高考英語難點(diǎn)注意6定語從句解題的黃金規(guī)律-先行詞、關(guān)系代詞的句法功能

難點(diǎn)6定語從句解題的黃金規(guī)律——先行詞、關(guān)系代（副）詞的句法功能在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分?！耠y點(diǎn)磁場1.(★★★★)—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatthereason________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)2.(★★★★★)Meetingmyuncleafterallthesewasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2022)3.(★★★★)Alecaskedthepoliceman________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.(上海2022)himwhom4.(★★★★)There’safeelinginme________we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.which（上海2022）5.(★★★★)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museum,andsomeotherplaces,________othervisitorsseldomgo.6.(★★★★)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown________hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)7.(★★★★★)CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,________personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)8.(★★★★★)Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)●案例探究filmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.(NMET2022)命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對定語從句的掌握，屬于五星級題目。知識依托：先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞，從句中缺少狀語，通常用關(guān)系副詞when。錯(cuò)解分析：本題有一定難度，主要是由于在先行詞和定語從句之間有其他的詞。解題方法與技巧：首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，先行詞hours表示的是時(shí)間，當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí)，可能有2種情況：如果從句中缺少狀語，通常用關(guān)系副詞when，如題；如果在從句中缺少主語或賓語，通常用關(guān)系代詞that或which。答案：Cknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2022)命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對定語從句中關(guān)系代詞as的用法。屬于五星級題目。知識依托：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。錯(cuò)解分析：A項(xiàng)迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語，后應(yīng)用that從句作真正主語。如：It’sknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.解題方法與技巧：根據(jù)題干的逗號可以判斷，空缺處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞as，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在這種用法中，as的意思是“正像”“像”“那樣”，定語從句則表達(dá)了說話人的對某事的態(tài)度和看法。答案：B●錦囊妙計(jì)1.由who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句：這類定語從句中，who用作主語，whom用作賓語，whose用作定語。例如：Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?引導(dǎo)的定語從句：which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞和介詞的賓語。例如：Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.3.由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句：that在定語從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語、謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。（但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語）例如：TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句：①先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如：Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeisthebestfilmI’veeverseen.③先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如：Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)，例如：Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)Iwanttotalkto.⑤先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，例如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑥當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。例如：WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?⑦用作關(guān)系代詞，修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如day,time,moment等，代替when。例如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.⑧如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用，則另一個(gè)用that。例如：Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.4.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。例如:Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiu.注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí)，有時(shí)用where或when，有時(shí)用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語從句，這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where或when。例如：Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.Ihaveneverforgottenthedaywhichwespenttogether.5.限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：①限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略；②非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。關(guān)系代詞用which，不用that；指人時(shí)可用who，例如：Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothstudents.Crusoe’sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.引導(dǎo)的定語從句：①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語、表語或狀語，構(gòu)成thesame…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語）Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as作狀語）Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作賓語）；②as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個(gè)定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.（as代表整個(gè)句子，作賓語）Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as代表整個(gè)句子，作主語）常用的這種類似插入語的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。注意：①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致；②關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語從句作動詞賓語或介詞賓語，而該介詞又位于從句末尾時(shí)，經(jīng)常省略，但as一般不省略；③關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”“就像”之意，而which則沒有此意?！駳灉珉y點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1.(★★★★★)Isthishotel________yousaidweweretostayinyourletter.thatwhich2.(★★★★)Thewrongyou’vedonehimisterrible,for________youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.3.(★★★★)Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,________itbegantorain.4.(★★★★)I’dlikeacar________frontlightsarebigandround.5.(★★★★)“WhoMovedMyChinese?”,________isabest-sellingbook,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson.6.(★★★★★)Isthereashoparound________Icangetapackofcigarette?D.what7.(★★★★)Anotherunmannedspacecraft“ShenzhouⅡ”,________Chinagreetsthe21stcentury,marksnewprogressinthecentury’sspaceprogram.whichwhichwhichwhich8.(★★★★)Beijinggovernmentpu