英美社會(huì)與文化試題參考答案(僅供參考)

arethegeneralfeaturesofBritain`sindependentschools

AnindependentschoolintheUnitedKingdomisaschoolrelyinguponprivatesourcesforallofitsfunding,predominantlyintheformofschoolfees.InEnglandandWalesthetermpublicschoolisoftenusedtorefertowhatisnormallycalledinothercountriesa"private"school,atermwhichoriginallyreferredtothoseschoolsnamedinthePublicSchoolsAct1868.Theseschoolsthemselvestendtopreferthe

term"independentschool".

istheUnitedStatesregardedasa"meltingpot"anda"salad"

Themeltingpotisametaphorforaheterogeneoussocietybecomingmorehomogeneous,thedifferentelements"meltingtogether"intoaharmoniouswholewithacommonculture.ItisparticularlyusedtodescribetheassimilationofimmigrantstotheUnitedStates;themelting-togethermetaphorwasinusebythe1780s.

After1970thedesirabilityofassimilationandthemeltingpotmodelwaschallengedbyproponentsofmulticulturalism,whoassertthatculturaldifferenceswithinsocietyarevaluableandshouldbepreserved,proposingthealternativemetaphor

ofthesaladbowl–differentculturesmix,butremaindistinct.

didAmericachangeitspolicyandenterworldwartwo

BecausetheGreatDepressionleadaworldwidewarfarecrisis.ButinthefaceoftheWarfarecrisis，thethinkingofisolationismandanthropocentrismfilledthesocietyofAmerica,mostofAmericanpaynoattentiononthewarofothercountries.ItwasuntilMarchof1941whenthewarfarefowestEuropeisbecomeincandescenttheCapitolHilladopttheActofLease.ThismarkedUSwasnolongerneutralstatebutamemberofAllies.ThanthePearlHarborincidentfinallymadetheUnitedStates

enterTheWorldWarIIonthesideoftheAllies.

wereNixon'swell-knowncontributionsduringhispresidency

Nixonisnotedforhisdiplomaticforeignpolicy,especiallywiththeSovietUnionandChina,andhiseffortstoendtheVietnamWar.Heisalsonotedforhis

middle-of-the-roaddomesticpolicythatcombinedconservativerhetoricand,inmany

cases,liberalaction,asinhisenvironmentalpolicy.

Aspresident,Nixonimposedwageandpricecontrols,indexedSocialSecurityfor

inflation,andcreatedSupplementalSecurityIncome.Thenumberofpagesaddedto

theFederalRegistereachyeardoubledunderNixon.Headvocatedguncontrol,reduced

speedlimits,anderadicatedthelastremnantsofthegoldstandard.Nixoncreated

theEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandOccupationalSafetyandHealth

AdministrationandimplementedthePhiladelphiaPlan,thefirstsignificantfederal

affirmativeactionprogram.

wasthecauseoftheAmericancivilwar

1.EconomicandsocialdifferencesbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.

2.Statesversusfederalrights

3.ThefightbetweenSlaveandNon-SlaveStateProponents.

4.GrowthoftheAbolitionMovement.

5.TheelectionofAbrahamLincoln.

arethetwocharacteristicsoftheconstruction

theStatueofLibertyTheCapitol

arethequalificationsforasenatorandarepresentativerespectively

Senator:1)eachsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,2)musthavebeenacitizen

oftheUnitedStatesforatleastthepastnineyears,and3)mustbe(atthetime

oftheelection)aninhabitantofthestateheorsheseekstorepresent.

Eachrepresentativemust:(1)beatleasttwenty-fiveyearsold;(2)havebeena

citizenoftheUnitedStatesforthepastsevenyears;and(3)be(atthetimeof

theelection)aninhabitantofthestatetheyrepresent.

aretheMajorpowersofthesupremecourt

TheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesisthehighestjudicialbodyintheUnited

States,andleadsthefederaljudiciary.ItconsistsoftheChiefJusticeofthe

UnitedStatesandeightAssociateJustices,whoarenominatedbythePresidentandconfirmedwiththe"adviceandconsent"oftheSenate.Justicesserve"duringgoodBehaviour,"whichterminatesatdeath,resignation,retirement,orconvictiononimpeachment.TheCourtmeetsinWashington,.intheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtbuilding.TheSupremeCourtisprimarilyanappellatecourt,buthasoriginal

jurisdictioninasmallnumberofcases.

doesanAmericanuniversitychooseitsapplicants

Itwillthroughsomeaspects：transcript，academicperformance，extra-curricular

achievements，personnel，inherence，artisticskills

aretheoriginsofthanksgivingday

Thanksgiving,orThanksgivingDay,isatraditionalNorthAmericanholiday,whichisaformofharvestfestival.ThedateandwhereaboutsofthefirstThanksgivingcelebrationisatopicofmodestcontention,thoughtheearliestattestedThanksgivingcelebrationwasonSeptember8,1565inwhatisnowSaintAugustine,Florida.Despiteanyscholarlyresearchtothecontrary,however,thetraditional"firstThanksgiving"presentedbyChiefMassasoitisveneratedashavingoccurred

atthesiteofPlymouthPlantation,in1621.

istheessenceofAmericanpuritanism

1，puritanismisastrictreligiousdoctrine.

2,puritanismalsohaspracticalaspects.Puritanshavetoworkhard,andpreparefortheobstaclestheywillmeetintheirlife.

Americanpuritanismcontainsorigionalsin,predestination,totaldepravity，limited

atonementofGod'sgrace

isthelostgeneration

TheLostGenerationisatermusedtorefertoacollectivegroupofartistsandwriterswhosettledinEuropeinthewakeoftheFirstWorldWar.MembersoftheLostGenerationlivedinEuropeinthe1920sandearly1930s,andtheyhadaprofound

impactonsocietyandthearts.Thisgenerationisreferredtoas“l(fā)ost”notbecauseithasfadedfrommemory,butbecausetheindividualsintheLostGenerationoften

expressedasenseofemotionalconfusion,feelinglostintheirownsociety.

arethecharacteristicsofAmericanwritingduringtheromanticperiod

reactionagainstlogicandreason;antiscientificinitsbent;faithinsomethinginherentlygoodandtranscendentinthehumanspiritinnoneedofsalvation,butratherinneedofawakening..."

Inthisromanticperiod,writersputmoreemphasisonmoralenthusiasm,andtheirmasterpieceswerefullofpassion,emotion,fancyandimagination.Theyalsohadafaithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,theydisplayedpersonalities,expressfeelingsandideas,emphasizemen’srightsforfreedomandhappiness.

Fortheirparthumannatureisofgoodwill.Mencanlearntheworldthroughtheirownability,conscienceandintuition.Theromanticshowedadeepadmirationandlovefornature.TheypraisedAmerica’slandscapeofitsprimitiveforests,meadows,vastplains,seasandblueoceans.Thebeautyandperfectionofnaturecouldenablethemtohaveunutterablejoyandexuberance.Andnaturewasregardedasasourceofgoodnesswhileman’ssocietiesasourceofcorruption.WriterslikeFreneau,

CooperandBryanttookagreatinterestinexternalnatureintheirrespectiveworks.

thebackgroundfortheAmericancivilrightsmovement.

TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStateshasbeenalong,primarilynonviolentstruggletobringfullcivilrightsandequalityunderthelawtoprimarilyAfricanAmericancitizensofUnitedStates.Therehavebeenmanymovementsonbehalfofothergroupsinthe.overtime,butthetermisoftenusedtorefertothestrugglesbetween1955and1968toenddiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americansandtoendracialsegregation,especiallyinthe.South.SeeAfricanAmericanforinformationonhowvarioustermshavebeenusedatthattimeperiodforAfricanAmericans.

commentsonwomen'sliberationmovement.

Thechangeswomenworkedforincludedchangesineconomicpractices,suchasnot

onlyaskingequalwork,butalsoequalopportunityforjobsinfieldssuchasscience

andtechnology,management