21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程第一冊(cè)09

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TextA

Listening

FirstListening

Beforelisteningtothetape,haveaquicklookatthefollowingwords.

greenhouseeffect

溫室效應(yīng)

alter

改變

release

排放

carbondioxide

二氧化碳

tropical

熱帶的

ecology

生態(tài)

global

全球的

pattern

模式

Venus

金星

thermometer

溫度計(jì)

SecondListening

Listentothetapeagain.Then,choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.

1.Whichofthefollowingtopicsdoesthelisteningpassagemainlydiscuss?

A)Thedangerscausedbychangesintheatmosphere.

B)ProblemsontheplanetVenus.

C)Thedamagedonebydifferenttypesofpollution.

D)Waysofgrowingflowersinthewinter.

2.Whatdoestheterm"greenhouseeffect"referto?

A)A"blanket"ofgreenglassbeingbuiltoversomelow-lyingcities.

B)O1dtreesbeingcutdowninordertobuildhouses.

C)Awarmingoftheearth'stemperatures.

D)AcloudofgreendustontheplanetVenus.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasareasonforthebuildupofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere?

A)Burningoffuelsbycarsandfactories.

B)Alargeincreaseinthenumberoftreesinsomeareas.

C)Alargedecreaseinthenumberoftreesinsomeareas.

D)Pollutionintheearth'sriversandstreams.

4.Whatchangesinglobalweatherpatternsmightthegreenhouseeffectcreate?

A)Anincreaseinraininsomeplaces.

B)Adecreaseinraininsomeplaces.

C)Ashiftinthepatternsofoceantides.

D)BothA)andB).

Pre-readingQuestions

1.Lookingatthetitle,whatdoyouguessthepassageisabout?Makepredictions,andthenreadthefirstparagraphtofindoutwhatthe"greenhouseeffect"is.

2.Inthediscussionofthe"greenhouseeffect",whatdoscientistsdisagreeabout?And,whatpointsdotheyagreeon?Skimparagraphs3and4tolookforyouranswers.

3.Howseriousofathreatdoyouconsiderthe"greenhouseeffect"tobe?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

HothouseEarth

KevinMcKean

Headlineswarnedofrisingtemperaturesandmeltingpolaricecaps.

Scientistsissuedreportsonthesevereclimatechangesthatcouldresultfromthe"greenhouseeffect"—thegradualwarmingoftheatmospherecausedbyanincreaseincarbondioxidelevelsfromtheburningoffossilfuels,sayingthataverageglobaltemperaturescouldstarttorisewithinafewdecadesandreachlevelsninedegreesFahrenheithigherthantoday'stemperaturesbytheendofthenextcentury.This,expertssaid,couldcreatedangerouschangestoglobalweatherpatterns.Forinstance,itcouldchangeannualamountsofrainfall,swellordryuprivers,andraisetheleveloftheseas.

Whileadmittingthatthisforecastwassomewhatuncertain,scientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.Althoughthereisconsiderabledebateoverhowseverethegreenhouseeffectwillbe,onethingseemscertain:Carbondioxidelevelsareontherise.

Whoorwhatistoblame?Scientistsconcludethatitistheburningofcoal,oil,syntheticfuels,andnaturalgas.Thesefossilenergysourcesreleaseanestimatedfiveandahalfbilliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyearascolorless,odorlessCO2gas.

Theincreasedcarbondioxidecouldprofoundlyaffectthewaytheearthisheatedbythesun.Thesun'senergystrikestheearthmainlyintheformofvisiblelight.Astheearthheatsup,itradiatesthisenergybackintospace,butatthemuchlongerwavelengthsofinfraredlight,orheat.Carbondioxideletsthevisiblelightpassthrough,butabsorbsenergyatinfraredwavelengths.Thus,themorecarbondioxidethereisintheatmosphere,themoretheearth'sheatisblockedfromescaping—justasablanketholdsintheheatofasleeper'sbody.Inthelate1800s,aSwedishscientistgavethisphenomenonitsnamewhenhecomparedittothewayglassshutsinairheatedbythesuninagreenhouse.

Somescientiststhinkthegreenhouseeffectalreadyhasbegun:AverageglobaltemperatureshaverisenaboutonedegreeFahrenheitinthepastninetyyears(withadipfromthemid-1940sto1970).Othersarguethattherisecouldbeduetonaturaltemperatureupsanddowns.

Nevertheless,mostscientistsagreethattheaccumulationofcarbondioxidehasreachedthepointwhereanincreaseintemperatureissuretotakeplace.Onestudysaidaverageglobaltemperaturesprobablywouldrisenearlyfourdegreesbythetwenty-firstcentury—atotalwarminggreaterthanthatsincethelasticeage.

Risingtemperatureswouldbejustthebeginning.Theheatingwouldshiftglobalrainfallpatterns,bringingdroughttosomenow-fertileareasandirrigatingsomedeserts.Likewise,mountainglaciersandpolaricecapscouldmeltsubstantially,causingtheseastorisetwofeetbytheendofthecentury.Manylow-lyingcommunitiescouldbeflooded.Worstofall,theeffectmaybeirreversible.

Somehavemaintainedthattheworldfacessuchgreatdangersfrompopulationgrowth,diminishingfoodsupply,andthespreadofnuclearweaponsthatthegreenhousethreatseemsmildbycomparison.Othersarguethatsincetheearthhasenduredalongstringoficeagesinthelasttwomilliontothreemillionyears,anywarmingislikelytobetemporary.Evenso,thosewhotrytominimizetheproblemmustalsoexplainawaytheharshconditionsontheplanetVenus.There,arunawaygreenhouseeffectisthoughttoaccountforsurfacetemperaturesapproaching900degreesFahrenheit;Venus'scloud-shroudedatmosphereisabout97percentcarbondioxide.

AlthoughfewscientiststhinktheearthwillgothewayofVenus,mostagreethatthegreenhouseproblemshouldbetacklednow.Cityplanningshouldberevised;dykesandreservoirsshouldbebuilt;aneyeshouldbekeptopenonthethermometerforthefirstdefinitesignthatthegreenhouseerahasarrived.

(636words)

NewWords

hothouse

n.溫室

headline

n.1.anewspaperheading（報(bào)刊的）大字標(biāo)題

2.(pl.)abriefsummaryontelevisionorradioofthemostimportantitemsofnews[復(fù)數(shù)]新聞提要

*polar

a.oforneartheNorthorSouthpole極地的；近極地的

issue

vt.bringout(esp.sth.printedand/orofficial)forthenoticeofthepublic發(fā)布，發(fā)行

n.1.thesupplyorreleaseofitemsforuseorsale發(fā)給；發(fā)行

2.animportanttopicfordiscussionorargument（有爭(zhēng)議的）重大問(wèn)題，議題

severe

a.1.verybad,serious嚴(yán)重的

2.(ofpeopleortheirbehaviour)strictorharsh嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的

climate

n.theaverageweatherconditionsataparticularplaceoveraperiodofyears氣候

*greenhouse

n.溫室，暖房

gradual

a.takingplacebyaseriesofsmallchangesoveralongtime逐漸的，逐步的

carbon

n.碳

dioxide

n.二氧化物

*fossil

a.化石的

n.化石

fuel

n.anymaterialburnedtoproduceheatorpower燃料

v.supplysth.orbesuppliedwithfuel（向…）供燃料；（給…）加油

global

a.1.oforconcerningthewholeearth全球的，世界的

2.of,relatedto,orconcerningalloralmostallpossibleconsiderations總括的，綜合的

Fahrenheit

a.華氏（溫度計(jì)）的

pattern

n.awayinwhichsth.happens,moves,developsorisarranged型式，模式

annual

a.1.calculatedoveraperiodofayear每年的；年度的

2.happeningeveryyear,usu.onceayear一年一次的

rainfall

n.（降）雨量

swell

v.(causeto)becomegreaterinamountorvolume;increase（使）上漲；（使）增長(zhǎng)

forecast

n.astatementthatpredictssth.withthehelpofinformation預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)

vt.sayinadvancewhatisexpectedtohappen預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)

considerable

a.greatinamountorsize;ofnoticeableimportance相當(dāng)多的，相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)重要的

synthetic

a.notnaturallyproduced;artificial合成的；人造的

release

vt.1.allow(sth.)tofly,fall,etc.freely排放，放出

2.setfree;allowtogo釋放；解放

odo(u)rless

a.havingnosmell無(wú)臭的

odo(u)r

n.asmell(pleasantorunpleasant)氣味；香氣；臭氣

profoundly

ad.deeply深深地

*profound

a.1.deep;intense深（度）的；極度的

2.having,showingknowledgeorunderstandingofasubject深?yuàn)W的；造詣深的

visible

a.1.thatcanbeseen可見(jiàn)的，看得見(jiàn)的

2.noticeabletothemind明顯的，顯然的

*radiate

vt.sendout(lightorheat)發(fā)射（光、熱等）

vi.(from)comeoutorspreadinalldirectionsfrom(sth.)輻射，散發(fā)

wavelength

n.波長(zhǎng)

infrared

a.紅外線的；紅外區(qū)的

absorb

vt.1.takein吸收（水、熱、光等）

2.takeupalltheattention,interest,time,etc.,of吸引（注意），使專注

Swedish

a.瑞典（人）的

phenomenon(pi.phenomena)

n.afactoreventinnature(orsociety)asitappearsorisexperiencedbythesenses現(xiàn)象

dip

n.1.下降

2.浸；蘸

argue

v.givereasonsfororagainststh.,esp.withtheaimofpersuadingsb.toshareone'sownopinion論證；認(rèn)定

nevertheless

ad.inspiteofthat;however然而，不過(guò)

accumulation

n.積累，積聚

*drought

n.alongperiodofdryweather,whenthereisnotenoughwater長(zhǎng)期干旱，旱災(zāi)

fertile

a.1.(ofland)whichproducesorcanproducegoodcrops肥沃的，富饒的

2.producingmanyyoung,fruits,orseeds多產(chǎn)的，豐產(chǎn)的

likewise

ad.1.also;inaddition也，又

2.inthesameway;similarly同樣地

glacier

n.冰河，冰川

substantially

ad.1.toaconsiderabledegree;greatly到相當(dāng)程度；大量地

2.mainly;intheimportantpart基本上

substantial

a.1.largeinamountorvalue;considerable大量的

2.concerningthemostimportantpartormeaning基本的；大體上的

low-lying

a.低洼的

community

n.1.（由同住一地區(qū)或一國(guó)的人所構(gòu)成的）社會(huì)；社區(qū)

2.團(tuán)體；界

irreversible

a.thatcannotbechangedtotheoriginalstate不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的

maintain

vt.1.expressfirmlyorsticktoone'spoint堅(jiān)稱；斷言

2.keepup;retain維持；保持

*diminish

v.(causeto)becomeless（使）縮減；（使）變??；減少

nuclear

a.核子的；原子能的

threat

n.威脅

mild

a.1.notseriousorharsh輕微的，不嚴(yán)重的

2.(ofpeopleortheirbehaviour)gentleandkind溫和的；溫柔的

comparison

n.比較，對(duì)照

temporary

a.lastingforalimitedtimeonly暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的

*minimize,-ise

vt.1.reducethetruevalueorimportanceof(sth.)把…作最低估計(jì)

2.reduce(sth.)tothesmallestamountordegree使減到最少，使縮至最小

harsh

a.severe;stern嚴(yán)酷的；嚴(yán)厲的

runaway

a.outofcontrol失控的

account

vi.(for)explainthecauseof說(shuō)明…的原因，解釋

n.awrittenorspokenreport;description