巖土英文詞匯

一.

綜合類

1.geotechnical

engineering巖土工程

2.foundation

engineering基礎(chǔ)工程

3.soil,

earth土

4.soil

mechanics土力學(xué)

cyclic

loading周期荷載

unloading卸載

reloading再加載

viscoelastic

foundation粘彈性地基

viscous

damping粘滯阻尼

shear

modulus剪切模量

5.soil

dynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)

6.stress

path應(yīng)力路徑

7.numerical

geotechanics

數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)

二.

土的分類

1.residual

soil殘積土

groundwater

level地下水位

2.groundwater

地下水

groundwater

table地下水位

3.clay

minerals粘土礦物

4.secondary

minerals次生礦物

5.landslides滑坡

6.bore

hole

columnar

section鉆孔柱狀圖

7.engineering

geologic

investigation工程地質(zhì)勘察

8.boulder漂石

9.cobble卵石

10.gravel砂石

11.gravelly

sand礫砂

12.coarse

sand粗砂

13.medium

sand中砂

14.fine

sand細(xì)砂

15.silty

sand粉土

16.clayey

soil粘性土

17.clay粘土

18.silty

clay粉質(zhì)粘土

19.silt粉土

20.sandy

silt砂質(zhì)粉土

21.clayey

silt粘質(zhì)粉土

22.saturated

soil飽和土

23.unsaturated

soil非飽和土

24.fill

(soil)填土

25.overconsolidated

soil超固結(jié)土

26.normally

consolidated

soil正常固結(jié)土

27.underconsolidated

soil欠固結(jié)土

28.zonal

soil區(qū)域性土

29.soft

clay軟粘土

30.expansive

(swelling)

soil膨脹土

31.peat泥炭

32.loess黃土

33.frozen

soil凍土

三.

土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)

1.cc

compression

index

2.cu

undrained

shear

strength

3.cu/p0

ratio

of

undrained

strength

cu

to

effective

overburden

stress

p0

(cu/p0)NC

,(cu/p0)oc

subscripts

NC

and

OC

designated

normally

consolidated

and

overconsolidated,

respectively

4.cvane

cohesive

strength

from

vane

test

5.e0

natural

void

ratio

6.Ip

plasticity

index

7.K0

coefficient

of

“at-rest

”pressure

,for

total

stressesσ1

andσ2

8.K0’

domain

for

effective

stressesσ1

‘

andσ2’

9.K0n

K0

for

normally

consolidated

state

10.K0u

K0

coefficient

under

rapid

continuous

loading

,simulating

instantaneous

loading

or

an

undrained

condition

11.K0d

K0

coefficient

under

cyclic

loading(frequency

less

than

1Hz),as

a

pseudo-

dynamic

test

for

K0

coefficient

12.kh

,kv

permeability

in

horizontal

and

vertical

directions,

respectively

13.N

blow

count,

standard

penetration

test

14.OCR

over-consolidation

ratio

15.pc

preconsolidation

pressure

,from

oedemeter

test

16.p0

effective

overburden

pressure

17.p

s

specific

cone

penetration

resistance,

from

static

cone

test

18.qu

unconfined

compressive

strength

19.U,

Um

degree

of

consolidation

,subscript

m

denotes

mean

value

of

a

specimen

20.u

,ub

,um

pore

(water)

pressure,

subscripts

b

and

m

denote

bottom

of

specimen

and

mean

value,

respectively

21.w0

wL

wp

natural

water

content,

liquid

and

plastic

limits,

respectively

22.σ1,σ2

principal

stresses,

σ1

‘

andσ2’

denote

effective

principal

stresses

23.Atterberg

limits阿太堡界限

24.degree

of

saturation飽和度

25.dry

unit

weight干重度

26.moist

unit

weight濕重度

27.saturated

unit

weight飽和重度

28.effective

unit

weight有效重度

29.density密度

30.compactness密實(shí)度

31.maximum

dry

density最大干密度

32.optimum

water

content最優(yōu)含水量

33.three

phase

diagram三相圖

34.tri-phase

soil三相土

35.soil

fraction粒組

36.sieve

analysis篩分

37.hydrometer

analysis比重計(jì)分析

38.uniformity

coefficient不均勻系數(shù)

39.coefficient

of

gradation級(jí)配系數(shù)

40.fine-grained

soil(silty

and

clayey)細(xì)粒土

41.coarse-

grained

soil(gravelly

and

sandy)粗粒土

42.Unified

soil

classification

system土的統(tǒng)一分類系統(tǒng)

43.ASCE=American

Society

of

Civil

Engineer美國(guó)土木工程師學(xué)會(huì)

44.AASHTO=

American

Association

State

Highway

Officials美國(guó)州公路官員協(xié)會(huì)

45.ISSMGE=International

Society

for

Soil

Mechanics

and

Geotechnical

Engineering

國(guó)際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會(huì)

四.

滲透性和滲流

1.Darcy’s

law

達(dá)西定律

2.piping管涌

3.flowing

soil流土

4.sand

boiling砂沸

5.flow

net流網(wǎng)

6.seepage滲透（流）

7.leakage滲流

8.seepage

pressure滲透壓力

9.permeability滲透性

10.seepage

force滲透力

11.hydraulic

gradient水力梯度

12.coefficient

of

permeability滲透系數(shù)

五.

地基應(yīng)力和變形

1.soft

soil軟土

2.(negative)

skin

friction

of

driven

pile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力

3.effective

stress有效應(yīng)力

4.total

stress總應(yīng)力

5.field

vane

shear

strength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度

6.low

activity低活性

7.sensitivity靈敏度

8.triaxial

test三軸試驗(yàn)

9.foundation

design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)

10.recompaction再壓縮

11.bearing

capacity承載力

12.soil

mass土體

13.contact

stress

(pressure)接觸應(yīng)力（壓力）

14.concentrated

load集中荷載

15.a

semi-infinite

elastic

solid半無(wú)限彈性體

16.homogeneous均質(zhì)

17.isotropic各向同性

18.strip

footing條基

19.square

spread

footing方形獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)

20.underlying

soil

(stratum

,strata)下臥層（土）

21.dead

load

=sustained

load恒載

持續(xù)荷載

22.live

load活載

23.short

–term

transient

load短期瞬時(shí)荷載

24.long-term

transient

load長(zhǎng)期荷載

25.reduced

load折算荷載

26.settlement沉降

27.deformation變形

28.casing套管

29.dike=dyke堤（防）

30.clay

fraction粘粒粒組

31.physical

properties物理性質(zhì)

32.subgrade路基

33.well-graded

soil級(jí)配良好土

34.poorly-graded

soil級(jí)配不良土

35.normal

stresses正應(yīng)力

36.shear

stresses剪應(yīng)力

37.principal

plane主平面

38.major

(intermediate,

minor)

principal

stress最大（中、最小）主應(yīng)力

39.Mohr-Coulomb

failure

condition摩爾-庫(kù)侖破壞條件

40.FEM=finite

element

method有限元法

41.limit

equilibrium

method極限平衡法

42.pore

water

pressure孔隙水壓力

43.preconsolidation

pressure先期固結(jié)壓力

44.modulus

of

compressibility壓縮模量

45.coefficent

of

compressibility壓縮系數(shù)

46.compression

index壓縮指數(shù)

47.swelling

index回彈指數(shù)

48.geostatic

stress自重應(yīng)力

49.additional

stress附加應(yīng)力

50.total

stress總應(yīng)力

51.final

settlement最終沉降

52.slip

line滑動(dòng)線

六.

基坑開挖與降水

1

excavation開挖（挖方）

2

dewatering（基坑）降水

3

failure

of

foundation基坑失穩(wěn)

4

bracing

of

foundation

pit基坑圍護(hù)

5

bottom

heave=basal

heave

（基坑）底隆起

6

retaining

wall擋土墻

7

pore-pressure

distribution孔壓分布

8

dewatering

method降低地下水位法

9

well

point

system井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)（輕型）

10

deep

well

point深井點(diǎn)

11

vacuum

well

point真空井點(diǎn)

12

braced

cuts支撐圍護(hù)

13

braced

excavation支撐開挖

14

braced

sheeting支撐擋板

七.

深基礎(chǔ)--deep

foundation

1.pile

foundation樁基礎(chǔ)

1)cast

–in-place灌注樁

diving

casting

cast-in-place

pile沉管灌注樁

bored

pile鉆孔樁

special-shaped

cast-in-place

pile機(jī)控異型灌注樁

piles

set

into

rock嵌巖灌注樁

rammed

bulb

pile夯擴(kuò)樁

2)belled

pier

foundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)

drilled-pier

foundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩

under-reamed

bored

pier

3)precast

concrete

pile預(yù)制混凝土樁

4)steel

pile鋼樁

steel

pipe

pile鋼管樁

steel

sheet

pile鋼板樁

5)prestressed

concrete

pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁

prestressed

concrete

pipe

pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁

2.caisson

foundation沉井（箱）

3.diaphragm

wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻

4.friction

pile摩擦樁

5.end-bearing

pile端承樁

6.shaft豎井；樁身

7.wave

equation

analysis波動(dòng)方程分析

8.pile

caps承臺(tái)（樁帽）

9.bearing

capacity

of

single

pile單樁承載力

10.lateral

pile

load

test單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn)

11.ultimate

lateral

resistance

of

single

pile單樁橫向極限承載力

12.static

load

test

of

pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗(yàn)

13.vertical

allowable

load

capacity單樁豎向容許承載力

14.low

pile

cap低樁承臺(tái)

15.high-rise

pile

cap高樁承臺(tái)

16.vertical

ultimate

uplift

resistance

of

single

pile單樁抗拔極限承載力

17.silent

piling靜力壓樁

18.uplift

pile抗拔樁

19.anti-slide

pile抗滑樁

20.pile

groups群樁

21.efficiency

factor

of

pile

groups群樁效率系數(shù)（η）

22.efficiency

of

pile

groups群樁效應(yīng)

23.dynamic

pile

testing樁基動(dòng)測(cè)技術(shù)

24.final

set最后貫入度

25.dynamic

load

test

of

pile樁動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)

26.pile

integrity

test樁的完整性試驗(yàn)

27.pile

head=butt樁頭

28.pile

tip=pile

point=pile

toe樁端（頭）

29.pile

spacing樁距

30.pile

plan樁位布置圖

31.arrangement

of

piles

=pile

layout樁的布置

32.group

action群樁作用

33.end

bearing=tip

resistance樁端阻

34.skin(side)

friction=shaft

resistance樁側(cè)阻

35.pile

cushion樁墊

36.pile

driving(by

vibration)

（振動(dòng)）打樁

37.pile

pulling

test拔樁試驗(yàn)

38.pile

shoe樁靴

39.pile

noise打樁噪音

40.pile

rig打樁機(jī)

八.

地基處理--ground

treatment

1.technical

code

for

ground

treatment

of

building建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范

2.cushion墊層法

3.preloading預(yù)壓法

4.dynamic

compaction強(qiáng)夯法

5.dynamic

compaction

replacement強(qiáng)夯置換法

6.vibroflotation

method振沖法

7.sand-gravel

pile砂石樁

8.gravel

pile(stone

column)碎石樁

9.cement-flyash-gravel

pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁

10.cement

mixing

method水泥土攪拌樁

11.cement

column水泥樁

12.lime

pile

(lime

column)石灰樁

13.jet

grouting高壓噴射注漿法

14.rammed-cement-soil

pile夯實(shí)水泥土樁法

15.lime-soil

compaction

pile

灰土擠密樁

lime-soil

compacted

column灰土擠密樁

lime

soil

pile灰土擠密樁

16.chemical

stabilization化學(xué)加固法

17.surface

compaction表層壓實(shí)法

18.surcharge

preloading超載預(yù)壓法

19.vacuum

preloading真空預(yù)壓法

20.sand

wick袋裝砂井

21.geofabric

,geotextile土工織物

22.composite

foundation復(fù)合地基

23.reinforcement

method加筋法

24.dewatering

method降低地下水固結(jié)法

25.freezing

and

heating冷熱處理法

26.expansive

ground

treatment膨脹土地基處理

27.ground

treatment

in

mountain

area山區(qū)地基處理

28.collapsible

loess

treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理

29.artificial

foundation人工地基

30.natural

foundation天然地基

31.pillow褥墊

32.soft

clay

ground軟土地基

33.sand

drain砂井

34.root

pile樹根樁

35.plastic

drain塑料排水帶

36.replacement

ratio（復(fù)合地基）置換率

九.

固結(jié)consolidation

1.Terzzaghi’s

consolidation

theory太沙基固結(jié)理論

2.Barraon’s

consolidation

theory巴隆固結(jié)理論

3.Biot’s

consolidation

theory比奧固結(jié)理論

4.over

consolidation

ration

(OCR)超固結(jié)比

5.overconsolidation

soil超固結(jié)土

6.excess

pore

water

pressure超孔壓力

7.multi-dimensional

consolidation多維固結(jié)

8.one-dimensional

consolidation一維固結(jié)

9.primary

consolidation主固結(jié)

10.secondary

consolidation次固結(jié)

11.degree

of

consolidation固結(jié)度

12.consolidation

test固結(jié)試驗(yàn)

13.consolidation

curve固結(jié)曲線

14.time

factor

Tv時(shí)間因子

15.coefficient

of

consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)

16.preconsolidation

pressure前期固結(jié)壓力

17.principle

of

effective

stress有效應(yīng)力原理

18.consolidation

under

K0

condition

K0固結(jié)

十.

抗剪強(qiáng)度shear

strength

1.undrained

shear

strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度

2.residual

strength殘余強(qiáng)度

3.long-term

strength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度

4.peak

strength峰值強(qiáng)度

5.shear

strain

rate剪切應(yīng)變速率

6.dilatation剪脹

7.effective

stress

approach

of

shear

strength

剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法

8.total

stress

approach

of

shear

strength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法

9.Mohr-Coulomb

theory莫爾－庫(kù)侖理論

10.angle

of

internal

friction內(nèi)摩擦角

11.cohesion粘聚力

12.failure

criterion破壞準(zhǔn)則

13.vane

strength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度

14.unconfined

compression無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度

15.effective

stress

failure

envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線

16.effective

stress

strength

parameter有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)

十一.

本構(gòu)模型--constitutive

model

1.elastic

model彈性模型

2.nonlinear

elastic

model非線性彈性模型

3.elastoplastic

model彈塑性模型

4.viscoelastic

model粘彈性模型

5.boundary

surface

model邊界面模型

6.Duncan-Chang

model鄧肯－張模型

7.rigid

plastic

model剛塑性模型

8.cap

model蓋帽模型

9.work

softening加工軟化

10.work

hardening加工硬化

11.Cambridge

model劍橋模型

12.ideal

elastoplastic

model理想彈塑性模型

13.Mohr-Coulomb

yield

criterion莫爾－庫(kù)侖屈服準(zhǔn)則

14.yield

surface屈服面

15.elastic

half-space

foundation

model彈性半空間地基模型

16.elastic

modulus彈性模量

17.Winkler

foundation

model文克爾地基模型

十二.

地基承載力--bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil

1.punching

shear

failure沖剪破壞

2.general

shear

failure整體剪切破化

3.local

shear

failure局部剪切破壞

4.state

of

limit

equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)

5.critical

edge

pressure臨塑荷載

6.stability

of

foundation

soil地基穩(wěn)定性

7.ultimate

bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil地基極限承載力

8.allowable

bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil地基容許承載力

十三.

土壓力--earth

pressure

1.active

earth

pressure主動(dòng)土壓力

2.passive

earth

pressure被動(dòng)土壓力

3.earth

pressure

at

rest靜止土壓力

4.Coulomb’s

earth

pressure

theory庫(kù)侖土壓力理論

5.Rankine’s

earth

pressure

theory朗金土壓力理論

十四.

土坡穩(wěn)定分析--slope

stability

analysis

1.angle

of

repose休止角

2.Bishop

method畢肖普法

3.safety

factor

of

slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)

4.Fellenius

method

of

slices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分法

5.Swedish

circle

method瑞典圓弧滑動(dòng)法

6.slices

method條分法

十五.

擋土墻--retaining

wall

1.stability

of

retaining

wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性

2.foundation

wall基礎(chǔ)墻

3.counter

retaining

wall扶壁式擋土墻

4.cantilever

retaining

wall懸臂式擋土墻

5.cantilever

sheet

pile

wall懸臂式板樁墻

6.gravity

retaining

wall重力式擋土墻

7.anchored

plate

retaining

wall錨定板擋土墻

8.anchored

sheet

pile

wall錨定板板樁墻

十六.

板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物--sheet

pile

structure

1.steel

sheet

pile鋼板樁

2.reinforced

concrete

sheet

pile鋼筋混凝土板樁

3.steel

piles鋼樁

4.wooden

sheet

pile木板樁

5.timber

piles木樁

十七.

淺基礎(chǔ)--shallow

foundation

1.box

foundation箱型基礎(chǔ)

2.mat(raft)

foundation片筏基礎(chǔ)

3.strip

foundation條形基礎(chǔ)

4.spread

footing擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)

5.compensated

foundation補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ)

6.bearing

stratum持力層

7.rigid

foundation剛性基礎(chǔ)

8.flexible

foundation柔性基礎(chǔ)

9.embedded

depth

of

foundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度

10.net

foundation

pressure基底附加應(yīng)力

11.structure-foundation-soil

interaction

analysis上部結(jié)構(gòu)－基礎(chǔ)－地基共同作用分析

十八.

土的動(dòng)力性質(zhì)--dynamic

properties

of

soils

1.dynamic

strength

of

soils動(dòng)強(qiáng)度

2.wave

velocity

method波速法

3.material

damping材料阻尼

4.geometric

damping幾何阻尼

5.damping

ratio阻尼比

6.initial

liquefaction初始液化

7.natural

period

of

soil

site地基固有周期

8.dynamic

shear

modulus

of

soils動(dòng)剪切模量

9.dynamic

magnification

factor動(dòng)力放大因素

10.liquefaction

strength抗液化強(qiáng)度

11.dimensionless

frequency無(wú)量綱頻率

12.evaluation

of

liquefaction液化勢(shì)評(píng)價(jià)

13.stress

wave

in

soils土中應(yīng)力波

14.dynamic

settlement振陷（動(dòng)沉降）

十九.

動(dòng)力機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)

1.equivalent

lumped

parameter

method等效集總參數(shù)法

2.dynamic

subgrade

reaction

method動(dòng)基床反力法

3.vibration

isolation隔振

4.foundation

vibration基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)

5.elastic

half-space

theory

of

foundation

vibration基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)彈性半空間理論

6.allowable

amplitude

of

foundation基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)容許振幅

7.natural

frequency

of

foundation基礎(chǔ)自振頻率

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