不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及練習(xí)

#不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的類型動(dòng)詞不定式既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，又有名詞的性質(zhì)。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等：動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用的“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有以下八種類型：（下列句子中劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）一、許多動(dòng)詞可跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)+todo...構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；否定形式為“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+nottodo...”。例如：dosb/sthtodosthMybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.分析：句中“Myboss”做主語(yǔ)，“told”作謂語(yǔ)，“me”作賓語(yǔ)，劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的句子。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.高中范圍內(nèi),適用于“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+（not）todo.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些動(dòng)詞可跟“賓語(yǔ)+tobe...”構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.分析：句中“I”做主語(yǔ)，“consider”作謂語(yǔ)，“him”作賓語(yǔ)，劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的句子。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.高中范圍內(nèi)，適用于，動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+tobe...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些動(dòng)詞（感官動(dòng)詞和使動(dòng)詞）后可跟不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Hesawherentertheroom.分析：句中“He”做主語(yǔ)，“saw”作謂語(yǔ)，“her”作賓語(yǔ)，劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的句子。Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.高中范圍內(nèi)，適用于，動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+do...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。還有兩個(gè)詞組：listento，lookat.注意:這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式前加to。請(qǐng)看下列句子，句中劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenhe3②在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式不帶to。有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省去了to，這些動(dòng)詞有：一感二聽三讓四觀看。一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三讓：let,have,make四觀看：observe,see,watch,lookat這類動(dòng)詞有：make,let,have等。轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后通常都用帶to的不定式（have沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她讓他戒了煙。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就讓他干吧。ardtosingthissong.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to（美國(guó)人不加to時(shí)較多），但被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou（to）pushthecart.分析：句中“I”做主語(yǔ)，“willhelp”作謂語(yǔ)，“you”作賓語(yǔ)，劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。上句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.五、有些“動(dòng)詞+介詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)后也可跟不定式構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Heshoutedtometocomeover.分析：句中“He”做主語(yǔ)，“shouted”作謂語(yǔ)，“to”為介詞，“me”作賓語(yǔ)，劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下列句子，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)為'動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo...”，劃線部分為不定式，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的句子。Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.高中范圍內(nèi)，適用于“動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。六、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示情況之前發(fā)生，就需要用完成形式：HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicCommittee.分析：句中“He”做主語(yǔ)，“wasknown”作謂語(yǔ)，使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由句意可知，“為國(guó)際奧委會(huì)工作”發(fā)生在前，“大家知道”發(fā)生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)請(qǐng)看下面的句子。Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.七、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用進(jìn)行形式：HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.分析：句中“He”做主語(yǔ)，“isbelieved”作謂語(yǔ)，使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由于句子表達(dá)主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況，故用不定式的進(jìn)行形式，句中劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下列句子。Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.間或不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也可用于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.八、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式：hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.分析：句中“She”做主語(yǔ)，“didn'twant”作謂語(yǔ)，“herson”作賓語(yǔ)，由于“herson”與“takeaway”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)形式，句中劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下列句子。I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.■練習(xí)：Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.（1988全國(guó)）growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrowTheteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.（2003北京）don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeMyadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.（2004北京）formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotakeThefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.（2004上海）A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused-IsBobstillperforming？-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.（2005江蘇）A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleftThemotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.（2006上海）A.growB.grownC.togrowD.tohavegrownEnergydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.（2006上海）A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking答案：A2.D3.D4.C5.A6.A7.B（編輯：趙露）5There'saholeinyourbag.Iknow,I'mgoingtohaveit.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedThoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.IfoundthedoorwhenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvisedatonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.HemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingTheyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed6Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute.A.beingsettledtobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled16.YouwillseethisproductwhereveryougoA.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising17.Hisremarksleftmeabouthisrealpurpose.A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wondering18.WhenIcaughthimmeIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry20.Didyouintendusthenewmethod?A.usingB.touseC.usingD.areusingTheteacherencouragedusgoodcompositions.A.WritingB.writtenC.towriteD.iswritingTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoMrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWithtrees,flowersandgrasseverywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted26.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwellcareof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking727.TheresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmadetothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown28.IcanmakeyouwhatIsay,butyoucan'tmakeyourselfinEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodCtounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood29.Hefoundthematatable.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess30.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking31.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled32.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.ductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through34.everything,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuy35.Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.（天津2004）A.runrunningC.beingrunD.torun36.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.puttobeputtingC.toputD.putting37.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.（重慶2004）A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry38.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.（北京2003）A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake39.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclear8warningsbeforefiringanyshots.(上海2003)A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued40.－Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed41.Fatherwillnot__ustousehisrecorders.A.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow42.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekaspunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing43.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay44.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning45.Seeingthesun__abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising46.Iwasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions__.AbeenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown47.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeattoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatDnoteating48.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself.A.hearB.hearingC.tohearD.heardIfyougotoXi'an,you'llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly.A.supposingB.tosupposeC.supposedD.supposeIt'ssocoldtoday,wemustkeepthefire.A.toburnB.burningC.burnD.burntThemotherwasaskedletherchildrenTVeveryevening;A.notto;watchB.notto;towatchC.not;watchD.not;watching52.Theydidn'tobserveherinandgoupstairs.A.comeB.cameC.tocomeD.comingHowaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)9A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingIhavehadmy