滬江新概念語法

附錄6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewentto金子。

school.0as引導(dǎo)定語從句

1.語法精粹

7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyouas引導(dǎo)的定語從句有兩種形式：

didn'tfinishitintime.A.引導(dǎo)限制性語從句。

第一章英語從句Subordination

8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.在此類定語從句中，as常與主語中作為其先行

英語從句主要有定語從句，狀語從句和名詞性

9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesus詞的such,thesame或as聯(lián)用構(gòu)成,”such...as","the

從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從

English.same...as”和“as...as”句型，可代替先行詞。

句）

10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,which例如:Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.

一.定語從句

childrenenjoy.我們希望得到他正在用的那種工具。

□定語從句：由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,

口只能用that和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句B.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，作用與which相

which;關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)。

A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行詞指同，as作為關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)主句。

（下面十個(gè)句子請讀5遍并脫口譯出?。?/p>

物時(shí)（這是語法考試的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)。）

1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohave

B.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，后面常跟［注意區(qū)別］:

diedduringtheweek.

that而不是which.as引導(dǎo)的從句用于句首、句中或句后，而which

2.Theman（whom）youspoketojustnowismy

C.先行詞前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,the引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能放在句首。

friend.

next,thevery等詞修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用thato例如：Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwill

3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.

D.當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,visitthecity.

4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivate

everybody,someone,somebody時(shí)，后面要用who或據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)外國代表團(tuán)將訪問這個(gè)城

talkin.

whom；市。

5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeets

?Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的并非都是二.狀語從句

thelargeboneofthelowerleg.

超級作文聯(lián)接詞及詞組，全部拿下!notknow.（主語從句）cameintoLondonzoo的后面，目的是讓句型顯得更

①原因：because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittle為穩(wěn)重。

thisreason....chanceofwinningthecase.（賓語從句）I.簡單記憶：同位語從句，就是對某些名詞做

②結(jié)果：sothat,so,therefore,consequently,so3.Theproblemiswhatwelldonext.（表語從句）進(jìn)一步的解釋的句子。

asto,asaresult....4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.（同位IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthat

③時(shí)間:after,before,when,while,as,until,as語從句）hisfatherdiedyesterday.

soonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,同位語（Appositive）:（that引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了news的內(nèi)容，注意：

shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...同位語是英語語法的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，也是各類考試that不做任何成分）

④條件：if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，同時(shí)，在寫作中正確運(yùn)用同位語可Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatheris

(that),incase(that),providedthat,onthecondition以使你的句型更加簡潔得體。unexpectedlybad.

that,etc.《新概念英語》第三冊第一課有這樣一個(gè)句（that引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了fact的內(nèi)容）

⑤讓步：though,although,eventhough(if),no子：WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildII.聯(lián)想記憶：

matterwhat/how/whenfwhatever/however/pumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthof能接同位詞從句的名詞有:belief（信仰），fact,

whenever一..London,theywerenottakenseriously.idea,doubt,rumor（謠言）,evidence（證據(jù)），conclusion

⑥目的：inorderthat,inorderto,to,（當(dāng)倫敦動物園接到報(bào)告說，在倫敦以南45英（結(jié)論），suggestion（建議），problem,order,answer,

⑦比較：than,as...as,bycomparison(相比較)，里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí)，這些報(bào)告并沒有受到重discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)）explanation（解釋），principle（原

bycontrast(相對照)....視。）則），possibility（可能性），truth,promise（承諾），

三.名詞性從句在這里，awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivereport（報(bào)告），statement（聲明），knowledge（知識），

王牌要點(diǎn)：通常由ihal或疑問詞導(dǎo)出。milessoulhofLondon就是同位語從句，它本來應(yīng)該opinion（觀點(diǎn)），likelihood（可能性）

1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseais放在“reports”后面，這里卻被放在了謂語成分［大聲朗讀三遍，背下即可。］

III.王牌要點(diǎn)：IV.分隔式同位語從句LuXun,oneofthegreatestessayistsinChina,

?同位語一般由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用關(guān)系代為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕，有時(shí)同位語playedanoverwhelminglyimportantroleinChinese

詞which,who,what和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,從句可以放到句子的末尾，（讀兩遍此定義，然后看literaturehistoiy

how或whether引導(dǎo)。倒句：）2）動名詞詞組亦可用作同位語：別忘了加逗號。

TherearousethequestionwhetherwecouldAnideacametohimthathemightwritetoherto（使句型更為流暢）

winthegame.askmoreinformationaboutthematter.Fmcrazyaboutthegame,playingbaseball.

Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeGoingtoconcert,thatsoundsagreatidea.

?一些介詞詞組后面也能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。amarvelousAmericanmovie"Titanic".3）不定式短語。（陌生只是掌握的開始）

（非常經(jīng)典之功能句式，可用于四六級和托福作文,V.同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別Theproblemwhattodonextremainsunsolved.

不妨一試?。汉唵斡洃洠憾ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞that或whichHerclaimtohavefinishedhisworkisnothingbut

ontheassumption（在...前提下）,在句子中用作主語或賓語，而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞awhitelie.

ontheground（由于...原因），that只起連接主句和從句之作用，不用作任何成分。4）形容詞詞組。（有逗號隔開）

ontheconditionthat（在...條件下），示例:I'vegotananswerthatAisright.（同位語從Alltheworkers,youngorold,shouldbetreated

withtheexception（有...例外）句，that不做成分）equally.

owingtothefact（由于...事實(shí)）;I'vegotananswerthatsurprisedmealot.Youngman,shortortall,shouldhavetherightto

ontheunderstanding（基于...理解）；（定語從句，that做定語從句的主語）taketheopportunity.

TheyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldVI.王牌重點(diǎn)：可以充當(dāng)同位語的詞組或短語。VII.同位語的引導(dǎo)詞。（重要！這是中高級寫作

manontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.1）名詞短語。（使句型更為簡潔）中不可缺少的引導(dǎo)成分）

那位年輕的女士答應(yīng)嫁給那位老頭，條件BillClinton,thepresidentofAmerica,cameto引導(dǎo)詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分

是他給她買一幢別墅。Chinatopayanofficialvisitin1998.之間的關(guān)系:

1.namely,thatitis,thatistosay（也就是說）,in3.一Susanhasn*twrittenusforalongtime.一conceivedof

otherwords（換句話說）,or,forshort表示等同關(guān)系。Whatdoyousupposetoher?8.Seedsusuallygerminatethe

2.suchas,say,sotospeak（譬如說）,includingA.thathappenedB.happenedC.totemperatureisfavorable.

（包括），forinstance（或forexample（e.g./eg）,表happenD.havinghappenedA.ifB.whereasC.asaresultD.in

示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。4.—MayIhavetheloan?youocfofenrsequences

3.especially,mostly,chiefly,orbetter,ingoodsecurity.9.FrancisPrestonBlair.Jr,bornin

particular,particularly表示突出重點(diǎn)，（在高難度閱讀A.ButB.UnlessC.ProvidedD.ButforKentucky,livedandpracticedinMissouri.

中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分，是出5.Gorillasarequietanimals,theyareA.wasB.hewasC.althoughD.who

題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。）abletomakeabouttwentydifferentsounds.hewas

惻試精編IA.howB.inspiteofC.becauseofD.10.,worksongsoftenexhibitthesong

L選擇正確選項(xiàng)：eventhoughcultureofapeopleinafundamentalform.

allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisa6.ThelittleWhiteHouseinwarmspringswastheA.TheyoccurwheretheyareB.Occurring

basicassumptionofsocialscientists.GeorgiahomeofPresidentFranklin-D.Rooseveltwhere

A.NearlyB.ThatnearlyC.ItisnearlyD.thereonApril12,1945.C.WheretheyoccurD.Wheredothey

WhennearlyA.whodiedB.diedC.whilediedD.occur

2.Thepeopleatthepartywerewoniedabouthedied

第二章虛擬語氣THESUBJUNCTIVEMOOD

Janetbecausenoonewasawareshehad7.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolic

gone.representationofreality.虛擬語氣用來表達(dá)不可能或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，

A.wherethatB.ofwhereC.oftheplaceA.whatitisconceivedB.thatisconceived與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常分為基本的三種形式。

whereD.theplaceC.whatisconceivedtobeD.thatisbeing1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

If+did/were+.......wouldhome.原形"（should可省去）的虛擬。

shouldIfIshouldfail,whatshouldIdo?suggestion,order,request,demand,

could+do(動詞原形)(2)If+did/wereto+vwould+v.importance,proposal.

might(完全不可能)Hemadeasuggestionthatwe(should)havea

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoabroadatonce.(IamnotIfthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldfancydressparty.

you.)lendyouthemoney.Ithinkitisathingofimportancethatit(should)

Ifheknewitnow,hecouldhelpme.(Hedoesn'tIfyoufinisheditin3minutes,Iwouldgivebedonesoon.

knowitnow.)youmycar.?Itis/wasimportant/necessaiy/natural/essential

2.與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬：4.金牌特殊重點(diǎn)：?。?advisable/strange/surprising,ect.+that+主語+

If+haddone+...would(might)havedone...［簡單聯(lián)想記憶］:should+v.

IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,?下列動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，Itisstrangethatyoushouldsaysuchathing.

Iwouldhavephonedyou.即should+動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略Itwasimportantthatyoushouldtellmeallthe

(1didn'tknowyourtelephonenumber.)(TOEFL語法考點(diǎn))。此類常見的動詞有：order,ask,information.

Ifyouhadcomeherealittleearlierjustnow,youdecide,demand,require,recommend,suggest(建議)?wish后的賓語從句中，asif后的狀語從句中，

mighthavemether.insist(堅(jiān)決要求)，advise,etc.須用下列的虛擬形式：

(Youdidn'tcomehereearlier.)例句：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)helpthem主+wish+(that)+主+did/were(指現(xiàn)在)

3.與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬：withEnglish.haddone(指過去)

(1)If+should+v.,...would+v.Theteacherorderedthatthehomeworkwould+v.(指將來)

(可能性很小)(譯作“方一”)(should)befinishedwithinhalfanhour.IwishthatImetmyunclenow.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,youcouldstayat?下列名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should+動詞IwishIhadmetmyuncleyesterday.

IwishIcouldmeetmyuncletomorrow.4.hecomelate,givehimthemessage.8.Itisnaturalthatanemployeehis

?Itis(high)timethat...+did/were...A.HadB.ShouldC.WouldD.Didworkontime.

Ilistimethatyouwenttobed.5.Hadn'tmycarbrokedown,ItheA.finishesB.finishC.canfinishD.

?wouldratherthat...+did/were...train.finishs

Iwouldratherthatyouwerenotherenow.A.wouldhavecaughtB.mightcatchC.9.1wouldgoabroadbutthatIpoor.

?wouldsoonerthat...+did/were...couldcatchD.wouldcatchA.amB.wasC.shallbeD.were

Iwouldsoonerthatyougotupearlier.6.IwouldhavehelpedhimifIhadtime,bu1t0.IDon*tactasifyoutheonlypebble

Iwouldsoonerthatyouwerenotmybrother.onthebeach.

測試精編A.haven'tB.hadC.didn*tD.A.areB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe

I.選擇正確選項(xiàng)：wouldn't

第三章代替與省略SUBSTITUTIONANDOMISSION

1.Ihehadtaughtmetheword,buthe7.Thedamwasbuiltintimetoprotectthe

didn't.inhabitantsfromtheflood;.英語中，為了避免不必要的重復(fù)，經(jīng)常用so,not,

A.believeB.hopeC.wishD.thinkA.otherwisethedamagewouldbebeyondto,do,does代替前面出現(xiàn)的動詞或相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

2.Themaninchargerecommendsthatthismattermeasure.如:Hetranslatedthearticlebetterthan1did.(did

atthemeeting.A.wouldbediscussedB.B.thedamage,otherwise,shouldbevery代替wroteit)

willbediscussedC.bediscussedD.maybegreat.—Doyouthinksheisclever?

discussedC.thedamagecouldhavebeenveryserious—Ithinkso.(so代替sheisclever)

3.Itisrainingnow,otherwisewegootherwise.(1)從上兩例中看出,do/does/did代替動詞。

outplay.D.thedamagecaused,therefore,manyof(2)*'so與not”代替某個(gè)詞、短語、句子等，

A.couldB.canC.mayD.willthemhomeless.通常用于hope,think,believe,expect,suppose,be

afraid,fear,imagine,etc后作賓語?！狪she?(這里,"thinkingofbuyingaA.soB.andC.butD.as

E.g.—Isitcorrect?car”被省略了。)4.—Don'tyouthinkAlan'shealthhasbeen

一I'mafraidnot.(notcorrect)一Willhecomebackintime?ruinedbysmoking?—Yes,hetoldme

(3)用作不定式，常跟隨下列動詞：want,—Perhaps.(省略了hewillcomebackinhimself.

mean,hope,expect,refuse,seem,intend,be,afraid,time.)A.thefactB.thisthingC.ItD.so

etc.測試精編5.—Willyougohometomorrowevening?—No,

E.g.Iaskedhimtogototheparty,butheI.選擇正確答案：I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleast,I'mplanning

refusedto.(gototheparty)1.一ShallIwakeyouuptomorrow?一Yes,

(4)"doso,dothat,doit"用來代替動態(tài)動詞,而A.onB.toC.soD.It

不能代靜態(tài)動詞。A.pleasedoB.youshallC.youwill6.—Islippedonthestairs,Ithinkmyarmis

Eg.一HegaveupstudyingEnglish.D.youmaybroken.一Oh!I.

一Whydidhedoso?(=giveup2.IthinkrecordsareoftenanactualA.donothopesoB.donothopeC.

studyingEnglish)performance.hopenotsoD.hopenot

——Thedishtastesnice.A.asgoodasorbetterthanB.asgoodor7.Californiareliesmainlyonincomefromfruit

一Yes,soitdoes,(tastesnice)betterthancrops,and.

(此句不能用itdoesit或itdoesso,C.likegoodorbetterthanD.asgoodasA.FloridaalsoB.Floridatoo

Staste屬靜態(tài)動詞。)anyotherC.FloridaisaswellD.sodoesFlorida

(5)為使語言精煉，避免不必要的重復(fù)，對話中3.—Ifhedoesn*tcometowork,hemaybefired.8.—Haveyoubeenherelong?—.

常用省略形式。一Surelyheisn'tsofoolishnottorealizeA.No,notveryB.Notmuch

E.g.一Heisthinkingofbuyingacar?that.C.Yes,onlylittleD.No,onlyyesterday

9.—Youlookhappytoday,Mary.一Ilikemy裝。）一NeithercouldTom.

newdressandmother,too.Awayshewent!（她走了!）NeverhaveIseensuchagoodmovie.

A.doesB.likesC.isD.doHereyouare!（你在這JL!）5.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，須倒裝。（準(zhǔn)確地說,

10.—Soyouarelost,littleboy.Whydidn'tyou2.only+副詞（介詞短語）位于句首，句子要是將需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞提到as的前面。）

hangontoyourmother'sskirt?倒裝。Richasheis,hespendsacentoncharity.

—,butIcouldn'treachit.OnlythendidherealizethathewasTryashedoes,heneverseemsabletodothe

A.IhangedtoB.IdidtoC.Ididn'tmistaken.workbeautifully.

hangtoD.ItriedtoOnlybyworkinghardcanwesucceedin6.在表示祝愿的句子中。

doinganything.Mayyoumakegreaterprogress!（愿你取得

第四章倒裝INVERSION

3.well,so,often,such,few,little放于句首，句更大進(jìn)步?。?/p>

根據(jù)語法要求，把謂語動詞置于主語前，稱為子形成倒裝。7.在虛擬條件句中，連詞if省略時(shí)，句型要倒

完全倒裝|，把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語前，稱為Sofinewastheweatherthatweallwentout裝，即將were,had,should等詞提到句首。

部分倒裝lyinginthesun.WereIyou,Iwouldgoabroadtotake

1.副詞如：in,out,down,there,here,off,over,WelldidIknowhimandwelldidheknowadvancedstudy.

away,etc.句子倒裝。（完全倒裝，但主語不能是代me.我要是你，就出國進(jìn)修了。

詞）4.否定詞或具有否定意義的詞及詞組用在句首Shouldhecometomorrow,hewouldhelpus

Downjumpedthemurdererfromthetenth時(shí)、句子須倒裝。此類詞有：neither,nor,hardly,tosettletheproblem.

floor.scarcely,rarely,seldom,not,never,notonly,他要是明天來的話，他會幫我們解決這個(gè)

IncameMissGreen.barely，atnotime,nowhere等。問題的。

（特別注意：當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時(shí)不倒e.g.—Jackcouldnotswim.8.百分特例重點(diǎn)：

MuchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodA.WeresofewB.Fewweresotorainheavily.

taste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingsweC.SofewwereD.TheyweresofewA.hadIB.haveIC.IhadD.Ihave

want.4.Onlyafterababysealispushedintotheseaby8.Notforamomentthetruthofyour

(NCEBookIIILesson26)itsmothertoswim.story.

盡管我們?yōu)樽约旱慕^好鑒賞力感到自豪，A.howwillitlearnB.willitlearnhowA.hehasdoubtedB.hedoubtsC.didhe

但我們已經(jīng)無法自由地選擇我們所需要的東西了。C.itwilllearnhowD.anditlearnshowdoubtD.hediddoubt

測試精編5.Notonlyapromise,buthealsokept9.succeedindoinganything.A.Only

I.選擇正確選項(xiàng)：it.byworkinghardwecanB.Byonlyworkinghardwe

1.Notuntilthemid-nineteenth-centurydiscoveryA.didhemadeB.hemadeC.didhecanC.OnlybyworkinghardcanweD.Onlywecan

ofvastdepositsofborate*sintheMajaveDesertmakeD.hemakesworkhard

relativelycommon.6.Nowhereintheworld.10.Neverbeforeinsimilarcircumstances

A.boraxbecameB.didboraxbecomeA.travelerscanbuysomuchbeautyforso

C.andboraxbecomeD.borax'sbecominglittleasinHawaii.A.aBritishPrimeMinisterhadrefusedto

2.receivedlawdegreesastoday.B.noonecanbuysomuchbeautyforsostepdown.

A.NeversomanywomenhavelittlemoneyasHawaii.B.didaBritishPrimeMinisterhaverefused

B.NeverhavesomanywomenC.somuchbeautycanbeboughtforsolittletostepdown.

C.Thewomenaren'tevermoneyinHawaii.C.aBritishPrimeMinisterdidhaverefused

D.WomenwhohaveneverD.cantravelersbuysomuchbeautyforsotostepdown.

3.theBob'sbelongingsthathecarriedlittlemoneyasinHawaii.D.hadaBritishPrimeMinisterrefusedto

theminabundleslungoverhisshoulders.7.Nosoonergonehomethanitbesgtaenpdown.

11.Peoplemightavoidmanyaccidents狀。常用系動詞有：be,become,seem,appear,feel,thepeoplepresent（在場的人）

thesemethodsbeenadoptedbefore.look,taste,smelhsound,remain,go,turn,keep,4.只能作表語的形容詞

A.thatB.wereC.haveD.hadstay,etc.1.某些表示健康狀況的形容詞。

12.arosetheproblemthattheboywillThedishtastesdelicious.well（身體好的），ill（病的），faint（虛弱的），

neverovercomethegreatdifficulties.Themusicsoundssweet.poorly（身體不好的）

A.ItB.ThisC.HereD.ThoseThemilkwentbad.示例：Hismotherhasbeenillforalongtime.

小心陷阱feel,smell,taste,look,keep有時(shí)可以特別注意：sick是個(gè)特例。它既

第五章形容詞ADJECTIVES

用作實(shí)義動詞，并可以用副詞修飾?？勺霰碚Z，又可做定語。

定義：形容詞是用來修飾名詞的詞，描述名詞的性Helookedmeupanddowncarefully.Heissickforacoupleofdays.（他病兩三天了）

質(zhì)、外觀、特點(diǎn)等。ItastedthesoupslowlytoseewhetheritwasHeisasickperson.（他是個(gè)病人。）

功能：形容詞可以做定語、表語或補(bǔ)助語。salty.2.某些以a-開頭的形容詞。

分類：主要分為兩類：描繪性形容詞和限定性形容3.形容詞用作后置定語。（簡單理解：一般的形容如：afraid（害怕的）,alone（獨(dú)自的）,alive（活

詞。詞修飾名詞時(shí)放在名詞前面，但有些形容詞修飾名著的），asleep（睡著的），awake（醒著的）,aware

?描繪性形容詞主要用來描繪大、小、新舊、詞時(shí)放在名詞的后面）（意識到的）

顏色、質(zhì)量等。arivernavigable（一條可通航的河）Theoldmanisaloneinthehouse.（老人一個(gè)