2021-2022年云南省麗江市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2021-2022年云南省麗江市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Thepropertemperatureforstoringbooksis______.

2.

ThepopularityofGrandTheftAuto3willstimulateproducerstoinvestmoreviolentvideogamesbecausetheyare______________.

3.

OnthewaytoLochLomond,touristscanseelocalanimalslike______.

A.ordinarycattle

B.activegoats

C.recklesscattle

D.black-facedsheep

4.

TopeoplelivingintheArctic.themeltingofsomeglaciersmaypermitnewopportunitiesfor______.

5.

BeforeLyubomirskycarriedoutherownresearch,scientistsinvestigatedhappinessmainlythrough______.

6.Evenastheeconomyimproves,ajoblessexecutivemayfaceuptoayearormoreofunemployment.Thisisalotoftime,especiallyforhardcharginghigh-performerswhoarenotusedtohavinganyfreetime.Whilesomejobseekersspendhundreds—eventhousands--ofhoursdiscoveringdaytimetelevision,othersseemtothriveonactivitiesthatboosttheirprofessionalcareersorresolvefamilyissueswhentheyaren'tworking.

Havinganextendedperiodoffreetimeintheprimeofone'slifecaninfactbeauniqueopportunitytofocusonvolunteerservice,professionaleducationorpersonalgrowth.

CommunityInvolvement

ForLisaPerez,thewakeupcallwasburnedporkchops.Anexecutivewhopreviouslyhadn'tbeenparticularlyinterestedinhomeandhealthhadbecomeobsessedwithhomemakingduringastintofunemployment.

Sherealizedthatcleaningandorganizingherhomewasn'thelpingherjobsearch.Nevertheless,"Imadelistsof50thingstodoeveryday,"saysMs.Perez,apoliticalandpublic-relationsconsultantinScottsdale,Ariz."Myhousewasspotless,justsoI'dhavesomethingtodo."

Oneday,herboyfrienddidn'tarriveontimefordinnerbecausehehadtoworklate,andherporkchopswereruined.Shethrewafit."I'dneverbeenapersonlikethat,"shesays."SoIdecidedtostopfeelingsorryformyself,andgooutanddosomethingproductive."

Ms.Perez,35,resolvedtobecomeanactivevolunteerforthedurationofhersearch.Shegavehertimetoahealth-careconcern,ahousingprogramandapoliticalcampaign.

Theworkbolsteredherself-confidence."Volunteeringtakesthefocusoffofyou.Onethingyouhavethat'sstillvaluableisyourtime.And,ofcourse,youlearnthattherearethousandsofpeoplewithalifethat'smuchworsethanyours,"shesays.

Volunteerassignmentsarealsogreatwaystomeetpowerfulandwell-connectedpeople.Overasix-monthperiod,hervolunteeringevolvedintoworkingasapaidconsultantandthenasafull-timeemployee,ajobshestillholdstoday.Inall,shewasunemployedforeightmonths.

Beforeherjobloss,shethoughtshedidn'thavetimetovolunteerwhileworking."Now,eventhoughIhaveademandingjob,Istillvolunteer,becauseofwhatIgotoutofit,"saysMs.Perez.

ContinuingEducation

GeneBellavance,a36yearoldinformation-technologyprojectmanager,tookanotherrouteduringhisunemployment.WhenhewaslaidofffromasteelcompanynearCleveland,heknewhisimmediateprospectswerebleak.Heexpectedhissearchtotakeayear.Hefacedadecision:takeajobthatwouldsetbackhiscareerorholdoutforanofferhereallywanted.

Mr.Bellavanee,singleandvirtuallydebtfree,shiftedhisfinancesintosurvivalmode.Hecashedouthispension,soldhishouse,unloadedthingshedidn'tneedatgaragesales,andrentedanapartmentwitharoommate.Then,hesays,"IsignedupforeverybenefitIcouldfind."

Buthewasn'tjustwaitingouttheyear.Hespenttherestofhissearchupdatinghisskills,includingbecomingcertifiedinnewdatabaseandprojectmanagementsoftware."Youhavetoinvestinyourself,"Mr.Bellavancesays."Iestimatedwhattechnologywasgoingtobethemostbeneficialandchoseapplicationsthatweregoingtobepervasive,thatwererightformymarket,andthatweregoingtoensuretoppay."

InadditiontoincomefromtheoccasionalIT-consultingassignment,hereliedonacombinationofdisplaced-worker-retraininggrantsandunemploymentbenefits."Iwentoutandfoundtheclasses,submittedthepaperwork,anddealtwiththebureaucracy.Youhavetostayafterthem,keepingyourbenefitsmovingforward.It'suptoyoutomakeitworkwithyouroveralltransitionplan,"hesays.

Hisjobsearchwasonemonthshyofthe

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Someoftheoldpeoplewhoinjectfluvaccinesexperienceserioussideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

ThedistancetheFedExExpress'carrierscoveradayequalto______.

9.

JacquesDelorssuggestedeuroasthenameofthesinglecurrencyinEurope.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.BlowingHotandCold

Climatechangemaybeslowanduncertain,butthatisnoexcuseforinaction.Onereasonwhyuncertaintyoverclimatechangelookstobewithusforalongtimeisthattheoceans,whichabsorbcarbonfromtheatmosphere,actasatime-delaymechanism.Theirmassivethermalinertiameansthattheclimatesystemrespondsonlyveryslowly,tochangesinthecompositionoftheatmosphere.Anothercomplicationarisesfromtherelationshipbetweencarbondioxide(CO2),theprincipalgreenhousegas(GHG),andsulphurdioxide(SO2),andacommonpollutant.Effortstoreduceman-madeemissionsofGHGsbycuttingdownonfossil-fuelusewillreduceemissionsofboththegases.ThereductioninCO2willcutwarming,buttheconcurrent(同時發(fā)生的)SO2cutmaymaskthateffectbycontributingtothewarming.

Therearesomanysuchfuzzy(模糊的)factors—rangingfromaerosolparticlestocloudstocosmicradiation—thatwearelikelytoseedisruptionsoffamiliarclimatepatternsformanyyearswithoutknowingwhytheyarehappeningorwhattodoaboutthem.TomWigley,aleadingclimatescientistandmemberoftheUN'sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),goesfurther.HearguesinanexcellentbookpublishedbytheAspenInstitute,"USPoliciesonClimateChange:WhatNext?",thatwhateverpolicychangesgovernmentspursue,scientificuncertaintieswill"makeitdifficulttodetecttheeffectsofsuchchanges,probablyformanydecades."

Asevidence,hepointstothenegligibleshort-tomedium-termdifferenceintemperatureresultingfromanarrayofemission"pathways"onwhichtheworldcouldchoosetoembarkifitdecidedtotackleclimatechange.HeplotsvariousstrategiesforreducingGHGsthatwillleadinthenextcenturytothestabilizationofatmosphericconcentrationsofCO2at550partspermillion(ppm).Thatisroughlydoublethelevelwhichprevailedinpre-industrialtimes,andisoftensuggestedbyclimatescientistsasareasonabletarget.Butevenby2040,thetemperaturedifferencesbetweenthevariousoptionswillstillbetiny—andcertainlywithinthemagnitudeofnaturalclimaticvariance.Inshort,inanotherfourdecadeswewillprobablystillnotknowifwehaveover-orunder-shot.

Ignoranceisnotbliss

However,thatdoesnotmeanweknownothing.Wedoknow,forastart,thatthe"greenhouseeffect"isreal:withouttheheat-trappingeffectofwatervapor,CO2,methaneandothernaturallyoccurringGHGs,ourplanetwouldbealifeless30℃orsocolder.SomeoftheseGHGemissionsarecapturedandstoredby"sinks",suchastheoceans,forestsandagriculturalland,aspartofnature'scarboncycle.

Wealsoknowthatsincetheindustrialrevolutionbegan,mankind'sactionshavecontributedsignificantlytothatgreenhouseeffect.AtmosphericconcentrationsofGHGshaverisenfromaround280ppmtwocenturiesagotoaround370ppmtoday,thankschieflytomankind'suseoffossilfuelsand,toalesserdegree,todeforestationandotherland-usechanges.Bothsurfacetemperaturesandsealevelshavebeenrisingforsometime.

Therearegoodreasonstothinktemperatureswillcontinuerising.TheIPCChasestimatedalikelyrangeforthatincreaseof1.4℃-5.8℃overthenextcentury,althoughthelowerendofthatrangeismorelikely.Sincewhatmattersisnotjusttheabsolutetemperaturelevelbuttherateofchangeaswell,itmakessensetotrytoslowdowntheincrease.

Theworryisthatarapidriseintemperatureswouldleadtoclimatechangesthatcouldbedevastatingformany(thoughnotall)partsoftheworld.CentralAmerica,mostofAfrica,muchofsouthAsiaandnorthernChinacouldallbehitbydroughts,stormsandfloodsandotherwisemademiserable.

Thecolderpartsoftheworldmaybenefitfromwarming,buttheytoofacedanger.Oneistheconceivab

A.YB.NC.NG

11.Topreventsmallcasesoffraud,Ms.Coenenadvicesemployerstotellemployeeswhatbehavioursareunacceptedwitha______.

12.What'stherightactivityforme?

Whoeveryouare,there'sanactivityforyou.Andjustasgettingfitterdoesn'thavetomeanpushingyourselftothelimitsofyourendurance,youdon'thavetobetechnicallybrilliantataparticularsporttoderivepleasureandhealthbenefitsfromit.

Somepeopleholdbackfromgettingfitbecausetheyfeelself-consciousabouttheirabilityorbodyandwanttofindanactivitytheycandoontheirown,butorganizedclassesandsportsclubscanprovideyouwithsupportandmotivation,aswellasachancetomakenewfriends.

Ifyou'reinterestedinfootball,hockeyorotherteamsports,forexample,manylocalclubswillhaveseveralteamsofvaryingabilities,whilethereareplentyofaerobics(有氧健身)oryogaclassesspecificallydesignedtocaterforbeginners.

You'renevertoooldtolearntoswim,oryoucantakeclassestoimproveyourtechniqueifthat'swhat'sholdingyouback.

Butmanyactivitiescanbedonebyyourself,andrequireneithertechnicalexpertisenormuchinthewayofequipmentorexpensjustyourwillingnesstogiveitago.

Herearesomeofthebest,easiestandmostpopularwaystostartgettingfit,aswellassomesuggestionsforalternatives,thatgetyoustartedorputyouintouchwithalocalclub.

Walking

Mostofuswalkatsomepointeachdaybutwedoitfarlessthanweusedto.Thegovernmentcalculatesthere'sbeenadeclineofmorethan20percentinthenumberofmileswalkedsincethemid-1980s.

Butwalkingisthesimplestandcheapestofallexercises,andmakingitaregularactivityandfocusingontheintensityordistancecoveredcangreatlyiflcreaseyourfitness.

Walkingimprovestheconditionofyourheartandlungsandworksthemusclesofthelowerbody.It'saweight-bearingactivity,soitmayimprovebonedensity,yetit'salsolowimpact,puttinglessstressonthejointsthansomeotherformsofexercise.

Asidefromthehealthbenefitsofwalking,someofthecountry'smostbeautifulscenerycanonlybeaccessedonfoot,soifyoudon'ttrywalking,thinkwhatyou'redenyingyourself.Ifyou'reanovice,goingroupsoraspartofanorganizedoutingviaaramblersclub.

Walkinguphillsexpendsmoreenergyevenwalkingdownagainusesmoreenergythanwalkingontheflat,butifyoudon'tthinkyou'rereadyforthehillsyet.boostyourfitnessbywalkingjustaboutanywhere.

Youcouldtrypowerwalkinginthepark.Forexample：theideaistowalkatsuchafastpacethatitwouldactuallybeeasiertobrcakintoarun.Youburnmorecalorieswalkingatthisspeedthanyouwouldrunningatthesamepace.

Running/jogging

Runningmightjustbetheultimatewaytogetfit：it'scheap,canbedoneanywhere,atanytimeand,mostimportantly,isveryeffective.There'sreallynodifferencebetweenrunningandjogging,althoughjoggingisoftenusedtodescriberunningataslowpace.Whateveryoucallit,allyouneedisagoodpairofrunningshoesandalittleenthusiasm.

Aslongasyou'rehealthyandtakeiteasytostartwith,anyonecanrun.Ifyouhaveahistoryofcertaindiseaseslikechestpain.highbloodpressure,orhavehadrecentsurgeryorarepregnant,consultadoctorfirst.Asahigh-impactactivity,runningmaymaintainorincreasebonedensity.Butitcanalsoputmorestressonyourjointsthanlowerimpactactivitiessuchaswalkingandcycling,especiallyifyou'reoverweight.Again,ifyou'reconcerned,consultyourdoctor.

Aswithallexercise,youmustwarmupfirst.Startbywalkingatabriskpace,thengraduallybreakintoaslowjog.Runatapaceatwhichyoucanstillholdaconversation,butwhichdefinitelyfeelsharderthanwalking.Ifyou'regettingtoobre

A.offerreadersinformationaboutsportsactivities

B.persuadereaderstotrycheapwaysofexercise

C.attractpotentialathletestoregisterforsportsevents

D.askpeopletodonateinordertodeveloppublicsports

13.ContrarytotheopeningupofFacebook,theThunderbirdcanmakeusersminimize______.

14.

Aswearestillignorantofmillionsofuniquelifeformsintherainforest,deforestationcanbecomparedtothedestructionof______.

15.

Wheelsworkwellonflatsurfaces,butare______.

16.

Moneylaunderingexistsmainlybecauseofthecorruptionofofficialsinthegovernment.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Thedemandforgoodsdependstotallyonthepriceofdemandedgoods.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Thetwopollutantsthatcauseaciddepositionare______andnitrogenoxides(NOx).

19.

Weworkoutabudgetsoasto______.

A.avoidunnecessaryspending

B.buythefavoriteDVD

C.earnmorecredits

D.spendfreelyonfavoritethings

20.

Theauthordoesanassessmentofallhigh-riskurbanareasintheU.S.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(35)

A.TootherEuropeancountries.

B.Totheremoteareasandsuburbs.

C.Tothenaturalparksforbirds.

D.Backtotheirnests.

22.(24)

A.Ananalysisofearlypresidentialelections.

B.Acomparisonofpoliticaljournals.

C.Theuseofcomputersincalculatingelectionresults.

D.Theimpactoftelevisiononrecentpresidentialelections.

23.(14)

A.Saturdayafternoonwastheman'sbusyhours.

B.Mr.Smithisanoldfriendoftheman's.

C.Themanwon'tbeabletoenjoyalongsiesta.

D.Themanwillenjoyhimselfthatafternoon.

24.(31)

A.PeoplewholiveinAmazontribesdon'tthinkplantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramid,

B.PeoplewholiveinAmazontribesdon'tregardbotanyasaspecialbranchofknowledge.

C.PeoplewholiveinAmazontribesknowallthepropertiesofplainsinthejungle.

D.PeoplewholiveinAmazontribesgivesomespecialnamestobotany.

25.聽力原文：M:Maybeitwasn'tagoodideatotellMonicaaboutthesurprisepartyforCathythisweekend.

W:I'mnotworriedatall.Shepromisednottotellanyoneandshedoesn'tmakepromiseslightly.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(14)

A.Cathyalreadyknowsaboutthesurpriseparty.

B.MonicaandCathyarenotgoodfriends.

C.MonicawillprobablytellCathyabouttheparty.

D.Monicawon'ttellCathyabouttheparty.

26.聽力原文：M:Tommustbejokingwhenhesaidheplanstosellhisshopandgotomedicalschool.

W:Youarequiteright!He'sjustkidding]He'salsotoldmetimeandtimeagainhewishedtostudyforsomeprofessioninsteadofgoingintobusiness.

Q:WhatwillTomprobablydoaccordingtotheconversation?

(15)

A.Studyforsomeprofession.

B.Attendamedicalschool.

C.Stayinbusiness.

D.Sellhisshop.

27.聽力原文：M:Ifyouareinahurry,youcantakethesubway.Ifyouwanttogosightseeing,takeabus.

W:Actually,Idon'thavetobeattheconferencebeforenoon.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(15)

A.Hurrytotheconference.

B.Skiptheconference.

C.Takethesubway.

D.Takeabus.

28.聽力原文：M:Goodevening,MissMalinen.Won'tyousitdown?

W:Goodevening.Thankyou.

M:Now,InoticedvanlefttheHotelScandinaviain1980,andthenyouhadbeenworkinginamedium-sizerestaurantinFinlandforabout4years.WhatareyounowdoinginEngland?

W:I'mspendingafewmonthsbrushingupmyEnglishandgettingtoknowthecountrybetter.

M:AndyouwanttoworkinEnglandtoo,why?

W:I'mkeenongettingsomeexperienceabroad,andIlikeEnglandandEnglishpeople.

M:I'mtheRestaurantManagerandHeadWaiter,soyou'dbeworkingdirectlyunderme.You'dberesponsibleforbringinginthedishesfromthekitchen,servingthedrinks,andifnecessarylookingafterthebills.Soyou'dbekeptprettybusy.

W:I'musedtothat.Inmylastpositionwewerebusymostofthetime,especiallyinsummer.

M:Good.Now,isthereanythingyou'dliketoaskaboutthejob?

W:Well,theusualquestions,whatsortofsalarywereyouthinkingofpaying?

M:Wepayourwaitersfortypoundsaweek,andyouwouldgetyoureveningmealfree.

W:Isee.

M:Now,youmayhavewonderedwhyIaskedyouheresolateintheday.Thefactis,Iwouldliketoseeyouinaction,sotospeak.Wouldyoubewillingtoactasawaitressherethiseveningforhalf-an-hourorso?Ourfirstcustomerwillbecomingin,letmesee,inabouttenminutes'time.

W:Well,I'mfreethiseveningotherwise.

M:Good.Andinreturnperhapsyouwillhavedinnerwithus?Now,letmeshowyouthekitchenfirst.Thisway,please...

(23)

A.InHotelScandinavia.

B.Inamedium-sizerestaurantinFinland.

C.InarestaurantinEngland.

D.Intheman'shouse.

29.

【B5】

30.(47)

31.

【B7】

32.(19)

A.Uselesssoap.

B.Washoffthesoapmorethoroughly.

C.Useamoisturizingcream.

D.Switchbrandsofsoap.

33.聽力原文：M:Sinceit'stherushhour,let'staketilesubway.

W:OK.It'snotasdirectasthebus,butit'sfasterandtherewillbelesschanceofatrafficjam.

Q:Whydothemanandthewomandecidetotakethesubway?

(15)

A.It'slessexpensive.

B.It'smorecomfortable.

C.It'sfaster.

D.It'smoredirect.

34.(21)

A.Enteringalargecompanywithoutapplication,

B.Programminghumanfeelingsintomachines.

C.Decidingone'sbestpartnerthroughinternet.

D.Matchinguppeoplewithquestionnaires.

35.(22)

A.Thewaiter.B.Theclerk.C.Nobody.D.Thewomanherself.

36.聽力原文：Yearsagobeforetherewererefrigerators,anicehousewasabuildingusedforstoringice.Thefirsticehouseswereinthecellarsoffarmhouses.Piecesofice,mixedwithsnowandmeadowgrass,werepiledinwinterandkeptuntilthefollowingsummer.Soonfarmersbegantobuildseparatehousesforstoringice.Theseicehouseshaddoublewallswithhaystuffedbetweentokeepoutanyheat.Blocksoficewereputinsidetheicehouseandpackedwithstraworsawdust.

Wheredidtheicefortheseicehousescomefrom?Workerstookitfromafrozenpondorriver.Theysawedtheiceintoevenblocks.Thentheypulledtheiceblocksfromthewaterwithhooksandcarriedthemtotheicehousesonsleds.Specialtoolshelpedtheworkerscutandhandletheice.Iceaxeschoppedlargeholes!ntheice.Icesawscuttheiceintoevenblocks.Choppersloosenedtheseblocksfromoneanother.Icehooksfastenedthemselvesintothelargeblocks.Thentheycouldbecarriedoverthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.Tongswereusedtopickupthesmallerblocksofice.Shipscardediceallovertheworld.In1799thefirstboatloadintheUnitedStateswassentfromNewYorkCitytoicehousesinNewOrleans,Louisiana.AboatloadwassentfromBoston,Massachusetts,totheWestIndiestohelpfightyellowfeverin1805.IcemerchantsinBostonalsoshippedtonsoficefrompondsandriverstocitiesinEurope.

(30)

A.Separatehouseswerebuiltforstoringice.

B.Doublewallswerebuiltinicehousestokeepcool.

C.Blocksoficewerepackedwithweedinicehouses.

D.Icewasputintoicehousesinwinter.

37.

【B4】

38.聽力原文：Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomenttheairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymomentiswatchedonradarscreens.Airtrafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandwhentocomedown.Thetrafficcontrollersaroundthebusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Everysmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened.Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarrying69passengersandhadcomefrom.Toronto,theotherwascarrying176passengersfromChicago.Anairtrafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherighttoclimb,buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis.So,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane,thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.15secondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbyasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.

(30)

A.Badweather.

B.Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C.Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D.Crowdedairtraffic.

39.(45)

40.聽力原文：M:MorethanacolleaguecomplainsthatIsmellofgarlicforacoupleofdaysafterwe'vebeentotheItalianrestaurant.

W:Then,howabouttheKoreantoday?

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.They'llgototheItalianrestaurant.

B.They'llgototheKoreanrestaurant.

C.Theydecidenottoeatgarlicanymore.

D.They'llinvitetheman'scolleaguestohavesomeItalianfood.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Accordingtotheauthor,allthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

A.whatevervaluesourworldhasforusareimpartedbyourminds

B.ourfeelingsaboutexternalrealityflowfromwhatisobjective—outsidefactsintheenvironment

C.thereseemsnologicalwaytopredictourreactionstoagivensetofconditions

D.ouremotionsandpassionsaregiftsnowayofcontrollingorsummoningthem

42.WhatdoTimeWarnerandMatsushitahaveincommon?

A.TheybothbelongtoRupertMurdoch.

B.TheyarebothbigAmericanmediacorporations.

C.Theyarebothoutletofdifferingviewpointsandinnovativeideas.

D.Theybothownseveraldifferentbutrelatedmediabusinesses.

43.

Thenation'seconomicfocalpointwasnowfocusedontheimportanceof______.

44.

Whywouldanti-AIDSdrugsstopworking?

45.Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant—withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?

New"fakefat"productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminate.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients(營養(yǎng)物)andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(腸)"grab"moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattingacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokedown.Manufacturerssayit'stheabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,EandKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids(類胡蘿卜素),compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.

Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat______.

A.containsplentyofnutrients

B.rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

C.makesfoodseasilydigestible

D.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

46.Theterminvestmentportfolio(證卷投資組合)conjuresupvisionsofthetrulyrich--theRockefellers,theWalMartWaltons,BillGates.Buttoday,everyone--fromthePhiladelphiafirefighter,hispart-timereceptionistwifeandtheirthreechildren,tothesingleLosAngeleslawyer,startingoutonhisown--needsaportfolio.

Aportfolioissimplyacollectionoffinancialassets,itmayincluderealestate,rarestampsandcoins,preciousmetalsandevenartworks.Butthoseareforpeoplewithexpertise.Whatmostofusneedtoknowaboutarcstocks,bondsandcash(includingsuchcashequivalentsasmoneymarketfunds).

Howdoyoudecidewhatpartofyourportfolioshouldgotoeachofthebigthree?Beginbyurulerstandingthatstockspayhigherreturnsbutaremorerisky;bondsandcashpaylowerreturnsbutarelessrisky.

ReachbyIbbotsonAssociates,forexample,showsthatlargecompanystocks,onaverage,havereturned11.2percentannuallysince1926.Overthesameperiod,bycomparison,bondshavereturnedanannualaverageof5.3percentandcash,3.8percent.

Butshorttermriskisanothermatter.In1974,aone-year＄1000investmentinthestockmarketwouldhavedeclinedto＄735.

Withbonds,therearetwokindsofrisk:thattheborrowerwon'tpayyoubackandthatthemoneyyou'llgetwon'tbeworthverymuch.TheU.S.governmentstandsbehindtreasurybonds,sothecreditriskisalmostnil.Buttheinflationriskremains.Sayyoubuya＄1000bondmaturingintenyears.Ifinflationaveragesaboutsevenpercentoverthattime,thenthe＄1000youreceiveatmaturitycanonlybuy＄500worthoftoday'sgoods.

Withcash,theinflationriskislower,sinceoveralongperiodyoucankeeprollingoveryourCDseveryyear(ormoreoften).Ifinflationrises,interestratesrisetocompensate.

Asaresult,thesinglemostimportantruleinbuildingaportfolioisthis:Ifyoudon'tneedthemoneyforalongtime,thenputitintostocks.Ifyouneeditsoon,putitintobondsandcash.

Thispassageisintendedtogive'adviceon______.

A.howtoavoidinflationrisks

B.whatkindsofbondstobuy

C.howtogetrichbyinvest