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新概念二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1.構(gòu)成:使用動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。

(1)直接加"s",works,takes

(2)以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾,變“y”為“i",再加‘es",carry-carries

(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加

"es",goesdresseswatchesbrushes

2.功能:

(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作:eg:Birdsfly.Shelovesmusic.Mary'sparents

getupveryearly.

(2)表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或職業(yè),常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,

seldom,occasionally,frequently等時(shí)間副詞連用。eg:Ialwaystakeawalk

aftersupper.Shewritestomeveryoften.Tomandhisgirlfriendgooutto

takeapicnicoccasionally.

(3)表客觀真理,格言警句或事實(shí):Theearthmovesroundthesun.Thesun

risesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Twoandtwomakesfour.Nomanbut

errs.人非圣賢,熟能無(wú)過。

(4)表將來:

A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,even

if,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等弓I

導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中用般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

(黃金重點(diǎn),所有考試都不放過它!)

例如:I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'll

meetyou.

Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不錯(cuò)的句型,背

下??!)

I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)

B.按時(shí)間表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來時(shí)概念。

Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.

Whendoestheplanetakeoff?

Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.

Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatninein

themorning.

(按照時(shí)刻表,開往上海的特快列車早上7點(diǎn)出發(fā)。)

測(cè)試精編

1.TheBrownsanicecarandBrown'sbrotheranicejeep.

A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have

2.Iftheirhousenotlikeours,whatitlooklike?

A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is

3.-youthinkhewillcome?-Ifittomorrow,hewillnot

come.

A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain

4.Thelittlechildnotevenknowthatthemoonaroundthe

earth.

A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved

5.Manyastudentfondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom

tothecinema

A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹及練習(xí)(二)

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞

1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如

Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?

Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight(體重增加)。

Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.

2.表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本學(xué)期)。

Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.

3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進(jìn)行:時(shí).

態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開始的動(dòng)作。

Look!Thebusiscoming.#!車來了!Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheis

dying.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.

4.與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用,表示說話人帶有感

*彩:贊賞或厭惡。

Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他總是想著別人。)

Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。)

Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老師-一直在

批評(píng)她遲到。)

5.下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。(此條戒律

請(qǐng)背10遍?。。。?/p>

believe(相信),doubt(懷疑),see(看見),hear(聽見),know(知

道),understand(理解),belong(屬于),think(認(rèn)為),consider(認(rèn)

為),feel(覺得),look(看起來),seem(看上去),show(顯示),mind

(介意),have(有),sound(聽起來),taste(嘗起來),require(要求),

possess(擁有),care(關(guān)心),like(喜歡),hate(討厭),love(喜愛),

detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)

【簡(jiǎn)單記憶】:

?永遠(yuǎn)不要說I'mbelieving…或Heisseeingahouse.再簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)說,這些動(dòng)

詞后面不要隨意加-ing.

?可怕的是:我們?cè)趯懽骷翱谡Z(yǔ)中常犯此類大錯(cuò)!

?注意:haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)行時(shí),因?yàn)檫@里have意為"舉行";

think意為“考慮”。

測(cè)試精編:

1.HowcanyouIfyouarenot?

A.listening/hearingB.hear/listening

C.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto

2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforesheherhomework.

A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes

3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(職位)intheoffice.(止匕題

超前)

A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewing

C.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing

4.Theoldscientisttodomoreforthecountry.

A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished

5.Ifhe,don'twakehimup.

A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleeping

C.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹及練習(xí)(三)

一般過去時(shí)。

1,表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.

IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.

Chinawasfoundedin1949.

2.在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。(參)

Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.

Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.

Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.

3.一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)的幾組差異:(別以為這很簡(jiǎn)單,下面的差異

你不一定明白。)

?Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)

?Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)

新概念二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹四.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞

1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.

WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.

Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.

2.用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過去將來進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.

IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.

3.過去某時(shí)將發(fā)生的事??蓞⒖家?(4)

TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.

HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹及練習(xí)(五)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):haveIhas+過去分詞

1.表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet,just,before,

recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。?Hehasn'tseen

herlately.?Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.

2.表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,常與表

示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:s。far(迄今為止),uptillnow(直至ij現(xiàn)在),

since,foralongtime(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間),uptopresent(直至現(xiàn)在),inthepast/in

thelastfewyears(在過去的兒年里),thesedays(目前)...Hehasworked

herefor15years.?IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.?Theforeigner

hasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.?Sofar,Ihaven'treceiveda

singleletterfrommybrother.

3.某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(即:動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞),在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與

表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。

黃金要點(diǎn):

I.常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞:die,arrive(到達(dá)),join(加入),leave(離開),

go,refuse(拒絕),fail(失?。琭inish,buy,marry,divorce(離婚),awake

(醒),buy,borrow,lend...(背三遍?。?/p>

II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而是不能接常由foi■引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

III.但若是用在否定句中,非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀

語(yǔ)連用。

?Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(誤)?Shehasbeenawayforamonth

(正)?Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(誤)?Themanhasbeendeadfortwo

years.(正)?Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?(誤)?Howlonghaveyou

gotthebook.(IE)

4.注意since的用法:

?Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.*Ithasbeentenyears

sincewemetlasttime.

?Hehasbeenheresince1980.?Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.

5.幾組對(duì)比:

?HehasgonetoShanghai.他至U上海去了。*HehasbeentoShanghai.他

去過上海。*Shehasgone.她已走了。*Sheisgone.她缺席了。(oi?她

死了。)?Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關(guān)上了。(動(dòng)作)?Thedoorisclosed.

門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹及練習(xí)(六)

英語(yǔ)句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)

精要:五種基本句型

1.主+謂(不及物動(dòng)詞)

Mancanthink.Thefireisburning.

不可忽視:常用不及物動(dòng)詞有

break,breathe,burn,smoke,swim,skate,appear,disappear,work,

thinketc.

2.主+謂+表語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)

?Hebecameascientist.?Sheisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.

不可忽視:常用系動(dòng)詞:be,get,turn,feel,seem,appear,look

taste,sound,smell,become,go,proveetc.

3.主+謂+賓(及物動(dòng)詞)

Welovepeace.

Theywillpaintthedoor.

常用動(dòng)詞有:see,watch,need,love,like,study,answer,carry,etc.

4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

Weelectedhimpresident.Theypaintedthedoorwhite.Iadvisedthe

studentstorecitethetexts.

王牌重點(diǎn):常用作賓補(bǔ)的形式:(請(qǐng)將每個(gè)例句大聲朗讀一遍)

(1)名詞:

ThecouplenamedtheirbabyJohnson.

(2)形容詞:

Ikeepthedooropen.

(3)副詞:

Thenaughtyboyknockedthebottleover.

(4)不定式:

Heorderedhismentofire.

(5)分詞:

Heheardmesinging.Isawthevasebroken.

(6)介詞短語(yǔ):

Theylookonhimasateacher.

(7)名詞性從句:

Iaskedhimwhathewasdoing.

5.(1)主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

Myfriendboughtmeagift.

Ipassedhimthebook.

(2)主+謂+直賓+介詞+間賓

Myfriendboughtagiftforme.

Ipassedthebooktohim.

忘記就意味著背叛一

常與介詞for搭配的動(dòng)詞有:

buy,make,doget,play,call,choose,cook,fetch,find,keeporder,s

ave,etc.

常與介詞to搭配的動(dòng)詞有:

bring,give,grant,hand,pass,lend,offer

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