大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)之開題報(bào)告-開題報(bào)告撰寫的方法

#如有幫助歡迎下載支持thecoreofyourapplication:you'regoingtoauniversitytodothisverypieceofresearch.Comparedtothis,therestoftheapplicationisbackgroundscenery.Takeyourtimetothinkofit.Whenyouhaveanidea,becarefulattheformulation.Awell-writtenhypothesisissomethingofanessay'sthesis:itprovidesastatementthatcanbetested(arguesaheadoneofthepossibleanswerstoaproblem),itisanidea,aconcept,andnotamerefact,andissummedupinonephrase.Insomecases,youwillhavenoideawhatthepossibleanswertoaproblemworthbeingresearchedis,butyouwillbeabletothinkofawaytosolvethatproblem,andfindouttheanswerinthemeantime.It'sokinthiscase,toformulatearesearchquestion,ratherthanahypothesis.Letthosecasesberare,inanyway.Anotherpieceofadvicewhenwritingyourhypothesis,regardingthetrendyresearchfields:chancesaregreatthatthey'retrendybecausesomebodyhasalreadymadethatexcitingdiscovery,orwrotethatsplendidpaperthatawokeeverybody'sinterestinthefirstplace.Ifyou'reinoneofthesefields,trytogetafreshpointofviewuponthesubject;makenewconnections,don'tbe100%mainstream.Thiswillmaketheprojectevenmorestimulatingforthereader.Imaginethatyouarewritingaboutthetrendiestsubject,withabsolutelynochangeinthepointofview,andyouaregiventhechancetomaketheresearch.Trendscomeandgo,fast;whatarethechancesthat,infouryears'time,whenyourresearchisdoneandyouarereadytopublishyourresults,oneofthosewell-knownprofessorswhodisposeofhugeresearchgrantshasalreadysaidwhateveryouhadtosay?Rememberhow,inastructuredessay,rightafterthethesisyouwouldpresenttheorganisationofyouressay,byenumeratingthemainargumentsyouweregoingtopresent?SamethingshouldhappeninaRP.Afterstatingyourthesis,youshouldgiveashortaccountofyouranswerstothosethreequestionsmentionearlier.State,inafewphrases,whatwillbelearnedfromyourresearch,thatyourprojectwillmakeadifference,andwhyisthatimportanttobeknown.Youwillhavetoelaborateonbothoftheselaterinthepaper.Thenextstepinwritingyourproposalistoprovethatthatparticularpieceofresearchhasnotbeendoneyet.ThissectionisusuallycalledLiteratureReview.Insideit,youhavetoenumerateandcriticallyanalyzeanimpressivelistofboringbibliography.Theconclusionyoushould-objectively!-reachisthatyourideaofresearchhasnotbeenundertakenyet.Evenmore,youusethisopportunitytoprovesolidtheoreticalknowledgeinthefield,andbuildthetheoreticalbasesofyourproject.Onetip:don'treviewallthearticlesandbooksinthefieldsevenifyoumentiontheminthebibliographylist;payattentioninyouranalysistothoseyouwillbuildon.Anotherone:avoidjargonwhenwritingyourRP.Thechancesaregreatthattheperson(s)whowillreadyourandanother1000researchproposalsarenotspecialistsinthatveryfield-nicheyouareexamining.Ifyouareapplyingforagrantwithorfoundationorsomethingsimilar,itmighthappenthatthosereadingyourpaperarenotevenprofessors,butrecruiters,donors,etc.Andeveniftheyactuallyareprofessors,oneofthereasonsbusypeoplelikethemagreetoundertakeahuge,andsometimesvoluntary,work,isthedesiretomeetsomediversity,somechangefromtheirwork-somaybethey'llreadapplicationsforanotherspecialisation.Thecapacitytogetyourmessageacrossinclear,easy-to-graspconceptsandphrasesisoneofthewinningpapers'mostimportantadvantages.Sofar,youhaveprovenyouhavearesearchidea,thatyouarefamiliarwiththefield,andthatyourideaisnew.Now,whyshouldyourprojectbeworthresearching?Becauseitadvancesknowledge,ok.Butisthisknowledgethatanybodywillneed?MaybenobodyknowsforsurehowtheshoelaceswerebeingtiedintheXIXthcentury,butwhocares,beyondtwolace-tyingspecialists?Findargumentstoconvincethereaderthats/heshouldgiveyoumoneyforthatresearch:practicaluse,acceleratingthedevelopmentofknowledgeinyourorotherfields,openingnewresearchpossibilities,abetterunderstandingoffactsthatwillallowamoreappropriatecourseofactionarepossiblereasons.Beclearandspecific.Don'tpromisetosavetheworld,itmightbetoomuchtostartwith.EvenJamesBondsucceedsthatonlytowardstheendofthemovie.Weapproachnowoneofthemostdifficultpartsofwritingaresearchproposal:themethodology.Inshort,whatactionsareyougoingtotakeinordertoanswerthequestion?Whenwillyouknowwhetherthehypothesishasbeenprovenwrong,orhassurvivedenoughteststobeconsidered,fornow,valid?Thosetestsandthewayyouaresupposedtohandlethemtogiverigortoyourresearchiswhatisunderstoodundermethods.Methodsdivideinqualitative(interviews,questionnaires)andquantitative(statistics,stuffthatdealsintensivelywithnumbers).Forsomeprojectsqualitativemethodsaremoreappropriate,forsomequantitative,whileformostamixtureofthetwoisadequate.Youshouldpickyourmethodsandjustifyyourchoice.Researchmethodology,however,istooacomplicatedthingtobeexplainedhere.Andthisiswhyit'ssotough:notmuchattentionisgiventoteachingitinEasternEurope.Try,beforewritingyourRP,toreadabitmoreaboutmethodology-ontheInternetyouwillfindforsuresomearticles-anddecidewhichmethodssuityourprojectbest.Don'tforget:readingtheoreticalpiecesofyourworkandprovidingacriticalanalysisofthoseisalsoakindofresearch.It'sfinetoprovidearoughscheduleofyourresearch;somegrantprogramswillalsorequireadetailedbudget,eventhoughforscholarshipsthisisunlikely.Conclusions:Afterworkingyourwaythroughthedifficultmethodologicalpart,youonlyhavetowriteyourconclusions.Shortlyrecapwhyyourhypothesisisnew,whyitadvancesknowledge,whyisitworthresearchingandhow,fromapracticalpointof