高考英語全國一卷及論大學(xué)生寫作能力

普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)I)英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。第I卷1至10頁，第II卷11至13頁。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在本試卷相應(yīng)的位置。3.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在本試卷上無效。4.第I卷聽力部分滿分30分，不計(jì)入總分，考試成績錄取時(shí)提供給高校作參考。5.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10稱鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題如閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Findaplace. B.Buyamap. C.Getanaddress.2.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Repairhercar. B.Giveheraride. C.Pickupheraunt.3.WhomightMr.Petersonbe?A.Anewprofessor. B.Adepartmenthead. C.Acompanydirector.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?A.Quitedifficult. B.Veryinteresting. C.Toosimple.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Weather. B.Clothes. C.News.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7題。6.WhyisHarryunwillingtojointhewoman?A.Hehasapaininhisknee. B.HewantstowatchTV. C.Heistoolazy.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Stayathome. B.TakeHarrytohospital. C.Dosomeexercise.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whenwillthemanbehomefromwork?A.At5:45. B.At6:15. C.At6:50.9.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.TheGreenHouseCinema. B.TheNewStateCinema. C.TheUMECinema.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.HowwillthespeakersgotoNewYork?A.Byair. B.Bytaxi. C.Bybus.11.Whyarethespeakersmakingthetrip?A.Forbusiness. B.Forshopping. C.Forholiday.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger. B.Husbandandwife. C.Fellowworkers.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inanoffice. C.Inaclassroom.14.WheredoesJohndonow?A.He’satrainer. B.He’satourguide. C.He’sacollegestudent.15.Howmuchcananewpersonearnforthefirstyear?A.$10,500. B.$12,000. C.$15,000.16.Howmanypeoplewillthewomanhire?A.Four. B.Three. C.Two.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題17.Howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity?A.Oneyear. B.Tenyears. C.Eighteenyears.18.Whatisthespeaker’sopiniononpublictransport?A.It’scomfortable. B.It’stime-saving. C.It’scheap.19.Whatisgoodaboutlivinginasmalltown?A.It’ssafer. B.It’shealthier. C.It’smoreconvenient.20.Whatkindoflifedoesthespeakerseemtolikemost?A.Busy. B.Colorful. C.Quiet.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheCambridgeScienceFestivalCuriosityChallengeDaretoTaketheCuriosityChallenge!TheCambridgeScienceFestival(CSF)ispleasedtoinformyouofthesixthannualCuriosityChallenge.Thechallengeinvites,evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesof5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwritingthatshowstheircuriosityandhowitinspiresthemtoexploretheirworld.Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture,writeanarticle,takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.Toenterthechallenge,allartworkorpiecesofwritingshouldbesenttotheCambridgeScienceFestival,MITMuseum,265MassAvenue,Cambridge02139byFriday,February8th.StudentswhoentertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonoredataspecialceremonyduringtheCSFonSunday,April21st.Guestspeakerswillalsopresentprizestothestudents.Winningentrieswillbepublishedinabook.Studententrieswillbeexhibitedandprizeswillbegiven.Familiesofthosewhotakepartwillbeincludedinthecelebrationandbrunchwillbeserved.BetweenMarch10thandMarch15th,eachwinnerwillbegiventhespecificsoftheclosingceremonyandtheCuriosityChallengecelebration.Theprogramguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat:.21.WhocantakepartintheCuriosityChallenge?A.Schoolstudents. B.Cambridgelocals. C.CSFwinners. D.MITartists.22.Whenwilltheprize-givingceremonybeheld?A.OnFebruary8th. B.OnMarch10th. C.OnApril21st. D.OnMarch15th.23.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Anexhibitionguide. B.Anartshowreview. C.Anannouncement. D.Anofficialreport.BPassengerpigeons(旅鴿)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered(驅(qū)散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS25.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’______.A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolution26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure. B.Tosaveotherbirds. C.Tomakemoney. D.Toprotectcrops.27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic. B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair. D.Itwasstrict.CAtypicalliontamer(馴獸師)inpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)----onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome…takeimmediateaction.Ifyou’reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.28.Whydoestheliontameruseachair?A.Toshowoffhisskills. B.Totrickthelion.C.Togetreadyforafight. D.Toentertaintheaudience.29.Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?A.Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices. B.Theyholdontothewrongthings.C.Theyfindithardtomakechanged. D.Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Tolerant. B.Doubtful. C.Respectful. D.Supportive.31.Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”,you’readvisedto_______.A.waitforabetterchance B.breakyouroldhabitsC.makeaquickdecision D.askforclearguidanceDAsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguagesofEnglish,Chinese,Spanish,andArabic,otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact,halfofthe6,000—7,000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtotheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations----UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem----haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,YaleUniversity,whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowinginthattradition.Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AgrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,andraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin,whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials----includingphotographs,films,taperecordings,andfieldnotes----whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now,throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded----theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject----Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments,foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld,availablenotjusttoscholarsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet,Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.32.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto_____.A.promotegloballanguage B.rescuedisappearinglanguagesC.searchforlanguagecommunities D.setuplanguageresearchorganizations33.Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto?A.Havingfullrecordsofthelanguages.B.Writingbooksonlanguageteaching.C.Tellingstoriesaboutlanguageusers.D.Livingwiththenativespeakers.34.WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia. B.ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan. D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.35.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin’swork?A.Write,sellanddonate. B.Record,repairandreward.C.Design,experimentandreport. D.Collect,protectandreconnect.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1.CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37Askkids,“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?2.CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.3.PersonalskillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhat’sgoingoninsideourownhead,butwhataboutothers?Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39“Whydoyouthinkshe’scrying?”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?”4.SelfExpression40Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas----music,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常規(guī))basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis41atworkinpeopleofall42.Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir44soonwearsoffthebyJanuarythose45toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’s47interest.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchild48bathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashorttime,however,the49ofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertotheparents.Adolescentsenterhighschoolwithgreat50butaresoonlookingforwardto51.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.Andthen,howmany52,whonowcomplain(抱怨)aboutthelongdrivestowork,53droveforhouratatimewhentheyfirst54theirdriver’slicenses(執(zhí)照)?Beforepeopleretire,theyusually55todoalotof56things,whichtheyneverhad57todowhileworking.But58afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey59.And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew60.41.A.habit B.principle C.way D.power42.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages43.A.working B.living C.playing D.going44.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow45.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive46.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.half-filled D.newly-collected47.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main48.A.silently B.impatiently C.worriedly D.gladly49.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game50.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement51.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success52.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees53.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely54.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered55.A.need B.learn C.plan D.start56.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct57.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge58.A.only B.well C.even D.soon59.A.lost B.chose C.quit D.left60.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues第II卷注意事項(xiàng)：用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70(patience).第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)；滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(＼)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden.Sincethen---foralltheseyear---wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）假定你是李華，計(jì)劃暑假期間去英國學(xué)習(xí)英語，為期六周。下面的廣告引起了你的注意，請給該校寫封信，詢問有關(guān)情況（箭頭所指內(nèi)容）注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3．參考詞匯：住宿-accommodation2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（(新課標(biāo)I)英語參考答案選擇題答案第一部分：1-5ABCBA6-10BCACA11-15zxxkACBCA16-20CBCAB第二部分：（共20小題;每小題2分，滿分40分）21-25:ADCDB26-30:CDAAB31-35:CBADC36-40DACFG第三部分：41-45ADCBA46-50DBCBD51-55ACBBD56-60AADCB非選擇題答案：61.was62.actually63.the64.or65.toreduce66.cleaner67.That/which68.amazing69.changes70.Patient第四部分：第一節(jié)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoesagoof（圣女果）inourbackgarden,sincethen---forallzxxktheseyear---wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfyearshaveseedwheretheyplease.As∧result,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butaeverywherejuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtastymanytomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsect或yetattackproblem.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatoncost!Wonderful第二節(jié)：OnePossibleVersionDearSir/Madam,IamastudentinChinaandIplantogotoBritaintoattendzxxkasummerschoolduringthevacation.I’veseenyourad,andI’dliketoknowsomethingmoreaboutyoursix-weekEnglishcourse.Firstwhenwillthecoursestartandhowmanyclasshoursarethereperweek?Besides,Iwishtherewouldnotbetoomanystudentsinaclass.I’dalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopayforthecourseandwhetheraccommodationisincludedWouldtherebehostfamilyoruniversitydormitory?Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yoursfaithfully,LiHua

論大學(xué)生寫作能力寫作能力是對(duì)自己所積累的信息進(jìn)行選擇、提取、加工、改造并將之形成為書面文字的能力。積累是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，積累越厚實(shí)，寫作就越有基礎(chǔ)，文章就能根深葉茂開奇葩。沒有積累，胸?zé)o點(diǎn)墨，怎么也不會(huì)寫出作文來的。寫作能力是每個(gè)大學(xué)生必須具備的能力。從目前高校整體情況上看，大學(xué)生的寫作能力較為欠