CivilRightsMovement美國民權(quán)運動

CivilrightsmovementA.Whatiscivilrightsmovement?B.Howdiditcomeabout?Orwhatwasthebackgroundthen?C.BigeventstimelineandgreatfiguresD.Whatwastheresultortheinfluenceofit?WhatiscivilrightsmovementThe

civilrightsmovement

wasaworldwide

politicalmovement

for

equalitybeforethelawoccurringbetweenapproximately1950sand1980s.Mainbattlefields:NorthernIrelandAfricaCanadaUnitedStatesGermanFranceInmanysituationsittooktheformofcampaignsof

civilresistanceaimedatachievingchangeby

nonviolentformsofresistance.(sit-in,boycottsetc.)Insomesituationsitwasaccompanied,orfollowed,by

armedrebellion..HowdiditcomeaboutAfterwhite-dominatedDemocraticPartyregainedpoliticalcontrolovertheSouth.TheRepublicanParty—the"partyofLincoln"—whichhadbeenthepartythatmostblacksbelongedto,shranktoinsignificanceasblackvoterregistrationwassuppressed.Bytheearly20thcentury,almostallelectedofficialsintheSouthwereDemocrats.KuKluxKlan

FormerConfederatesoldiersfoundedtheKuKluxKlan(KKK)aftertheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865).TheKKKusedviolenceandintimidationtopreventblacksfromvotingandholdingoffice,andtokeepthemsegregated.

DuringthesametimeasAfricanAmericanswerebeingdisfranchised,whiteDemocratsimposedracialsegregationbylaw.Violenceagainstblacksmushroomed.Amovementwasbrewing…..BigeventsandimportantfiguresItbeginswithabus.TheNationalCityLinesbus,No.2857,isnowamuseumexhibitattheHenryFordMuseum.

Bigeventsandimportantfigures1955--RosaParksrefusedtomovetothebackofbusasrequiredbycityregulation;boycottfollowedandbussegregationordinanceisdeclaredunconstitutional.thesystemofsegregationusedonMontgomerybusesRosaParksin1955,February4,1913-24,2023(aged

92)TriggeroftheboycottoneofthepioneersofthecivilrightsmovementGoal:todemandafixeddividinglineforthesegregatedsectionsofthebuses:ifthewhitesectionofthebuswasoversubscribed,whiteswouldhavetostand;blacksneednotgivetheirseatstowhites.Theboycottgainedsupportfromblackcommunity.About50000blacksparticipatedSincethecity’sblackpopulationwhowerethedriversoftheboycottwerealsothemainparyofthesystem‘sridership.cripplingfinancialdeficitfortheMontgomerypublictransitsystemVictoryonNovember13,1956,theSupremeCourtruledthatMontgomeryracialsegregationlawsforbuseswereillegal.1957--ArkansasGov.usesNationalGuardtoblocknineblackstudentsfromattendingaLittleRockHighSchool;followingacourtorder,PresidentEisenhowersendsinFederalTroopstoensurecompliance.1962--PresidentKennedysendsfederaltroopstotheUniversityofMississippitoensureJamesMeredith,theschool'sfirstblackstudent,canattend.1963--Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.delivers"IHaveaDream"speechtohundredsofthousandsattheMarchonWashington.1964--CongresspassesCivilRightsActdeclaringdiscriminationbasedonraceillegalafter75-daylongargument.1968--MartinLutherKingJr.wasassassinatedinMemphis,Tennessee;1973--MaynardJackson,firstblackelectedmayorofamajorSouthernU.S.city--Atlanta1975--VotingRightsActextended.1988--CongresspassesCivilRightsRestorationActoverPresidentReagan'sveto.1989--L.DouglasWilder(Virginia)becomesfirstblackelectedgovernor.1991--CivilrightsmuseumopensatKingassassinationsiteinMemphis.2023--BarackObamatooktheofficeofwhitehousein2023InfluenceBeforeRosaParksdied,sheworriedthattheyounggenerationofBlackAmericanmighttakeequalitybeforethelaw

forgrantedwhileforgettheeffortandscarificationoftheirforefathers.Nowthestatusofblackpeoplehaveimprovedalotasaresultofcivilrightmovement.ButKing’sdreamoftrue