2022-2023年山東省菏澤市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)

2022-2023年山東省菏澤市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Amongdevelopedcountries,______spendsthegreatestshareofGDPonthepublicbroadcasting.

A.USgovernment

B.Britishgovernment

C.Germangovernment

D.Frenchgovernment

2.Whendidhydroelectricpowerwasuniversallyconsideredasanenvironmentallysafeandcleanmeansofelectricitygenerator?

A.Around250BC.

B.In1982.

C.Inthemiddle.yearsof20thcentury.

D.Untilonlyrecently.

3.AprilFools'Special:History'sHoaxes

HappyAprilFools'Day.Tomarktheoccasion,NationalGeographicNewshascompiledalistofsomeofthemorememorablehoaxesinrecenthistory.Theyarethelies,darned(可恨的)lies,andwhoppers(彌天大謊)thathavebeenperpetratedonthegullible(易受騙的)andunsuspectingtofulfillthatage-olddesireheldbysometoputthejokeonothers.

InternetHoaxes

TheInternethasgivenbirthtoaproliferation(增殖)ofhoaxes.E-mailinboxesarebombardedonanalmostdailybasiswithmessageswarningofterriblecomputervirusesthatcauseuserstodeletebenign(良性)chunksofdatafromtheirharddrives,orofcreditcardseamsthatenticethenaivetogivealltheirpersonalinformation,includingpasswordsandbankaccountdetails,toidentitythieves.Othere-mailsgiverisetowry(歪曲的)chuckles,whichiswherethislistbegins.

BanDihydrogenMonoxide(一氧化二氫)

CityofficialsinAlisoViejo,California,weresoconcernedaboutthedangersofdihydrogenmonoxidethattheyscheduledavotelastmonthonwhethertobanfoam(泡沫)cupsfromcity-sponsoredeventsaftertheylearnedthechemicalwasusedinfoam-cupproduction.

Officialscalledoffthevoteafterlearningthatdihydrogenmonoxideisthescientifictermforwater.

"It'sembarrassing,"citymanagerDavidJ.NormantoldtheAssociatedPress."Wehadaparalegal(律師助手)whodidbadresearch."

Indeed,theparalegalhadfallenvictimtoanofficial-lookingWebsitetoutingthedangersofdihydrogenmonoxide.Ane-mailoriginallyauthoredin1990byEricLechner,thenagraduatestudentattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,claimedthatdihydrogenmonoxide"isusedasanindustrialsolventandcoolant,andisusedintheproductionofStyrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)."

Otherdangerspranksters(愛開玩笑的人)associatedwiththechemicalincludedacceleratedcorrosionandrusting,severeburns,anddeathfrominhalation.

Versionsofthee-mailcontinuetocirculatetoday,andseveralWebsites,includingthatoftheCoalitiontoBanDHMO,warn,tongue-in-cheek,ofwater'sdangers.

AlabamaChangesValueofPi

TheApril1998newsletterputoutbyNewMexicansforScienceandReasoncontainsanarticletitled"AlabamaLegislatureLaysSiegetoPi".ItwaspennedbyAprilHolidayoftheAssocimatedPress(sic)andtoldthestoryofhowtheAlabamastatelegislaturevotedtochangetheValueofthemathematicalconstantPifrom3.14159totheroundnumberof3.

Theersatz(假的)newsstorywaswrittenbyLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryphysicistMarkBosloughtoparody(滑稽地模仿)legislativeandschoolboardattacksontheteachingofevolutioninNewMexico.

AtBoslough'ssuggestion,DaveThomas,thepresidentofNewMexicansforScienceandReason,postedthearticleinitsentiretytotheInternetnewsgroupTalk.OriginsonApril1.(Thenewsgrouphostsalivelydebateoncreationvs.evolution.)LaterthateveningThomaspostedafullconfessiontothehoax.Hethoughthehadputallrumorstobed.

ButtoThomas'ssurprise,however,severalnewsgroupreadersforwardedthearticletofriendsandposteditonothernewsgroups.

WhenThomascheckedinonthestoryafewweekslater,hewassurprisedtolearnthatithadspreadlikewildfire.Thetelltalesignsofthearticle'ssatiricalintent,suchastheApril1dateandmisspelled"AssocimatedPress".dateline,hadbeenreplacedordeleted.

Alabamalegislatorswerebombardedwithcallsprotestingthelaw.Thelegislatorsexplainedthatthenewswasahoax.Therewasnotandneverhadbeensuchalaw.

TVandNewspaperHoaxes

BeforetheadventoftheInternet,andeventoday,traditionalmediaoutletssuchasnewspapers,radio,andtelevision,havesometimeshoaxedthei

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Inadvertisingtheadvertisercanavoidanyresponsibilityforhisstatementbyusing______.

5.

Whatcausespeopletodislikerunning?

A.Becausetheyfindrunningnotveryinteresting.

B.Becausetheygetbreathlesstotalk.

C.Becausetheyhavetowarmdownattileend.

D.Becausetheyhavetoincreasegradually.

6.

______episodewellillustratesoneofthe"UnsolvedHistory"subjectsthatarewidelymisunderstood.

7.

ThevoyageofEmery'sfatherandhiscompanionsheadingforCookInletcanbedescribedas______.

8.

HurricanesaremainlyformedinGulfofMexico.

9.

Sincerainforestbacteriaandtreesdependoneachotherforlife,therelationshiptheyform.istermed______.

10.

Inthelast-pacedworld,TVshowsandvideogamesmaydistractusfromour______.

A.prioritiesinlife

B.studyatcollege

C.socialactivities

D.stressandweariness

11.

TheMilkyWaybegantoform.about11.billionyearsearlierthanEarth.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Ifafosterfamilyneedsabreak,theirfosterchildcangotoa________.

13.

Calories______willnotstopimmediatelywhenyourexerciseisover.

14.

Bothmother-to-childtransmissionandpartner-to-partnertransmissioncanbepreventedorprotectedeffectivelybydrugsfor________________.

15.

Withoutthehostprocessor,acardholdercannotwithdrawmoneyfromanATM.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.WidelyusingPrEPsmaycausepotentialproblemslikeethicalissuesand______.

17.

Theprimarypurposeofthetextistodiscussdangersofsmoking.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Sugarlessfood,suchas______,playsaroleinthepreventionoftoothdecay.

19.

Nowcohabitationnormallyhappensbeforemarriage.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

DuringChristmasof1963______wascomingintoMiamiforalanding.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(25)

A.Becausethey'requiteimpressivewithastrongeffect.

B.Becausetheyarenotsofrustratingasotherexpressions.

C.Becausetheyarepracticedandrepeatedonceandagain.

D.Becausetheyaremostpeople'sfavoritewords.

22.(21)

A.About64%.B.About51%.C.About49%.D.About32%.

23.(16)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems,

D.Drinking,

24.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Respectbeginswithintheindividual.Theoriginalstateofrespectis【B1】______onawarenessoftheselfasauniquebeing.Theelevated【B2】______ofknowing"whoIam'arisesfromarealplaceofpureworth.Withsuchinsight,thereisfaithintheselfandwholenessandcompletenesswithin.Withself-realization,oneexperiencestrueself-respect.

【B3】______takesplacewhentheawarenessofone'soriginalnatureandtheoriginaloftheotherislacking.Asaresult,external【B4】______influencesrulesupremeoverrespect.Tobestabilizedintheelevatedstageoftheselfensuresgenuinerespectforandfromothers,sinceoneactsintheconsciousnessthateveryhumanbeinghasinnateworthwhichispureand【B5】______.Suchamindsetguaranteesfinalvictory,sinceinteractiononthatbasis【B6】______thattheinternetgoodnessoftheselfandtheotheremerges.

Todevelopthevalueofrespectwithintheselfandtogiveitpracticalexpressionindailylifeisthe【B7】______Obstaclesareencounteredtotestthestrengthofrespect,andtheseareOftenfeltatthemost【B8】______times.【B9】______.Insituationswhenallsupportsseemtohavevanished,whatremainsloyalistheextenttowhichonehasbeenabletobecomeself-reliantintently.

【B10】______.Theremustberecognizedasthecentralfocustodrawfrompeopleacommitmenttoahigherpurposeinlife.【B11】______.Theeminenceoflifeispresentineveryone,andeveryhumanbeinghasarighttothejoyoflivingwithrespectanddignity.

【B1】

25.聽力原文：M:Ireallyneedtomakesomeextramoney.I'vepracticallyspentmyentirebudgetforthesemester.

F:Youshouldcheckoutthenewcafeteria.Ithinkthereareafewopeningsleftintheevening.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(18)

A.Cashhischequereceivedfromthenewcafeteria.

B.Gotothecafeteriaintheevening.

C.Openanewcafeteria.

D.Askthenewcafeteriatoseeiftheyhaveanyvacancies.

26.聽力原文：W:IfIunderstandyoucorrectly,Mr.Savage,youweredrivingwellwithinthespeedlimitwhenyouwerestoppedbythePolice.

M:That'sright.IalwayskeeptothelimitonDownsideRoadbecausethere'saschoolslaponthecornerofthefirstturningandIwouldn'twanttoruntheriskofhittingoneofthekids,nowwouldI?

W:I'mafraidIdonotknowwhatyoumean.

M:Well,Igobythespeedometer,don'tI?That'swhataspeedometer'sfor,isn'tit,totellyouhowfastyou'regoing.Imeanamachinecan'tlie,canit?Peoplecan,butnotmachines.

W:"Machines"asyoucallthemarenotnecessarilyinfallible(一貫正確的)guides,Mr.Savage.Theysometimesgowrong.InanycaseaccordingtothePolicetestimonyyouweredrivingatmorethansixtymilesanhourinsuchamannerastocauseadangertothepublic.Weavingfromsidetosidelikeago-godanceriswhatIthinkthePoliceConstablesaid.

M:Veryfunny,sir.Still,thesteeringwheelhasbeenplayingupabitlately,Iadmitthat.IsaidtomywifeonlytheotherdayI'dbetterhaveitseento,butshesaidsheputifofftillwewentonholidayso...

W:Mr.Savage.Now,IunderstandthatwhenthePolicestoppedyou,yourefusedtotakeabreathalyzertest...Whywasthat?

M:Well,Ihadn'tbeendrinking,hadI?HalfalagerandattheFeathers—youmustbejoking.

W:Itisnotmyhabittomakejokesincourt,Mr.Savage.

(20)

A.Heischargedwithdrunken-driving.

B.Heiscaughtrunningoverachild.

C.Heiscaughtusingadefectivespeedometer.

D.Heisstoppeddancinggo-gointhestreet.

27.聽力原文：W:I'llinviteyoutoourcountryhouseassoonasIfinishmythesis.

M:Attherateyouwrite,thatmaybenextyear.

Q:Whenisheinvited?

(16)

A.Nextyear.

B.Soon.

C.Whenshefinisheswriting.

D.Afterhevisitsher.

28.聽力原文：W:Youwantedtoseeme,Mr.Gray?

M:Yes,MissWright.You'llhavetostartgettingtoworkontimeoryourservicewillnolongerbeneededhere.

Q:WhathappenedtoMissWright?

(17)

A.Shewasgivenanewposition.

B.Shewasgivenaraise.

C.Shewascriticizedforbeinglate.

D.Shewaspraisedforherservice.

29.聽力原文：Thehomeisthecentralfocusofmostyoungpeople'slivesinBritain,particularlyforthosewhoarestillattendingschool.Themajorityrelyupontheirhomeenvironmentasaplaceofsecurityandupontheirparentsasthemainprovidersoffood,moneyandothernecessitiesoflife—aswellasgeneraladvice.Youngpeoplespendalargeproportionoftheirleisuretimeathomewithothermembersoftheirfamilyorwithfriends.

Afterthehome,schoolisthemainsocialenvironmentwherechildrennotonlyreceivetheirformaleducationbutalsodeveloptheiridentitieswithinpeergroups.AllschoolchildreninBritainareencouragedtotakeupactivitieswhichcomplementtheiracademicandvocationaleducationandhelptoidentifytheirindividualtalent,suchassports,drama,musicandcreativepursuits.Manyoftheseform.partoftheschoolcurricula.

Thepersonaldevelopmentandinformalsocialeducationofyoungpeopleagedfrom11to25arealsopromotedbytheYouthServiceinBritain.TheServiceisapartnershipbetweenlawauthoritiesandalargenumberofvoluntaryorganizations.ArecentsurveyestimatesthatnearlysixmillionyoungpeopleinthisagegroupareeithercurrentorpastparticipantsintheService.

YouthclubsandcentersarethemostcommontypesofYouthServiceprovision,encouragingtheirmemberstoparticipateinsport,culturalandcreativeactivities,andcommunityservice.Somealsoprovideinformationandcounseling.Youthclubsmaybebranchesofnationalorinternationalbodiesortheymaybeentirelylocalinstitutions.

(33)

A.Atschool.B.Athome.C.AtYouthClubs.D.AtYouthCenters.

30.(31)

A.80countriesandover4,000cities.

B.76countriesandover2,000cities.

C.102countriesandover5,000cities.

D.88countriesandover4,000cities.

31.

【B9】

32.聽力原文：Penurywaswhatpeoplecalledamysteryman.Wehadknownhimforoversevenyears,eversincehebecameamemberofourmodestclub,buthehadawayofkeepinghisprivatelifetohimselfinallbuttheunessentialdetails.Weknewhisaddress,thoughheneverinvitedustohishome,andhisage,too,butonlyunimportantmattersofthiskind.Itseemedthathedidnothavetoworkforalivingaswedid,inourvariousways.Hehadoncehintedaboutaninheritanceonwhichhemanagedtolivecomfortably.Hewasnot,however,amanofluxurioushabits:hewasnotespeciallywelldressedandhedidnotevenhaveacar.Attheageofforty-fivehewasstillabachelorthough.Sincemarriagewasnotasubjectheeverdiscussed,wehadnomeansoffindingoutwhetherheregrettednothavingawife.Penurydisappearedsuddenlyfromourcircleandshortlyafterwardswecametolearnthefirstreallysolidfactsaboutourmysteryman.Fromreportsthatappearedinthenewspapers,togetherwithphotographsofthemanwhowaswithoutdoubt,ourMr.Penury,itwasrevealedthathewasthemostaccomplishedburglarintheLondonarea;andthathehadpracticedthisprofessionformanyyears,untilhewasarrested—andsenttoprison

(30)

A.Becausenobodyknewhisaddress.

B.Becausenobodyknewhisage.

C.BecausePenbury'sprivatelifewasasecret.

D.BecausePenburywasstillabachelorattheageofforty-five.

33.(34)

A.1476.B.1500s.C.1600s.D.1607.

34.

【B5】

35.聽力原文：W:Wehavetofacethefactthatitisalittlehardtogetfuelforthecar.

M:Betweenyouandme,Ithinkthereisalwaysawaytogetaroundthisproblem.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(19)

A.Hethinksitisdifficulttogetfuelforthecar.

B.Hecanmanagetogetthegasolinetheyneed.

C.Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytorefuelthecar.

D.Hehopesthewomanwillhelphimselectafuel.

36.聽力原文：Ecologyisthestudyoftheinterrelationshipoflivingthingstotheirenvironment.Thisevenincludesthestudyofnonlivingthings.Inrecentyears,ecologyhasbecomeasourceofgreatinteresttomanypeoplewholiveintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Theinteresthasbeenincreasingbecausesomeexpertsfeelthatwearedestroyingthelandonwhichwelive.Theyalsofeelthatwecanstopthisdestructionbybeingmorecareful.

Someoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyindustry.Wastespollutethewaters.Gasesandfumespoisontheair.Whenairandwaterarepolluted,thenfish,birds,andotherlivingcreamdie.Humanlifeisalsoaffectedbyindustrialneglect.Peoplebecomepoisonedinmanywayswhileworkingonandaroundunsafeplantsandfactories.Nuclearpowerplantshavecausedgreatcontroversy.

Peoplealsocausesomeoftheproblems.Carsthatpeopledrivepourfumesintotheairwebreathe.Garbageissometimesdumpedintostreamsthatsupplydrinkingwater.Forestfiresareoftencausedbycarelesscampers.Beachesandcitystreetsarelitteredwithrubbish.

(30)

A.Livingthings.

B.Livingthingsandnonlivingthings.

C.Theenvironmentalproblemscausedbyindustryandpeople.

D.Theinterrelationshipoflivingthingstotheirenvironment.

37.(18)

A.HethinksDavidisnotreliable.

B.He'swillingtotrustDavid.

C.HehastoldhisdoubtstoDavid.

D.HethinksDavidwillbenefitfromthisexperience.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

NowwetraveltothenorthcentralpartoftheUnitedStates.WeareinthestateofSouthDakota.Thelandisbigandmostlyflatwithmany【B1】______ofcorn,wheatandsoybeans.Butaswetravelwest,thecroplandgiveswaytowildgrasses.Astrongdrywindblows【B2】______fromthewest.

Suddenly,thelandbecomes【B3】______androcky,dryanddusty-nolongergreenandgold.Itisnowalightred-browncolor.Allaroundarebroken【B4】______forms.Therearehillsandvalleysofallsizesandstrangeshapes.

ThesearetheBadlands.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsagotheareawas【B5】______,but,then,forcesofnature【B6】______thegrass.Waterandicecutintothesurfaceoftheearth.Theybeatattherocks,【B7】______themaway.Theresultisoneoftheworld's【B8】______sights.

【B9】______.

Theareaisastudyinextremes.Temperaturesinthesummerhavebeenashighasforty-sixdegreesCelsius.【B10】______.

LifeintheBadlandsisdifficult,butanimalsdosurvive.Themostwellknownistheprairiedog.【B11】______.

【B1】

39.聽力原文：W:Didyouturnoffthelightsandcheckthelocksonallthedoors?

M:Yes,ItoldtheJohnsonswe'vegonefortwoweeks.Theypromisetokeepaneyeonthehouseforus.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?

(16)

A.Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.

B.Checkthelockseverytwoweeks.

C.LookaftertheJohnsons'house.

D.Movetoanoterplace.

40.聽力原文：(29)BarryDevinsistheinformationtechnologymanagerforamajornonprofitresearchfoundation.

Soonaftertakingthejob,hepurchasedanupgradeforthefoundation'se-mailprogram.Heassumedtherewouldbesomesmallproblems,buttheyfarexceededanythinghehadimagined.(30)Ittooksixmonthstogettheupgradeworkingproperly,andeventhenpeoplecontinuedtocomplainaboutmessagestheyhadlostduringthephase-inperiod.

Ayearlater,thefoundationwasawardedalargecontract,andthepresidentdecidedtopurchaseanadvanceddatasystemfortheentireorganization.SheaskedBarrytotakechargeofbuyingthesystemandtrainingthestaffinitsuse.

WhenBarryoutlinedhisplansataweeklystaffmeeting,hehadlowinitialcredibility.Everyonerememberedthee-mailprogram,andtheywerereluctanttogothroughthesameproblemagain.ButBarryrealizedthisandwasprepared.

Hebeganbyremindingeveryonethatthepresidenthadauthorizedhimto(31)purchaseastate-of-the-artsystemthatwouldmaketheirliveseasierandimproveofficecommunication.

Hethenacknowledgedthathehadtoldthemthesamethingaboutthee-mailupgrade—anadmissionthatdrewalaughandhelpedeveryonerelaxFinally,heexplainedthathehadcheckedwithseveralotherorganizationsthathadinstalledthesamedatasystemhewaspurchasing,andtheyallhadtoldhimitworkedflawlessly.

Throughouthispresentation,Barry'sapproachwas"Iknowthee-mailupgradewasadisaster,andI'veworkedhardtomakesureitdoesn'thappenagain."(32)Bythetimehefinished,moststaffmemberswereeagertohavethedatasystemupandrunning.Barryhadachievedhighterminalcredibility.

29．WhatisBarryDevins?

30.Whatdowelearnaboutthee-mailupgradeprogrampurchasedbyBarry?

31.Whatbenefitcanthedatasystembringtothefoundation?

32.HowwasBarry'spresentationgoingon?

(33)

A.Aninformationtechnologymanager.

B.Astaffmanagerofthefoundation.

C.Apresidentofthefoundation.

D.Alecturerinauniversity.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesintheworldandthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaveragedistancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo--from8kmadayperpersoninWesternEuropein1965to26kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicleshasgivenrisetomajorproblems,includingenvironmentalpollution,depletionofoilresources,trafficcongestionandsafety.

Whileemissionsfromnewearsarefarlessharmfulthantheyusedtobe,citystreetsandmotorwaysarebecomingmorecrowedthanever,oftenwitholdertrucks,busesandtaxis,whichemitexcessivelevelsofsmokeandfumes.Thisconcentrationofvehiclesmakesairqualityinurbanareasunpleasantandsometimesdangeroustobreathe.

InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport.Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroads,one-waysystemsandparkinglots.IntheUnitedSates.morelandisassignedtocarusethantohousing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnexttoimpossible.Massuseofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.Othersocialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressivehumanbehavior.

A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationforTransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyasrailtravelintermsoftheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion,accidents,pollution,lossofcroplandandnaturalhabitats,depletionofoilresourcesandsoon.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleandconvenientmodeofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopletogiveupprivatecarsinfavorofmasstransition

Technicalsolutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethefuelefficiencyofengines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdependonwhichcarsarepreferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeoplebuylargercarsthantheyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydrivingaggressively.Besides,globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethantheimprovementinemissionandfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmakingpossible.

Onesolutionthathasbeenputforwardisthelong-termsolutionofdesigningcitiesandneighborhoodssothatcarjourneysarenotnecessaryallessentialservicesbeinglocatedwithinwalkingdistanceoreasilyaccessiblebypublictransport.Notonlywouldthissaveenergyandcutcarbondioxideemissions,itwouldalsoenhancethequalityofcommunitylife,puttingtheemphasisonpeopleinsteadofcars.Goodlocalgovernmentisalreadybringingthisaboutinsomeplaces.Butfewdemocraticcommunitiesareblessedwiththevision--andthecapital--tomakesuchprofoundchangesinmodernlifestyles.Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystemsfortravelintoandaroundcities,withsmalllowemissioncarsforurbanuseandlargerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.

Fromthethirdparagraphwecanseethatmotorvehicleshaveagreat______oncitydevelopment.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelophonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.

Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveithack,"saysomeofthevoices,"Itdoesn'treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn'twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman."

Theprinciplediscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.

JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseamedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.

C.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.

D.Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.

43.

Whydidn'tthestateandlocalairpollutionlawsachievetheendofreducingpollution?

A.Industriestendtodisregardthelawsbecausetheydon'twanttospendextramone