高考練習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞

十、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式 【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞不定式表現(xiàn)為兩種形式：todo或do，在句中可作：1、主語：Tobuildthebridgeneedsmuchmoney.一般用It作形式主語放在句首，把不定式短語放于句末。Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.2、表語：Theirtaskistobuildarailwayinayear.3、賓語：Thechildpretendedtobesleeping/asleepwhenIcamebackhome.注意：當(dāng)不定式作賓語，其后接補(bǔ)語時(shí)，我們常用it作形式賓語，把不定式賓語放于補(bǔ)語之后。Wethinkitpossibletofinishtheworkinaweek.4、定語：表示一個(gè)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放于被修飾的名詞之后。Thebuildingtobebuiltwillbeusedasahospital.5、狀語：1）目的狀語：常見形式有：to…./inorderto…./soasto….Wegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus. 2）結(jié)果狀語：常見形式有：too….to…/so….asto…./onlyto….WouldyoubesokindastohelpmewithmyEnglish? Hereturnedhome15yearslater,onlytofindhishouseburntdown.6、補(bǔ)語：1）賓補(bǔ)：Heaskedmetodoworkwithhim.2）主補(bǔ)：Shewasoftenheardtosingthesongwhiledoinghousework.7、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作插入語。常用的有：totellthetruth,tobefrank,tomakethingsworse…二、分詞：【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】分詞可分為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類。現(xiàn)在分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中可作：1、定語：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語一般放于被修飾的名詞前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放被修飾的名詞后，現(xiàn)在分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)均可以發(fā)展為一個(gè)定語從句。Thegirlreadingoverthere(Thegirlwhowasreadingoverthere)soonfellasleep.2、狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可分為：一般式(doing)：表示分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；完成式(havingdone)：表示分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前。 Theoldmanpassedaway,leavingalotofdebtsunpaid. Havingfinished(Afterhehadfinished)hisexercises,hewenttoplaybasketball.3、補(bǔ)語：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，表示賓語的一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用于一些常見句型中:see/hear/feel/notice/have/catch/leave/set/send….sb.doingsth.Thesalesmancaughtthethiefstealingintheshop.4、表語：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)，可以看作形容詞，是形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞。Thefilmwasveryinteresting.5、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，是固定說法，不以主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)去分析。常見的有：generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering…Generallyspeaking,heisquiteskillfulatplayingtabletennis.過去分詞：過去分詞和過去分詞短語在句中可作：1、定語：?jiǎn)我坏倪^去分詞作定語一般放于被修飾的名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語放于被修飾的名詞后，過去分詞及過去分詞短語作定語均可以發(fā)展為一個(gè)定語從句。Thebrokenwindow(Thewindowwhichwasbroken)willbereplacedsoon. Thebooksboughtyesterday(whichwereboughtyesterday)areofhighquality.過去分詞短語作定語有三種時(shí)態(tài)：done….：表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生；tobedone：表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生；beingdone：表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。對(duì)比以下三句： Thebridgebuiltlastyear(whichwasbuiltlastyear)isverybeautiful. Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonth(whichwillbebuiltnextmonth)willbeverylong. Thebridgebeingbuilt(whichisbeingbuilt)willbecompletednextmonth.2、狀語：過去分詞短語作狀語可分為：一般式(done)：表示分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作前；完成式(havingbeendone)：強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前。Scolded(Asshewasscolded)bytheteacher,thegirlsattherewithoutliftingherhead. Havingbeenkept(Ashehadbeenkept)inprisonformanyyears,hewentmad.3、補(bǔ)語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，表示賓語與補(bǔ)語存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且常用于havesomethingdone/getsomethingdone/makeoneselfdone….等句型中。. Yesterdayhehadhiswatchfixedatthewatch-maker’s.4、表語：過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)，且該狀態(tài)通常是由外界因素引起的。這時(shí)過去分詞可以被看作一個(gè)形容詞，是形容詞化的過去分詞。. I’minterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYong.注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語必須是主句的主語，如果分詞的邏輯主語并不是主句的主語，而另有其邏輯主語，則應(yīng)在分詞前補(bǔ)上其邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。.Thebabysleeping(Asthebabywassleeping)intheroom,wedarednotturnuptheTV.三、動(dòng)名詞【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞后+ing的形式構(gòu)成的，與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞同形。它保留了動(dòng)詞的特征，即：它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語，又具有名詞的特征。1、主語：StudyingEnglishwellisnoeasyjob.注意：1)在下面一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用it作形式主語，將用作真實(shí)主語的動(dòng)名詞放于句末。Itisnouse/nogood/useless/nice/good/fun/interesting….+doingsth.It’sgoodhearingChinese,mymothertongue,spokenhere. 2)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語則表示一個(gè)抽象的、一般的概念。ReadingEnglishinthemorningisofgreatuseforstudents. ToreadthisEnglishbookwilltakemuchtime.2、表語：動(dòng)名詞作表語是對(duì)句子主語的一種說明，主語和動(dòng)名詞可以交換位置，句子的意思不變。這有別于進(jìn)行時(shí)：進(jìn)行時(shí)句中用的是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主語的一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主語與現(xiàn)在分詞不能交換位置。Whathelikesmostisplayingfootball.=Playingfootballiswhathelikesmost. Heisplayingfootballwithhisfriends.3、賓語：動(dòng)名詞作賓語，表示一種習(xí)慣、愛好。HelikessmokingwhileIlikedrinking.注意：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作，不表示習(xí)慣。Ilikesmoking,butIdon’tliketosmoketoday,forI’vegotacold.有些動(dòng)詞后面不用不定式作賓語，而只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，請(qǐng)記住以下口訣：memepscarfi:音譯成：妹妹不吃咖啡。這里每個(gè)字母代表一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞：m-misse-enjoy;m-mind;e-escape;p-practise;s-suggest/stand;c-consider/complete;a-admit/allow/advise/appreciate/avoid;r-risk;f-finish;i-imagine，常用的詞都列在里面了。Ihighlyappreciateyourhelpingtheoldlady.動(dòng)名詞還作介詞賓語。Idon’tfeellikegoingtothestationtomeettheguests.4、定語：動(dòng)名詞作定語，放于被修飾的名詞前，表示該的名詞的功能，并不表示動(dòng)作。.asleepingbag=abagforsleeping/ anoperatingtable=atableforoperating區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。.asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping/therunningcar=thecarthatisrunning另：1)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（one’sdoing）：表示動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，在句中可作主語和賓語。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，可以用賓格代替所有格。. WelikeTom’s(Tom)singingtheEnglishsong.Thelittleboy’scryingdrewourattention.2)有些動(dòng)詞后面既可跟動(dòng)詞不定式，又可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，注意它們的不同意思。doingsthtodosthremember記得做過某事，（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）記得去做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）forget忘了做過某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）忘了去做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）regret后悔過去做過的事遺憾地去做事mean意味著做某事意欲、打算做某事try試著做某事（看會(huì)發(fā)生什么）努力、設(shè)法、企圖做某事stop停止做某事停下來去做另一事goon繼續(xù)原來的事接著做另一件事can’thelp禁不住、情不自禁地做某事無法幫助去做某事learn學(xué)會(huì)做某事學(xué)著、開始學(xué)做某事need/want/require某事需要被做（=tobedone）需要做某事（主動(dòng)意思）【各個(gè)擊破】1.Attheshoppingcenter,hedidn’tknowwhat____and____withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leave B.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;left D.wastobuy;leave2.Thelongandtiringtalk,filledwithargumentsandquarrels,endedindisorder,_____noagreementatall.A.arriving B.arrivedat C.reaching D.andgettingto3.Doyouknowthedifficultyhehad______fivechildrenatschool?A.tokeep B.tohavekept C.keeping D.havingkept4.——LetmetellyousomethingaboutmyChineseteacher.——Iremember_____aboutheryesterday.A.telling B.beingtold C.totell D.havingtold5.Havingnomoneybut____toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.A.nottowantanyoneB.wantednoone C.notwantinganyoneD.towantnoone6.Theoldladyneeded___asshewasinher80s.A.tolookafter B.lookingafter C.lookafter D.beinglookedafter7.——Whyareyoualwaysmakingmedrinkmilk?——______enoughcalciumforyoutogrowtallandstrong.A.Get B.Toget C.Getting D.Tobegetting8.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.A.stood B.standing C.tostand D.werestanding9.Hehasfewfriendsandnevermind______alone,playingbyhimself.A.leaving B.having C.tobeleft D.beingleft10.Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,____tomakeiteasy_____.A.hope;tounderstand B.hoped;understoodC.hoping;tounderstand D.tohope;tobeunderstood11.Thestudentslistenedcarefully,withtheireyes____theblackboard.A.fixingat B.fixedat C.fixingon D.fixedon12._______togowiththeothersmadehimratherdisappointed.A.Hisnotallowed B.HisnotbeingallowedC.NothisallowingD.Havingnotbeenallowed13.Iwasverypoorwhenyoungandhadnotoys_______.A.toplay B.toplaywith C.withplaying D.play