschoolsismuchlowercomparedwiththeadvancedregions,nottomentionthedevelopedcountriesintheworld.Withoutgoodeducation,thedevelopmentofeconomyandtechnologywouldbedreamdifficulttoberealized.Finally,theinfluxofmigrantworkerstothecitiesformthecountrysidedeterioratestheundevelopedconditionsintheruralareas.Thelifestyleintheurbanareasisveryattractivetothepeopleinthecountryside.Toseekmoreworkingopportunities,manypeopleabandonthefertilelandsandleavethemuncultivated.Ifthesituationcontinues,itwillleadtoseriousunbalanceofeconomicandregionaldevelopment.Tosumup,onlywhenthegovernmentrendersmoreconcernsovertheissuecanthegapbetweenthecitiesandthecountrysidebebridged.Thegapoflivingincitiesandthecountrysideislargerandlarger.Whatarethereasonsinyourcountryandhowtoreducethedifferences?Whenyoulookbacktothelastcontrary,amazinglyyouwillfindthatnotonlyhadallworld’slargestpopulatedcitiesexperienceddifferentpopulationgrowthrates,butalsothedifferencebetweenthecityandthecountrysidehadgrownaccordingly.Tworeasonsofminecanexaminethetendencyasfollowing.Theglamorouscitylifeallureslotsofhumanresourcestomovetothecity,takingmajorcontributionto