軸流式水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)

目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"一、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)2二、設(shè)計(jì)步驟2確定流道幾何形狀21.1初繪制流道2\o"CurrentDocument"1.2檢查過(guò)水?dāng)嗝婷娣e3\o"CurrentDocument"按軸面流速為均勻分布繪制軸面流線4\o"CurrentDocument"檢查流網(wǎng)準(zhǔn)確性5\o"CurrentDocument"計(jì)算軸面流速8\o"CurrentDocument"進(jìn)出口三角形計(jì)算及繪制9\o"CurrentDocument"5.1確定進(jìn)出口邊位置9\o"CurrentDocument"5.2確定葉片進(jìn)出口速度矩分布9\o"CurrentDocument"利用BladeGen生成葉片10\o"CurrentDocument"6.1軸面投影的生成10\o"CurrentDocument"6.2確定進(jìn)出口安放角的分布規(guī)律10\o"CurrentDocument"6.3葉片的加厚11\o"CurrentDocument"6.4葉片的調(diào)整與輸出11\o"CurrentDocument"利用UG進(jìn)行木模截線繪制12\o"CurrentDocument"木模圖的繪制13\o"CurrentDocument"三、設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)13

、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)Hmin=20mHav=35mHmax=48Nr=3692.71Kw轉(zhuǎn)速n=333.3rpmQr=11.95m3/sD1=1.34mHs=1.9m海拔高程：79m、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)Hmin=20mHav=35mHmax=48Nr=3692.71Kw轉(zhuǎn)速n=333.3rpmQr=11.95m3/sD1=1.34mHs=1.9m本次課程設(shè)計(jì)采用以上設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行混流式水輪機(jī)葉片設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)方法參照《水輪機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū)》中的方法二，最后繪制出葉片木模圖。二、設(shè)計(jì)步驟1.確定流道幾何形狀1.1初繪制流道采用方法二初繪流道，其中繪制5條流線的坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)按指導(dǎo)書(shū)中所給出的值繪制。所得流道如圖

1.2檢查過(guò)水?dāng)嗝婷娣e在轉(zhuǎn)輪流道內(nèi)做內(nèi)切于轉(zhuǎn)輪上冠和轉(zhuǎn)輪下環(huán)的公切圓，計(jì)算各斷面面積，做出軸面液流過(guò)水?dāng)嗝婷娣e沿Lm的變化曲線:lm(mm)內(nèi)切圓S(mm)P(mm)r(mm)t(mm)A=2nrt(mm2)01421210.5996.35334212635575346.65762430.3448219.0429672.7014432.92511829848414.80753454.8277230.7077605.7012457.02361739310482.83094476.392241.1785543.7583478.38031634403510.28875487.0729245.2376515.5808488.2071581541543.64076496.9754249.1055490.2508497.38731532120603.54937506.9319254.0181449.6619507.31433279642.12318511.3319258.075435.6846512.93791404161718.78629531.8428272.5391409.0289536.25461378177876.271510673.9633337.8095336.4104674.515214257421553.43711722.3721361.4709361.4709722.5621641074由于擴(kuò)散形流道易產(chǎn)生脫流而導(dǎo)致較大的水力損失，根據(jù)上圖所示，可以看出過(guò)流斷面面積沿lm是逐漸減小，整體呈一個(gè)收縮流道，同時(shí)為了提高汽蝕性能，轉(zhuǎn)輪出口處面積略有擴(kuò)散，基本符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。2.按軸面流速為均勻分布繪制軸面流線根據(jù)過(guò)水?dāng)嗝媾c流線相互垂直的原則，作線垂直于各軸面流線，并以該線為母線繞水輪機(jī)軸線旋轉(zhuǎn)得到的回轉(zhuǎn)面就是過(guò)水?dāng)嗝?。一般?guī)律為近下環(huán)處流線較密集，在近上冠處流線較稀疏。下表為校正流線后的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù):等勢(shì)線aL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5結(jié)果△b102.8322104.1849106.0511107.8861合格rm801.3509802.5798802.4101801.5601const82404.6883616.6785096.4786477.19av%-0.02363-0.009270.0082670.024626等勢(shì)線bL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b103.0002106.9342111.6166116.1764rm709.3221667.6537644.5619632.7579const73060.371395.0371943.7873511.51av%0.008039-0.01494-0.007370.014264等勢(shì)線cL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b96.22111108.9634126.1492160.8662rm661.0957585.7119495.3999390.6706const63611.3663821.1762494.362845.7av%0.0066180.009938-0.01106-0.0055等勢(shì)線dL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b91.47282105.5946129.2304182.0203rm634.025547.7954439.3355308.1347const57996.0657844.2256775.5256086.78av%0.0143490.011693-0.007-0.01904等勢(shì)線eL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b88.69597104.5095135.5229223.589rm624.0581528.0897408.7858244.0622const55351.4355190.3955399.8654569.62av%0.0040560.0011350.004935-0.01013等勢(shì)線fL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b92.6042105.9602140.4854302.6579rm626.8734527.7256404.514189.5079const58051.1155917.9356828.3357356.06av%0.017756-0.01964-0.003680.00557等勢(shì)線gL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5［合

△b93.45192110.6044143.9948344.703格rm645.3948543.5706416.4404172.2705const60313.3860121.2859965.2759382.14av%0.0061370.0029320.00033-0.0094下圖為校正后的流線L5L4L3L2L11—-1-f11—g檢查流網(wǎng)準(zhǔn)確性⑴計(jì)算時(shí)可以原有等勢(shì)線為中線，在其兩側(cè)各作一相近的等勢(shì)線，如圖實(shí)線為原等勢(shì)線，兩邊虛線為相近等勢(shì)線。(2)由同一組相鄰等勢(shì)線和各軸面流線組成的各段的RAb/Al=const(3)若同一組等勢(shì)線上各段的(RAb/Al)pj不等于常數(shù)，則應(yīng)該校正軸面流線位置，可計(jì)算其平均值。則Ab的修正值為[(RAb/Al)i-(RAb/Al)pj]/(R/Al)pj按照修正值校正軸面流線位置及其相應(yīng)的等勢(shì)線從而得到第二次近似軸面流網(wǎng)，重復(fù)上述計(jì)算直至符合要求為止。對(duì)各等勢(shì)線組分別檢查軸面流線位置的正確性。一般要求偏差不大于3~4%。按照要求的計(jì)算方法，經(jīng)過(guò)檢查調(diào)整后，得到如下表所示數(shù)據(jù):等勢(shì)線aL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5結(jié)果△b94.0324100.0627107.344122.5348合格rm852.4584841.9001825.4257811.0093△L24.279425.565625.769530.2062const3301.5113295.1623438.3483289.949av%-0.00893-0.010830.032152-0.0124等勢(shì)線bL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b68.897985.7909115.6538180.2341rm736.0266706.2705657.4351600.9242△L12.992616.054920.125628.2585const3903.0443774.0243778.0173832.724av%0.021217-0.01254-0.01150.002818等勢(shì)線cL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格△b59.639179.0054119.2761219.7517rm688.404646.5363578.6249474.8296△L8.42510.527814.230721.4223const4873.0914851.9024849.8054870.841av%0.002403-0.00196-0.002390.00194等勢(shì)線dL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5△b55.021777.4432122.8168245.9905合格rm659.8077604.8846520.4435370.2288△L9.367311.897216.538824.625const3875.5823937.4143864.8033698.387av%0.0082040.0242890.0054-0.03789等勢(shì)線eL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5△b57.46681.8165126.5925256.8823rm640.1406573.3612477.3586305.174

AL12.708415.811520.794127.4835合格const2894.6462966.8542906.1142852.395av%-0.003560.0212910.000383-0.01811等勢(shì)線fL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格Ab70.841889.0267127.0214287.8584rm635.7207556.2793450.2141254.2829AL10.382511.775313.164917.4483const23370.3523078.9323081.5922946.45av%0.020514-0.0033-0.00308-0.01413等勢(shì)線gL1-L2L2-L3L3-L4L4-L5合格Ab87.4199107.8728140.361358.1649rm650.4212552.9689428.8644179.6206AL30.933334.070734.696734.9616const1838.1411750.781734.9151840.127av%0.026326-0.02245-0.031310.027435校驗(yàn)結(jié)果如圖:L5L4L3L2L1計(jì)算軸面流速流網(wǎng)經(jīng)過(guò)修正以后，按照下式計(jì)算軸面速度Q

△①=死Mbm△①V=_

mALm可得到計(jì)算結(jié)果如下表所示:L1△L(mm)VmL4△L(mm)Vma141.78246.194031a179.93564.970682b253.987410.80095b374.80964.931733c293.929913.10336c483.27125.575251d324.38913.97292d585.8716.089185e363.682514.63861e689.54276.603748f417.618711.92836f793.50497.423035g745.57069.166396g1174.6447.42544L2△L(mm)VmL5△L(mm)Vma148.34095.905123a187.35714.689891b274.763310.11541b406.73264.241393c335.767211.36725c581.51244.121048d387.644712.53047d769.45943.813528e450.941312.53622e904.96415.179342f514.750611.49508f1021.1276.129184g851.1918.244084g1557.0357.410206L3△L(mm)Vma162.81295.664266b321.29537.248017c400.32717.782522d473.78638.542622e556.05069.930364f635.02969.118206g989.21097.886456

進(jìn)出口三角形計(jì)算及繪制5.1確定進(jìn)出口邊位置1)參照《水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》的轉(zhuǎn)輪流道尺寸確定葉片進(jìn)出口位置。5.2確定葉片進(jìn)出口速度矩分布取進(jìn)出口速度矩關(guān)系為：CCuR)2=3%(q&)1，并取4=92%根據(jù)已知數(shù)據(jù)及Vm=f(L)關(guān)系表利用公式得下表進(jìn)出口的軸面速度。數(shù)據(jù)如下表所示：進(jìn)口邊r1Vm1VU1U1B1B2eL1671.9514.5013.8723.4556.558.5L2623.4012.9014.9521.7662.264.2L3571.998.6016.3019.9666.768.7L4542.855.5017.1718.9571.973.9L5528.004.1017.6518.437981出口邊r2Vm2VU2U2B1B2eL1682.0010.700.4123.8024.626.6L2596.829.500.4720.832527L3494.788.300.5717.2726.428.4L4381.407.500.7313.3130.832.8L5276.003.801.019.6323.825.8進(jìn)出口速度三角形繪制，如附圖一所示（按自上而下順序?yàn)長(zhǎng)1-L5,左側(cè)為進(jìn)口速度三角形，右側(cè)為出口速度三角形）經(jīng)過(guò)速度三角形的繪制后，得出葉片進(jìn)口和出口處的相對(duì)液流角，通常加2°沖角，便得到葉片的進(jìn)、出口安放角。6.利用BladeGen生成葉片6.1軸面投影的生成在autoCAD中的軸面圖上取若干點(diǎn)，以確定BladeGen中所生成的軸面相應(yīng)控制點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)值，從而生成與autoCAD中相一致的軸面圖，6.2確定進(jìn)出口安放角的分布規(guī)律在完成軸面圖的繪制后，我們需要確定每條流線上隨流線變化的葉片安放角的分布。首先需要將軟件默認(rèn)的定義改為在設(shè)計(jì)中，我們使用的安放角定義，然后先使用“EndAngleDefinition”模式，確定好葉片進(jìn)口和出口的安放角值。然后在“BetaDefinition"模式下，通過(guò)足夠控制點(diǎn)的樣條曲線，把安放角的分布規(guī)律調(diào)整為經(jīng)驗(yàn)上較好的分布形式。6.3葉片的加厚利用NACA翼型來(lái)確定葉片的厚度，下圖所示為上冠流線上的厚度分布曲線。11■1■iiii■■11■11111■.____-￡_■__J___—____x■■___L——__J____■___L——__j■_______l___—j■___J_____L___—X—___j_____L___?X—_11111IIII1111111111111111IIII111111111111_.__Ji_||_JiLJ1J1_._■■i■■i■■■■■■■■ii■i■■11"11IIII11111111111''1-!■...,.|°=1'1=1''1-i=11*1T'1'"11??*'uCS''A1'■I?■II!1II1I■t~■TKT-w--i--vj---■-■-■a-j-rj□~*i~t~[一一.辛r”?'?■??4111111'?AWT----111r-r——-3*■?=>?-.TfilT.------~rT-1rT_■■?j}iiiiiiiiiiii''-r----ft_iiiin*'''■''''1'''■'''11-■■--■J■'-'!,!!.!!.!!、'''T11-i1<1131■11jii11i.■1_JLX____J_1_|||_J_1_L_JJL_XJLX___11111IIII11111111111_A_■___i____._x—B__J_____i_■___l——__J■____>_____L——■_j■____>_____l____J■___j_____i_____x—___j_____i_____x_■_11111II11111111111111_.__J|Li■■■■■■■■■■■■■■i■■■■■J.____JL.__-1J_i_____L?.I_.__i_.?__L?.,J=.._i_.__L_.J..JL?.J.[.…IIillillIIillIIIliii■iiiiii■iiii；iiii■■>-r--1rr~-■11tt11111iiii11111i1111111111iiii11111111111■—t—■—-1—■-----—_t—■——