2022-2023年江蘇省無(wú)錫市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)

2022-2023年江蘇省無(wú)錫市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Laughterwasdistributedasacharacteristiccommontomankindbecauseofits______.

2.

DuringtheCaliforniaGoldRush,restaurantandlaundrywereregardedas______.

A.unprofitablework

B.comfortablework

C.woman'swork

D.Chinesework

3.

Inthe1700sSavannahbecameabusyportcityforexportingfarmproductsandacitywithlotofbanks.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

TheaveragesurfacetemperatureofEarthkeepsaround15℃.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

6.

Elephantsmournforthedeadby______.

7.

Whentherearenoefficientdoctorsinlargepopulationcenters,epidemicsstart.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Incolleges,student-athletesarecalledsosincethecollegesintendstodemonstratethatthey______betweentheintellectualpursuitandphysicalpursuit.

9.

Wewillhaveanotherpopulationproblemwhenpeopleget______.

10.Wal-Mart

Wal-Martismorethanjusttheworld'slargestretailer.Itisaneconomicforce,aculturalphenomenonandalightningrodforcontroversy.ItallstartedwithasimplephilosophyfromfounderSamWalton:Offershopperslowerpricesthantheygetanywhereelse.ThatbasicstrategyhasshapedWal-Mart'scultureanddriventhecompany'sgrowth.

NowthatWal-Martissohuge,ithasunprecedentedpowertoshapelabormarketsgloballyandchangethewayentireindustriesoperate.

HistoryofWal-Mart

SamWaltonopenedhisfirstfive-and-dimein1950.Hisvisionwastokeeppricesaslowaspossible.Evenifhismarginsweren'tasfatascompetitors,hefiguredhecouldmakeupforthatinvolume.Hewasright.

Intheearly1960s,WaltonopenedhisfirstWal-MartinRogers,Arkansas.Thecompanycontinuedtogrow,goingpublicin1970andaddingmorestoreseveryyear.In1990,Wal-MartsurpassedkeyrivalKmartinsize.Twoyearslater,itsurpassedSears.

Waltoncontinuedtodriveanoldpickuptruckandsharebudget-hotelroomswithcolleaguesonbusinesstrips,evenafterWal-Martmadehimveryrich.Hedemandedthathisemployeesalsokeepexpensestoabareminimum—amentalitythatisstillaltheheartofWal-MartculturemorethanadecadeafterWalton'sdeath.Thecompanyhascontinuedtogrowrapidlyafterhisdeathin1992andnowoperatesfourretaildivisions—Wal-MartSupercenters,Wal-Martdiscountstores,NeighborhoodMarketstoresandSam'sClubwarehouses.

Wal-MartStrategy

Let'sstartwithtechnology.Wal-Martpushedtheretailindustrytoestablishtheuniversalbarcode,whichforcedmanufacturerstoadoptcommonlabeling.Thebarallowedretailerstogenerateallkindsofinformation—creatingasubtleshiftofpowerfrommanufacturerstoretailers.Wal-Martbecameespeciallygoodatexploitingtheinformationbehindthebarcode.Andthusitisconsideredapioneerindevelopingsophisticatedtechnologytotrackitsstockandcutthefatoutofitssupplychain.

Recently,Wal-Martbecamethefirstmajorretailertodemandmanufacturersuseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology(RFID).Thetechnology,usesradiofrequenciestotransmitdatastoredonsmalltagsattachedtopallets(貨盤)orindividualproducts.RFIDtagsholdsignificantlymoredatathanbarcodes.

Thefrugalculture,establishedbyWalton.alsoplaysintoWal-Mart'ssuccess.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfortherelativelypoorwagesandhealthcareplansthatitotterstorank-andfileemployees.Ithasalsobeenaccusedofdemandingthathourlyworkersputinovertimewithoutpay.Storemanagersoftenworkmorethan70hoursperweek.

Thiscultureisalsopresentatthecompany'sheadquarters.Wal-MartisheadquarteredinBentonville,Arkansas,insteadofanexpensivecitylikeNewYork.Thebuildingisunattractiveanddull.Youwon'tcatchexecutivesinqualitycarsandyouwon'tseethemdraggingintoworkat9:30a.m.Executivesflycoachandoftensharehotelroomswithcolleagues.Theyworklonghours,typicallyarrivingatworkbefore6:30a.m.andworkinghalfdaysonSaturdays.

ThecentralgoalofWal-Martistokeepretailpriceslow—andthecompanyhasbeenverysuccessfulatthis.ExpertsestimatethatWal-Martsavesshoppersatleast15percentonatypicalcartofgroceries.Everything—includingthetechnologyandcorporateculture—feedsintothatultimategoalofdeliveringthelowestpricespossible.Wal-Martalsopushesitssuppliers,somesaycruelly,tocutprices.InTheWal-MartEffect,authorCharlesFishmandiscusseshowthepriceofafour-packofGElightbulbsdecreasedfrom$2.19to88centsduringafive-yearperiod.

ThePower

BecauseofWal-Mart'smassivesize,ithasincrediblepower.Ithasdrivensmallerretaile

A.productsatlowerprice

B.anykindofgoodsthecustomersmaywant

C.amorecomfortableshoppingenvironment

D.free-of-chargepackaging

11.

Sometypesofdepressionareinheritedform.generationtogenerationin______.

12.

Itisdifficultforbankstoprovidefundsforbusinessexpansionsastheyhavetogothroughacomplicatedevaluationprocess.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.MoreandmoreJapaneseshopkeepersencourageusingelectroniccashby______.

14.

Somebusinessmenhavefoundit______byputtingusersintovideo-game-likevirtualworlds.

15.

Informationtechnologywillbecomemoreandmoreimportantforhospitalsto______.

16.

AftertheresignationofIndonesianPresidentin1998,IndonesianChineseresidentssenttheirchildrentoschooloffering______inthebeliefthat"ChinesechildrenshouldlearnChinese".

17.

RaymondKurzweilthinksthatultrasmartmachinesare______.

A.unimaginable

B.life-threatening

C.advantageous

D.unacceptable

18.

WhenGarrettisachemistryprofessor,Raetzjudgeshercontributionson______.

A.herlargenumberoflaboratoryhours

B.herwillingnesstocontribute

C.thequalityandproductivityofherwork

D.herregularworkschedule

19.

Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafterourselves?

A.Throwlessaway.

B.Designrecycledproducts.

C.Don'tuseitagain.

D.Lastlonger.

20.EarthquakePreparedness

Oneofthemostfrighteninganddestructivephenomenaofnatureisasevereearthquakeanditsterribleaftereffects.

Earthquakesstrikesuddenly,violently,andwithoutwarningatanytimeofthedayornight.Ifanearthquakeoccursinapopulatedarea,itmaycausemanydeathsandinjuriesandextensivepropertydamage.Identifyingpotentialhazardsaheadoftimeandadvanceplanningcanreducethedangersofseriousinjuryorlossoflifefromanearthquake.

WhattoDoBeforeanEarthquake

CheckforHazardsintheHome

?Fastenshelvessecurelytowalls.

?Placelargeorheavyobjectsonlowershelves.

?Storebreakableitemssuchasbottledfoods,glass,andchinainlow,closedcabinetswithlatches.

?Hangheavyitemssuchaspicturesandmirrorsawayfrombeds,couches,andanywherepeoplesit.

?Braceoverheadlightfixtures.

?Repairdefectiveelectricalwiringandleakygasconnections.Thesearepotentialfirerisks.

?Secureawaterheaterbystrappingittothewallstuds(螺栓)andboltingittothefloor.

?Repairanydeepcracksinceilingsorfoundations.Getexpertadviceiftherearesignsofstructuraldefects.

?Storeweedkillers,pesticides,andflammableproductssecurelyinclosedcabinetswithlatchesandonbottomshelves.

IdentifySafePlacesIndoorsandOutdoors

?Understurdyfurnituresuchasaheavydeskortable.

?Againstaninsidewall.

?Awayfromwhereglasscouldshatteraroundwindows,mirrors,pictures,orwhereheavybookcasesorotherheavyfurniturecouldfallover.

?Intheopen,awayfrombuildings,trees,telephoneandelectricallines,overpasses,orelevatedexpressways.

EducateYourselfandFamilyMembers

?ContactyourlocalemergencymanagementofficeorAmericanRedCrosschapterformoreinformationonearthquakes.Alsoreadthe"How-toSeries"forinformationonhowtoprotectyourpropertyfromearthquakes.

?Teachchildrenhowandwhentocall911,police,orfiredepartmentandwhichradiostationtotunetoforemergencyinformation.

?Teachallfamilymembershowandwhentoturnoffgas,electricity,andwater.

HaveDisasterSuppliesonHand

?Flashlightandextrabatteries.

?Portablebattery-operatedradioandextrabatteries.

?Firstaidkitandmanual.

?Emergencyfoodandwater.

?Nonelectriccanopener.

?Essentialmedicines.

?Cashandcreditcards.

?Sturdyshoes.

DevelopanEmergencyCommunicationPlan

?Incasefamilymembersareseparatedfromoneanotherduringanearthquake(arealpossibilityduringthedaywhenadultsareatworkandchildrenareatschool),developaplanforreunitingafterthedisaster.

?Askanout-of-staterelativeorfriendtoserveasthe"familycontact".Afteradisaster,it'softeneasiertocalllongdistance.Makesureeveryoneinthefamilyknowsthename,address,andphonenumberofthecontactperson.

HelpYourCommunityGetReady

?Publishaspecialsectioninyourlocalnewspaperwithemergencyinformationonearthquakes.Localizetheinformationbyprimingthephonenumbersoflocalemergencyservicesoffices,theAmericanRedCross,andhospitals.

?Conductaweek-longseriesonlocatinghazardsinthehome.

?WorkwithlocalemergencyservicesandAmericanRedCrossofficialstopreparespecialreportsforpeoplewithmobilityimpairmentsonwhattododuring

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B2】

22.聽力原文：W：Yourdogcertainlyseemstoknowyouarehismaster．Didyouhavetopunishhimveryoftenwhenyoutrainhim?

M：Ifoundit'smuchbettertopraisehimwhenheobeysandnottobesofussywhenhemakesmistakes．

Q：Whatdoesthemansayabouttrainingdogs?

(19)

A.Hehaslearnedalotfromhisownmistakes.

B.Heisquiteexperiencedintrainingwilddogs.

C.Hefindsrewardmoreeffectivethanpunishment.

D.Hethinksitvitaltomasterbasictrainingskills.

23.(35)

A.Hisgeneroussuggestionsandhelp.

B.HisimprisonmentinWorldWarI.

C.Theresponsibilityofhelpingothers.

D.HisimpactonWesterncivilization.

24.(36)

A.Physics.

B.Mathematics.

C.Environmentalscience.

D.Lifescience.

25.聽力原文：W:Dr.Weinstein,shouldparentslettheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

M:Ifparentsaregoingtolettheirkidsreadorwatchtelevisioncoverageofthewar,it'simportantforthemtoreadalongandhelptheirkidsinterpretwhatthey'rereadingorseeing.

Q:WhatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildrenWatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

(15)

A.Toencouragethem.

B.Tostopthemimmediately

C.Togivesomeexplanation.

D.Toleavethemalone.

26.(42)

27.(25)

A.Boating.B.Sailing.C.Hiking.D.Horsing.

28.(17)

A.Sheshouldbuythebluesuit.

B.Sheshouldn'tbuythebluesuit.

C.Sheshouldbecarefulabouthermoney.

D.Sheshouldfindajobtomakemoremoney.

29.(21)

A.Sheisgoingtofightagainsttheproblem.

B.Shefeelstheschoolisjustified.

C.Sheisproudtobeastudent.

D.Sheisresignedtowhat'shappening.

30.聽力原文：W:Doyouwantanothercupoftea?There'splentyinthepot.MycousinboughtmetheteainChinaanditissogood!

M:Thanks.Iloveto,butIthinkI'dbeoverdoingitifIhadonemore.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hewantstohaveanothercupoftea.

B.Hehashadenoughteaforthemoment.

C.Hewantsthewomantobuytheteaforhim.

D.HewillbuysometeafromChinabyhimself.

31.(29)

A.Byraisingpitch.

B.Bypausing.

C.Byloweringregisters.

D.Byusinggestures.

32.

【B3】

33.(32)

A.Whentheglassesare25%full.

B.Whentheglassesareempty.

C.Beforeyoumakeatoast.

D.Whenpotpiearedrinkinguptheliquid.

34.聽力原文：W:Youlookquitedifferenttoday,butIcan'tputmyfingeronwhatitis.

M:Ifinallygotaroundtotryingthatnewhairsalonoutsidethecampus.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?

(17)

A.Heworksinahairsalon.

B.Hedecidedtogrowhishairlonger.

C.Heplanstogethishaircut.

D.Hehasanewhairstyle.

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Shesuggeststhemanspendanothersixmonthsontheproject.

B.Shesuggeststhemanrejecttheprojectbecauseitisrisky.

C.Shesuggeststhemandesignanotherprojecttowinoverhisboss.

D.Shesuggeststhemandosomechangestohisproject.

36.聽力原文：W:Mychemistryprojectisintrouble.MypartnerandIhavetotallydifferentideasabouthowtoproceed.

M:Youshouldtrytomeeteachotherhalfway.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggest?

(16)

A.Themanshouldworkwithsomebodyelse.

B.Themanshouldmeethispartner'sneeds.

C.Theyshouldcometoacompromise.

D.Theyshouldfindabetterlabfortheproject's.

37.聽力原文：M：Youknow，I'vebeenstudyingregularly，butI'mstillnotdoingwellinmyhistoryclass．

W：Maybeinsteadofstudyinginyourroom,youshouldseatyourselfinaplacethathasfewerdistractions.

Q：Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

(18)

A.Findaquietplacetostudy.

B.Changetheconditionsofhisroom.

C.Findamorecomfortableplacetostudy.

D.Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginhisroom.

38.(47)

39.(24)

A.Amagnificentviewofthesea.

B.Acarpark,withmotorvehiclesarrivinganddeparting.

C.Acommercialcentre.

D.Abusystreet.

40.(28)

A.Byusingtheirbodytopavethewayforothers.

B.Bycoveringholesinsidetheirnest.

C.Bydeterminingwhichoneisthebestfit.

D.Bysteppingonremainder'sback.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellstoriesaboutwomeninSovietUnion

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

42.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacriterionfordeterminingaperson'splaceinatraditionalsociety?

A.Familybackground.B.Age.C.Religiousbelief.D.Custom.

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ifyourhealthisinquestion,yougotothedoctor.Whentheentireplanet'swell-beingisatissue,it'stheWorldHealthOrganizationyouconsult.Thegroup'srecentlyreleasedWorldHealthReportfocusesonthefuture—andtheprognosisisexcellent.IfWHOexpertsareright,the21stcenturywillbepeopledbyhealthyseniorcitizens,notonlyinthemoredevelopednationsoftheWestbutthroughouttheworld.

Thatrosyforecastcomesfromgainsmadeduringthepasthalfcentury.Infant-and-child-mortalityrateshavedroppeddramatically,majorinfectiousdiseasesuchasyellowfeverandplagueareundercontrolandaveragelifeexpectancyworldwidehasshotupfrom48in1955to66today.Comingdecadeswillbringmoreofthesame,theWHOpredicts.Averagelifeexpectancyisexpectedtohit73yearsby2025--andthat'sonlyanaverage.Thousandsofbabiesbornattheendofthe20thcenturywillstickaroundtosecthedawnofthe22nd,predictsMuthu,directoroftheOfficeofWorldHealthReporting.

Ofcourse,thereareafewredflagsontheworld'shealthchart,amongthemasignificantgapinlifeexpectancybetweentherichestandthepoorestcountries.In1996,forexample,76percentofthedeathsreportedtoWHOfromAfricawereofpeopleunder50.InEurope,only15percentofthosewhodiedwerethatyoung.By2025,WHOpredicts,57percentoftheAfricandeathswillbeunder50,versus7percentinEurope—amarkedimprovementbutstillagap.Thentherearethecostsofprogress.Morepeoplearoundtheworldhaveaccesstosafewaterandsanitationthaneverbefore,andmostchildrenarenowimmunizedagainstmajorchildhooddiseases.Buteconomicstridescanbringwiththemheartdisease,strokesandcancer,theso-calleddiseasesofaffluencethataccompanytheadoptionofhigh-fat,low-exercise"Westernlifestyles".

Infectiousandparasiticdiseasesstillaccountedfor173milliondeathslastyear,butcirculatorydiseasesandcancermadesteadygains,accountingfor15.3and6.2milliondeaths,respectively.Thattrend,unfortunately,islikelytocontinue.

ButthelargestshadowoverworldhealthisthegrowingHIV/AIDSepidemic.Unlessaneffectivevaccineortreatmentisdeveloped--or,unlikelierstill,theentireglobalpopulationstartspracticingsafesex--AIDScouldwipeoutpastgainsandthreatenfuturemortalityprojections.Lastyearabout1.8millionadultsdiedofthedisease,atollthatislikelytorise—butrightnowchildrenarethemajorvictimsinfected,saysDr.PaulKleihues,directoroftheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerandoneofthereport'sauthors.

Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionoftheWorldHealthOrganizationistakingcareof______.

44.Accordingtotheessay,whatrolehasEnglishplayedduringtheprocessofglobalization?

A.Ithascreatedneweducationopportunities.

B.Ithasspeduptheprocessofglobalization.

C.Ithasopenedthedoorsfornewopportunitiesandincreasedthenumberofyoungwomenintheworkingworld.

D.Ithasincreasedthenumberofskilledwomen.

45.

【C5】

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofinvestigatingaboutfivehundredcritically-iiipatients?

47.

Accordingtothestudyteam,______isapracticethatcanencouragetransmissionofthebirdflu.

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeasuringthecomputer'sprogressintheabilitytolearnfromexperience.

Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlysuitedtothecomputer.Allaprogrammerhastodoistogivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverypossibleresponsetoeverypossiblemove,andthecomputerwillwineverytime.Intheorythisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.Today,apowerfulcomputercananalyze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchess--literallytrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheoryitcouldbe,givenenoughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.

Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.Itmustbeabletolearnfromexperience,tomodifyitsownprogram,todealwitharelativelyunstructuredsituation—inaword,to"think"foritself.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-playingcomputershaveyettodefeatworldchampionchessplayers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplayersofonlyslightlylowerranks.Thecomputershavehadprogramstocarrythemthroughtheearly,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.Buttheyhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.

Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthisexampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.Buttherearemanyserioushumanproblems,whichcanbefruitfullyapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaywargamesandworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblems--internationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologyandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfaminecanperhapsbesolvedbythejointeffortsofhumanbeingsandtrulyintelligentcomputers.

Accordingtothepassage,computerscannotbeusedto______.

A.solvethethreatofworldfamine

B.easeinternationaltension

C.defeatworldchampionchessplayer

D.workoutsolutionstotheindustrialproblems

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

AsPresidentObamaandhiscriticspreparefortheclimacticbattleoverhealthcare,theyfaceaseemingparadox:MillionsofAmericanssaythesystemtheydependonforeverythingfromroutineflushotstolife-savingheartsurgeryisbrokenandneedsfixing.YetmostAmericansalsosaythey'reprettysatisfiedwiththeirhealthcare.Theexplanationfortheapparentcontradiction-andabigreasonhealthcarehasturnedintosuchanincendiaryfight—isthatit'snotonecrisis,it'sabundleofcrises.And,sincemostpeoplearefairlyhealthymostofthetime,problemscangolargelyunnoticeduntilcalamitystrikes.

Medicalcostsarespiralingupmuchfasterthaninflationorpersonalincome,forinstance,buttheimpactiscushionedforamajorityofAmericansbecausetheystillhavejob-relatedinsurance.Whileemployersareshiftingmoreandmoreofthepremiums'costontoworkers,theincreasesaregradualandlumpedinwithotherpayrolldeductions.Formany,it'sonlyafteramedicalproblemoccursthattheydiscoverthecoveragegapsandotherlimitationsintheirinsurancecanturnsicknessintofinancialcalamity.Thereareproblemswithqualityaswell.Americansliketothinktheyhavethebesthealthcareintheworld,andatitsbest,Americanmedicinemaystillbeaworldleader.Butoverall,theevidencesuggeststhatalmosteveryotherdevelopednationdeliversbetterhealthcareatsubstantiallylesscost.ItisagainstthisbackgroundthatOhamaaddressesCongresstonightonhealthcareoverhaul.

Costsareexpectedtorise71%inthenextdecade,accordingtotheCentersforMedicare&MedicaidServices.Insurancepremiumsarerisingwiththem.Evenwithhigherpremiums,largecompaniesarenarrowingthescopeofwhat'scovered.And,amongsmallercompaniesinsomestates,onemajorcancercasecanpushpremiumssohighthattheemployerisforcedtodrophealthbenefitsaltogether.What'sdrivingupcosts?Partlyit'stheabundanceofnewtechnologies,whicharebotheffectiveandexpensive.Inefficiencies"defensivemedicine"designedtoprotectagainstlawsuits,failuretousebestpractices,andariseinfor-profithealthcareentities—alsocontribute.Someexperts,suchasHarvardUniversityeconomistDavidCutler,arguethatmodernizingthehealthcaresystemcouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsannually.Evena1%dropincostswouldmakeitpossibletocovertheuninsured,hecalculates.

Costsforemployer-basedinsurancepremiumshaverisen119%overthelastdecade,morethanthreetimesfasterthanwageincreases.Atthatpace,theaveragefamilypremiumcouldreach$23,842by2020,accordingtoastudybytheCommonwealthFund,anonpartisanhealthcarepolicythinktank.Risingcostshavedrainedresourcesemployersmightotherwisehavedevotedtowageincreases;somecompanieshavecutbenefitsandshiftedpremiumcoststoemployees.

Accordingtothewriter,thehealthcaresystemisconfrontedwith______.

50.

Wecanconcludefromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatwhetheramalepracticesmonogamyofpolygamydependson______.

A.theamountofnurturingtheyoung

B.thesexofoffspring

C.theattractivenessofhisfemalepartner

D.thetimeofconception

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Ascollegesanduniversitiessendanotherwaveofgraduatesoutintotheworldthisspring,thousandsofotherjobseekerswithliberal-artsdegreeslikeMartin'sfindthemselvesinasimilarlydifficultsituation.Trueenough,thisisaneraofrecord-breakinglowsinunemployment.Buttechnologycompanies,whicharecontributingthelion'sshare(最多的部分)ofnewjobs,aresimultaneouslydeclaringashortageofqualifiedworkers.

It'snosurprisethathigh-techcompaniesrarelyhireliberal-artsgraduates.Theneedfortechnicalexpertiseissouniversalthatevenretailersaredemandingsuchskills."Company-wide,we'relookingforstudentswithspecificinformation-systemsskills",saysDavidMcDearmon,directoroffieldhumanresourcesatDollarTreeStores."Typicallyweavoidindependent-collegestudentswhodon'thavethem".

FortunatelyforMartin,someinvaluablehelpwasathandwhenheneededit.TheVirginiaFoundationforIndependentColleges,anetworkof15liberal-artscollegesinthestate,hasteamedupwithlocalcompaniestobridgethelearninggapfacedbyitsmembers'graduates.VFICinvited30companiestolinktheneedsofbusinesseswiththeskillsbeingtaughtincollegeclassrooms.WithgrantsfromcorporatesponsorsVFICasked20information-technologymanagerstohelpitsmemberscreateanexam,basedontheworkstudentswillbeexpectedtodointherealworld,totestandcertifytheirtechnologicalproficiency.

Theresult,Tek.Xam,isaneight-parttestthatrequiresstudentstodesignawebsite,buildandanalyzespreadsheets(電子數(shù)據(jù)表),researchproblemsontheInternetanddemonstrateunderstandingoflegalandethicalissues.SaysLindaDalch,presidentofVFIC:"Ifanart-historymajorwantsajobatabank,heneedstoprovehehastheskills.That'swherethiscertificatecanhelp".Thisyear245studentsatVFIC'smembercollegeshavegonethroughtheprogram.Thelong-termhopeisthatTek.XamwillwinthesamekindofacceptanceastheLSATorCPAforlaworaccountingstudents."Toknowastudenthastakentheinitiativeandpassedcouldmeanthatlesstrainingisneeded",explainsJohnRudin,chiefinformationofficeratReynoldsMetals,oneofthecorporationsthathelpedcreatethetest.

Allthisbegsanimportantquestion:Hasthetraditionalliberal-artscurriculumbecomeoutdated?Collegepresidentsnaturallyarguethattheskillstheirschoolsprovideareinvaluable.AB.A.degree,saysMaryBrownBullockofAtlanta'sAgnesScottCollege,"givesgraduatestheabilitytoreinventthemselvestimeandtimeagain...andtheknowledgeandthinkin