2022-2023年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)烏海市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)

2022-2023年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)烏海市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions,on,AnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheEastIndiaCompany

TheconceptofcorporationswasfirstestablishedunderancientRomanlaw.Butitwasn'tuntilEnglandemergedfromtheMiddleAgesthatitcreatedwhatwerecognizeasthemoderncorporatestructure.ItallbeganonDec.31,1600,whenQueenElizabethIgrantedachartertotheBritishEastIndiaCorporation,namingthecorporation"TheGovernorandCompanyofMerchantsofLondon,tradingwiththeEastIndies".ThecorporationconductedbusinessintheEastIndies(landthatwenowconsiderIndiaandtheMiddleEast)attheorderofthequeen.

TheEastIndiaCompanyestablishedafewmajorprecedentsformoderncorporations.Butitalsoshapedtheworldincountlessotherways.WithboththefinancialandmilitarysupportoftheCrown,theEICservedasaninstrumentofimperialism(帝國主義)forEngland.Thecompanyhaditsownprivatearmyandraisedsoldiersintheareasitconquered.Itsexpansionismspurredseveralwarsthatproducedatleasttwosovereignnations.Amongitsmanyclaimstofame(andnotoriety),theEICindirectlybuiltYaleUniversity,helpedcreatetwonationsandwastheworld's1o~rgestdrug-dealingoperationinthe18thcentury.

Thecompanywasruthless(無情的)initsquestforprofits.ParliamentevencalledtheEICtyrannical(殘暴的).However,withouttheEIC,Englandmayhaveneverdevelopedintothenationitistoday.

TheCreationoftheEastIndiaCompany

WhentheBritishEastIndiaCompany(EIC)wasformedin1600,therewerealreadyotherEastIndiaCompaniesoperatingonbehalfofFrance,theNetherlands,SpainandPortugal.ThankstothenavalroutethatexplorerVascodaGamadiscovered,richesfromtheOrientwerepouringintoEurope.Withothernationsimportingfortunesingoodsandplunder,QueenElizabethdecidedEnglandshouldgetsome,too.SoshegrantedthecharterfortheEastIndiaCompany.

Thechartersheissuedcreatedthefirstofficialjoint-stockcorporation.Ajoint-stockcorporationiscomposedofinvestorswhoaregrantedsharesinacompany.InreturnfortheirinitialInvestments,shareholdersaregivendividends,orpercentages,ofthecompany'sprofitsbasedonthenumberofsharestheinvestorholds.

SharesanddividendswerenotnewConceptsin.England.TwentyyearspriortotheEIC'scharter,QueenElizabethwasalreadyamajorstakeholderInSirFrancisDrake'sship,theGoldenHind.Althoughit'snotcertainhowmuchshemadefromDrake'svoyagestotheNewWorld,thecaptainhimselfmadea5000percentreturnonhisinitialinvestment.

Soajoint-stockcorporationliketheoneQueenElizabethformedintheEastIndiaCompanywasn'tmuchofafinancialleap.Butitwasthefirstofitskind,andfollowingtheestablishmentoftheEIC,itsDutch,Frenchandothercompetitorsfollowedsuit.ButgrantingchartertotheEICwasn'ttheonlypartoftheprototypeformoderncorporationsthatQueenElizabethdevised.

Underthesupportofherroyalauthority,ElizabethalsolimitedtheliabilityoftheEIC'sinvestors-includinghers.Thismadethecompanytheworld'sfirstlimitedliabilitycorporation(abbreviatedasLLCintheUnitedStatesandLheUnitedKingdom).UnderanLLC,theinvestorsinacorporationaregrantedprotectionfromlosinganymoremoneythantheirinitialinvestmentsintheventure.Ifthecompanygoesunder,theinvestorsonlylosetheamo

A.fromearlyseventeenthcentury

B.fromtheMiddleAges

C.underancientRomanlaw

D.fromtheendingoftheindustrialrevolution

2.

In-negotiatingdivorce,mediatorisaskedtopromote______.

3.

WelearnfromthepassagethatconditionsfortheearlywhitestravelingtoAmericabyshipsweremuchbetterthan______.

4.

Childrenwhoaregoodatdealingwiththefrictionswiththeirbrothers/sisterswillresolvetheconflictwiththeirclassmateswell.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Domesaretheenvironment-friendlybuilding.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.AccordingtoNadine'scalculation,shecanpayoffallherdebtwhensheis______ifshecangetasalaryof＄120,000ayearfightoutoflawschool.

7.

Detractorsofculturalimperialismthinkthatculturaldominationendangers______.

8.

Howcanweknowwhetherourplannedretirementspendingwillwork?

A.Wecanusesomeon-lineretirementcalculators.

B.Wecanasksomepeoplewhohavealreadyretired.

C.Wecantrytolivebelowourmeans.

D.Wecanconductakindofexperimentofthatlife.

9.The"MountTrashmore"programhasbeenadoptedbymanyuniversities.

10.AccordingtoLegato,prescriptiondrugshaveplayedanimportantroleintheextensionoflifeexpectancysince______.

11.

Intheexperimenttherecruitersshouldsnaptheirfingerswhentheydecide______.

12.

Mostofthefoodsgrownandprocessedaccordingtothefederalstandardswillbeartheseal______.

13.ThePowerofWords:AdvertisingTricks

Theeffectthatwordscanhaveisincredible:toinform,persuade,hurtoreasepain,endwarorstartonekillingthousandsorevenmillionsofpeople.Theycangetyourpointacross,ordestroyanyhopeofyourideaseverbeingunderstood.Amajorelementofadvertisingisthewords,whichonesandinwhatorder.Thefollowingisseveralofthespecifictricksthatarecommonlyusedinadvertising.

Black/WhiteTrick

Theblack/white,oreither/or,trickismakingastatementthatprovidesinsufficientoptionstoyourargument."Loveitorleaveit"wasabigsloganofthe1960s,anditsoundslogical.Nevertheless,itprovidesnootherpossibleoptions,suchas"Loveit,ordon'tloveit,stayornot,youdon'thavetoagreewithmeifyoudon'twantto."

Thereasonthisfallacyisoftencalledtheblack/whitefallacyisthatitdeniesanyotherchoicesonanissueoridea.Usingitgivestheimpressionthateverythingcanbeseenintermsofyesorno,trueorfalse,onoroff,withnomaybesorbothtrueandfalsedependingoncircumstancesallowed.Thisfallacyisparticularlypopularandeffectiveinsloganslike"Loveitorleaveit","Ifyou'renotforme,you'reagainstme","Mycountry,rightorwrong".Notethatalloftheaboveactuallyhaveotheroptions,butthestatementsdonotallowforthem.

Acommonwayinwhichthistrickisusedinadvertisingisbypresentingtwosituations,onewiththeproductand'theotherwithout.Theonewiththeproductshowscircumstancesthattheadvertiserpresumesthetargetaudiencewouldliketobein,andviceversaforthesituationwithouttheproduct.Forexample,youhavetwogroupsofpeople:thefirstisyoung,beautiful,fit,happy,fun-lovingandactive;thesecondisold,ugly,miserable,andpassive.Thefirstusestheproduct;theseconddoesn't.Theassumptionisthatthepurchaseoftheproductmakesyouamemberofthefirst,thattheabsenceoftheproductmakesyouthesecond.Sincemostpeoplewouldratherbethefirst,andtheproductisapartofbeingthefirst,thenpeopleshouldbuytheproduct.Andtheydo.

GeneticFallacy

Thegeneticfallacymakesapredictionaboutsomethingbasedonwhereitcamefromoritsorigins.Forexample,saying"Hewouldn'tdothat--he'sfromagoodfamily"ismakingageneticfallacy."Youcan'texpectanybetterfromher--she'sfromtheslums"isalsousingageneticfallacy.Notethatinneithercaseisthereanyreferencetotheindividual'spersonalabilitiesorlackthereof;onlytowheretheycamefrom.Inadvertising,thisfallacyisusedoften:"Ifit'smadeby[company],itmustbegood"isanexample.

Weasel(含糊其辭的)Words

Weaselwordsarethosewordsthataretossedintoasentencethatchangetheactualmeaningofthesentencewhileleavinganimpressionthatisdifferent.It'stheeasiestwaytoavoidhavingtotakeanyresponsibilityforanythingyousay,orseemtosay.Forexample,thesentence"Ourcannedcornisasgoodasfreshcookedcorn".Theimpressiongivenisthatthecannedcornisasgood(whateverthatmeans)ascornonthecob(玉米穗軸)rightoffthestalk.However,thephrasecontainsaweaselword:"cooked".Thus,thesentenceactuallysaysthatthecannedcornisasgoodascornthathasbeencooked;nowyouneedtocookitagaintoserveit.Notethesentencedoesnotsaythatthecannedcornisasgoodasfreshcorn;it'sasgoodasfreshcookedcorn.

Afavoriteweaselwordisoneoftheshortest:if."Ifthewholewideworldcanenjoy[use,buy,desire,etc.][whatevertheproductis],thensocanyou"saysabsolutelynothingabouttheproduct,orevenifanyoneatallenjoys[uses,buys,desires,etc.]theproduct.Itsimplysays"if",appliedtoatotallyhypothetical,nonexistentstateofbeing.

Anothercommonwayo

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Becausemanyartists,writersandscientistshavesufferedfrommentalillness,somepeoplewonderiftheseillnesseslinkwith______.

15.

Studiesshowthatmusicfailstoactivatethepartsofthebrainthatproducehappiness.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Beingtiredisoneoftheclassicflusymptoms.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.WhodoesthewriterblameforthecollapseoftheNewfoundlandcodfishery?

A.TheUSfishingindustry.

B.TheCanadiangovernment.

C.Theforeignfishingindustry.

D.TheCanadianfishingindustry.

18.FoodsThatFightDisease

Withremarkableconsistency,recentresearchhasfoundthatadiethighinplant-basedfoods—fruits,vegetables,driedpeasandbeans,grains,andstarchystaplessuchaspotatoes—isthebody'sbestweaponinthwartingmanyhealthrelatedproblems.Thesefoodsworkagainstsomanydiseasesthatthesamehealthyingredientsyoumightusetoprotectyourheartorwardoffcancerwillalsobenefityourintestinaltractandbones.

Here'swhatiscurrentlyknownaboutthesedifferentdisease-fightingfoods.CancerFighters

Preventingcancerisacompellingreasontoleadupyourcartintheproducedepartment.Scientistshaverecentlyestimatedthatapproximately30to40percentofallcancerscouldbeavertedifpeopleatemorefruits,vegetables,andplantbasedfoodsandminimizedhigh-fat,high-calorieediblesthathavescantnutritionalvalue.Upto70percentofcancersmightbeeliminatedifpeoplealsostoppedsmoking,exercisedregularly,andcontrolledtheirweight.

Inthepast,researchershadlinkedfatconsumptionwiththedevelopmentofcancers,buttheycurrentlybelievethateatingfruits,vegetables,andgrainsmaybemoreimportantinpreventingthediseasethannoteatingfat."Theevidenceaboutahigh-fatdietandcancerseemedalotstrongerseveralyearsagothanitdoesnow,"saysMelaniePolk,aregistereddietitiananddirectorofnutritioneducationattheAmericanInstituteforCancerResearch.

Althoughscientistsarestillnotcertainaboutthespecifics,they'rebeginningtocloseinonthehealthfulconstituentsofplant-basedfoods.Inparticular,they'relookingcloselyattwocomponents—antioxidantsandphytochemicals.

Antioxidants.Theantioxidants(carotenoids,suchasbetacaroteneandlycopene,andvitaminsCandE)foundinfruits,vegetables,andotherplant-basedfoodsfightfreeradicals,whicharecompoundsinthebodythatattackanddestroycellmembranes.Theuncontrolledactivityoffreeradicalsisbelievedtocausemanycancers.

Thecarotenoids,inparticular,whichgivefruitsandvegetablestheirbrightyellow,orange,andredcolors,arenowgainingrecognitionfortheirnutritionalworth.Numerousstudieshaveextolledthevirtuesoflycopene(thecarotenoidthatmakestomatoesred)inpreventingprostatecancer.OnesuchstudyatHarvardUniversityfoundthatmenwhoincludetomatoproductsintheirmealstwiceaweekcouldreducetheirriskofdevelopingprostatecancerbyone-thirdcomparedwithmenwhonevertouchtomatoes.

Otherlycopene-richfoods,suchaswatermelon,redgrapefruit,andguava,arenowpiquingtheinterestofresearchers.Watermelonnotonlyyieldsmorelycopeneperserving(15mgin11/2cups)thanrawtomatoes(11mgper11/2cups),butit'salsoarichsourceofvitaminsAandC.

Canwatermelonhelpreducetheincidenceofcancer?Nooneknowsforsurebecausetherehaven'tbeensufficientstudies."Weassumethatwe'llseebenefits,"saysPenelopePerkins-Veazie,Ph.D.aresearchscientistwiththeUSDA'sAgriculturalResearchService.Researchersthereplantocomparepeoplewhoeatwatermelonwiththosewhoeatprocessedtomatoes-becausecookingenhanceslycopeneabsorption-toseewhichgroupabsorbsmorelycopene.(A11/2cupservingoftomatosaucepacks53mgoflycopene.)

Phytochemicals.Thephytochemicalspresentinfruitsandvegetablesprotectthebodybystuntingthegrowthofmalignantcells.Phytochemicals,naturallyoccurringsubstances,includeindoles([生化]吲哚)incabbageorcauliflower,sapenins([生化]皂角苷)inpeasandbeans,andisoflavones(異黃酮)insoymilkandtofu.Investigatorshaveonlyaninklingofhowmanyphytochemicalsexistandhowtheywork.Theyareconfident,however,thatyoucangetabasketfulofant-cancernutrientsbymixingandmatchingatleastfivese

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Ifagossipbringsgoodtothegossiping,thepeopleinvolvedarelikelytodevelop______.

20.Governmentinsuranceprogramsdonotinclude______.

A.Latinochildren

B.Hispanicpeople

C.low-incomeadults

D.undocumentedimmigrants

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(36)

A.Sheshouldfindagoodjob.

B.Sheshouldopenasmallrestaurant.

C.Sheshouldhavemorecontroloverherlife.

D.Sheshouldgetmarried.

22.(31)

A.Theychangedcolormorequickly.

B.Theydidnotchangecolor.

C.Theychangedcoloronthesameschedule.

D.Theychangedcolormoreslowly.

23.

【B5】

24.(24)

A.Invarioustents.

B.Inuniversitybuildings.

C.Inahospital.

D.Inanauditorium.

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:John!I'vedonemyjob!Iwasjustheadingdownstairsforacupofcoffee.Youwanttogo?It'smytreat.

M:Thisisthefirsttime!Youmusthavewonthelottery.

Q:Whataretheygoingtodo?

(12)

A.Theywillgoandbuycoffee.

B.Theywillgoandbuythelottery.

C.Theywillfinishthejob.

D.Theywillbeginwiththejob.

26.聽力原文：W:YouhadmetProfessorJohnsonbefore,right?Howwouldyoudescribehislectures?

M:Well,letmeputitthisway:Icouldneverstayawakeinoneofhisclasseswithoutfirstdrinkingatleasttwocupsofcoffee.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(13)

A.Helikedtodrinktwocupsofcoffeebeforetheprofessor'sclass.

B.Onecupofcoffeeisenoughforhimtokeepawakeintheclass.

C.Theprofessor'sclassisveryinteresting.

D.Theprofessor'sclassisveryboring.

27.(34)

A.Itmeansyouareinanothercountry.

B.Itmemosyouareinabadmood.

C.Itmeansyouhavemadeamistake.

D.Itmeansyouhavesometroubletohandle.

28.(17)

A.Sheisgoingtohavesomevisitorstonight.

B.Shedoesnotliketheirformerforeignteachers.

C.Sheisgoingtoseeherforeignteacherstonight.

D.Shehasalreadybeeninvitedtotheman'shouse.

29.(25)

A.It'srunbythegovernment.

B.Itappealstomostpeople.

C.Itoffersmuchchoice.

D.It'samonopoly.

30.

【B7】

31.(39)

32.

【B10】

33.(29)

A.Therewasalongintervalbetweencauseandeffect.

B.Theweatherwasdifficultforustoforecast.

C.Weatherforecastwasinaccurate.

D.Ecologistsdidn'tappearuntilmoderntimes.

34.(21)

A.Bydesk-topcomputerterminals.

B.Withthehelpofalibrarian.

C.Bytheoldcardcataloguesystem.

D.Bythemicrofiche.

35.(28)

A.Hestudiedcartooning.

B.Hestayedathome.

C.Hewentabroad.

D.Heworkedforacompany.

36.聽力原文：W:Idon'tthinkIcanhandleallofthesebooksforthiscourse.

M:Ifoundthatyoudon'thavetoreadthemthoroughly.Justskimthroughand{getthemajorpoints.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanfeelaboutherbooks?

(13)

A.Theyaretoomanyandshecan'treadthemall.

B.Theyaretoodifficultandcomplexforhertounderstand.

C.Shefeelstootiredtoreadanybooks.

D.Theyaretooheavyforhertocarry.

37.(35)

A.Theybecamemorepopular.

B.Theyweremoreregulated.

C.Theybecamelesshonest,

D.Theybecamebetterproduced.

38.

【B2】

39.

【B6】

40.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Manlivesincommunities.Hissocialexistencerestrictshis【B1】______incertaindirectionsandextendsitinothers.Society【B2】______onhimsomelimitations.Peopledonotallengageinthesameactivities.Theycanbe【B3】______fromeachotherbythefunctionstheyperform.Thisprocessofdifferentiationiscalledspecialization.Specializationpreventsmanymembersofanindustrialsocietyfromdevelopingintelligenceand【B4】______.Butsomeaspectsofhumansocietyextendthembeyondapointwhichcanbe【B5】______byanimalsoranimalcommunitieslackingthefeatureswhichhumansociety【B6】______possesses.

Western-type【B7】______oftenclaimthattheyprovide"equalityofopportunity"foralltheircitizens.Atfirstsightitmightseemthatthisimpliesthesamechanceforeveryoneofsucceedinginhis【B8】______occupationprovidedheisconsciousofhisgoalandiswillingtoworkhard.Whatthephraseactuallyimpliesissomethingratherdifferent—namelyacompetitivesituationinwhichthenumberofcompetitorsexceedsthenumberofrewards,【B9】______.However,itisonlyintheorythattheyallstartequal.Evenifthestateoffersthemfreeeducationandprotectsthemfromhungerorextremepoverty,【B10】______.Aprocessofinvisibleorhiddenselectiongoesonwhichhasverylittletodowith"equalityofopportunity"inanysense.Itisnottheindividualwhoselectshisjob;【B11】______.

【B1】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Definingthemeaningof"happiness"isaperplexingpropositionbecauseitisverydifficultto______.

42.Whatmaythefollowingparagraphtalkabout?

A.Stepstorestructurethegraduateeducationsystem.

B.Waystoabolishtenureandretainoutstandingteachers.

C.ThecontentofTheConflictoftheFaculties.

D.ThedevelopmentofWallStreetandDetroit.

43.Man,eveninthelowerstagesofdevelopment,possessesafacultywhich,forwantofabettername,IshallcallNumberSense.Thisfacultypermitshimtorecognizethatsomethinghaschangedinasmallcollectionwhen,withouthisdirectknowledge,anobjecthasbeenremovedfromoraddedtothecollection.

Numbersenseshouldnotbeconfusedwithcounting,whichinvolvesaratherintricatementalprocess.Counting,sofarasweknow,isanattributeexclusivelyhuman,whereassomeanimalspeciesseemtopossessanelementarynumbersensesimilartoourown.Atleast,suchistheopinionofcompetentobserversofanimalbehavior,andthetheoryissupportedbyaweightynassofevidence.

Manybirds,forinstance,possesssuchanumbersense,Ifanestcontainsfoureggs,onecansafelybetaken;butwhentwoareremoved,thebirdgenerallydeserts.Insomeunaccountablewaythebirdcandistinguishtwofromthree.Butthisfacultyisbynomeansconfinedtobirds,moststrikinginstanceweknowisthatoftheinsectcalledthe"solitarywasp."Themotherwasplayshereggsinindividualcellsandprovideseacheggwithanumberoflivecaterpillares(毛蟲)onwhichtheyoungfeedwhenhatched.Now,thenumberofvictimsisremarkablyconstantforagivenspeciesofwasp.Somespeciesprovide5,others,12,othersagainashighas24caterpillarspercell.ButmostremarkableisthecaseoftheGenusEumenus,avarietyinwhichthemaleismuchsmallerthanthefemale.Insomemysteriouswaythemotherknowswhethertheeggwillproduceamaleorafemalcanddividethequantityoffoodaccordingly;shedoesnotchangethespeciesorsizeoftheprey,butiftheeggismale,shesuppliesitwithfivevictims;iffemale,withteem.

Theregularityintheactionofthewaspmakesthislastcaselessconvincingthantheonewhichfollows.Heretheactionofthebirdseemstoborderontheconscious.

Alandownerwasdeterminedtoshootacrewwhichmadeitsnestinthewatchtowerofhisestate.Repeatedlyhetriedtosurprisethebird.Butinvain:attheapproachofmanthecrowwouldleaveitsnest.Fromadistanttreeitwouldwatchfullywaituntilthemanhadleftthetowerandthenreturntoitsnest.Onedaythelandownerhituponanidea:twomenenteredthetower,oneremainedwithin,theothercameoutandwenton.Butthebirdwasnotdeceived:itkeptawayuntilthemanwithincameout.Theexperimentwasrepeatedonthesucceedingdayswithtwo,three,thenfourmen,yetwithoutsuccess.Finally,fivemenweresent:asbefore,allenteredthetower,andoneremainedwhiletheotherfourcameoutandwentaway.Herethecrowlostcount.Unabletodistinguishbetweenfourandfive,itpromptlyreturnedtoitsnest.

Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A.man'selementarynumbersenseisfoundinlowerspecies

B.birdshavealimitednumbersense

C.animalscannotcount

D.numbersenseisaprimitiveform.ofcounting

44.SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobevotedonbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.ButitisnotfaroffthatofoneofthetennewmemberswhichjoinedonMay1st2004(Latvia),anditismuchthesameasthoseoftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcludedaccessiontalkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.

Furthermore,thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,"stunning".GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,arateofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomesclosetomatching.Turkey'sinflationratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountryreachedagreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,$10billioneconomicprogramthatwill,accordingtotheIMF'smanagingdirector,RodrigoRato,"helpTurkey...reduceinflationtowardsEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience(彈性)".

Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.Asrecentlyas2001,GDPfellbyover7%.Itfellbymorethan5%in1994,andbyjustunder5%in1999.Indeed,throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogramrecordingaviolentheartattack.Thisirregularityhasbeenoneofthemainreasons(alongwithredtapeandcorruption)whythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestment(asapercentageofGDP)islowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannualinflowshavescarcelyeverreached$1billion(whereasIrelandattractedover$25billionin2003,asdidBrazilineveryyearfrom1998to2000).

OnedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisduetodisappearonJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixnaughtswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira;oneunitofthelocalcurrencywillhenceforthbeworthwhatlmisnow--i.e.,aboutC0.53($0.70).

Goodswillhavetobepricedinboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,butforeignbankersandinvestorscanbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

Themoodoftheworkerswaspessimisticinthat______.

A.theirplantwouldgotobankruptcy

B.theywouldbeunemployedtemporarily

C.newmodelsandinvestmentwouldbringaboutjobscut

D.theyareconfrontingthethreatoflosingjobs

45.

Wearetoldthatahigh-techcashregisterisreallyjust______.

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

ThirtytwopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?

"Notso,"sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.

Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddleagedmanfalltothesidewalk.Ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacomafromdiabetes(糖尿病)?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isit"steampipes"?Orisitreallysmokefromatire?It'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.

Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.

Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested."Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests."Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthe"testingroom"andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbee