虛擬條件句的一些特殊用法

虛擬條件句的一些特殊用法嘉興英語網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航】1. —Mycat’sreallyfat.2007浙江）—You______havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.shouldn

’t

D.mustn’t2．—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isit

beautiful?

（2007全國卷I）—It_____be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must3.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI_____havedrivenherthere.（2007陜西）A.couldmight

B.mustD.should

C.【答案與解析】1．C。shouldn’thavedone 表示“本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際做了”。2．C。根據(jù)句意，“本來這個(gè)湖應(yīng)該是很漂亮的，但是現(xiàn)在被嚴(yán)重污染了”可知選C。should在這里表示“本來應(yīng)該，暗含著實(shí)際上不”之意。3．D。shouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，本句意為：“我告訴你朋友該怎么到達(dá)旅館了，但是也許我應(yīng)該開車把她送到那兒去”?！局攸c(diǎn)歸納】錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句：有時(shí)在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。如：HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.如果我今天早上出來的時(shí)候帶著傘的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）Ifyo uhadfollowedthedoctor ’sadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你（那時(shí)）聽從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有事了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）IfIhadn’tfinishedmycompositionbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有完成作文的話，我明天還要接著寫。（從句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情，而主句說的是將來的事情）2．含蓄虛擬條件句：有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。主要有以下幾種情況。用with,without，butfor等介詞短語來替代條件從句,它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。如：Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadnhelpedus.

’t如果（那時(shí)）沒有你們的幫助，我們可能已經(jīng)死了。Withoutthesun,nothingwouldgrow.=Iftherewasnothesun,nothingwouldgrow.沒有太陽，萬物都不能生長。用or,otherwise,butthat,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that)等引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。如：Youdidn’tcomeyesterday,oryouwouldhaveseenhim.你昨天沒有來，否則的話，你就已經(jīng)看到他了。Iwasverybusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.我上周很忙，否則的話，我就來看你了。SupposingIwasstillalittlechild,Iwouldstudyhardfromnowon.假如我還是一個(gè)小孩子的話，我將從現(xiàn)在開始努力學(xué)習(xí)。通過上下文來表示虛擬：這種情況下，需要加以分析。Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney,butIwassopoorthen.我（那時(shí)如果有錢的話）就可以給你更多的錢了，但是我當(dāng)時(shí)太窮了。Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIforgotyourtelephonenumber.我本來可以給你打電話，但是我（那時(shí)）忘了你的電話號(hào)碼。Havingknownthefactintime,wecouldn

’thavesaidthat.=Ifwehadknownthefactintime,wecouldn

’thavesaidthat.如果我們（那時(shí)）及時(shí)知道事實(shí)的話，就不會(huì)說那件事了。Anymaninhispositionwouldhavedonethat.處于他那個(gè)位置的任何人都會(huì)那樣做的。4）由should+動(dòng)詞原形或者should/could/mighthave+

過去分詞構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。種情況下，虛擬條件句經(jīng)常省略，而只剩下主句結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Ishouldhavetoldyouthat,butIwasafraidthatyoucouldn

’tacceptthefact.我本應(yīng)該告訴你那件事，但我擔(dān)心你不能接受這個(gè)事實(shí)。Tom,youaresolazy!Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedhoursago.湯姆，你太懶了！這個(gè)工作本應(yīng)該幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前完成。3. 在ifitwere/hadbeennotfor 句型中的虛擬語氣Ifitwerenotfor ,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)； Ifithadnotbeenfor ,表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)。IfitwerenotfortheInternet,everythingwouldbeverydifficult.要不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，一切都會(huì)變得很難。Haditnotbeenforyourovercoat,Iwouldhavedied.要不是你那件大衣，我就被凍死了。Grammarwork語法專練選擇最佳答案。_________thethickforest,wewouldoftenhavetosufferfromasandstorm.A.IfitisnotforB.IfitwerenotforCIsitnotforD.Wasitnotfor2._________yourofferofriceandvegetables,wewouldhavegonehungry.A.Ifithasn’tbeenforB.WithC.HasitnotbeenforD.Haditnotbeenfor3.__________yourtimelyandcorrectguidance,Icouldn’thavesolvedtheproblemsosmoothly.A.HaditnotbeenforB.WereitnotforC.IfithasnotbeenforD.Ifitisnotfor4.JanewouldhavegonetoWashington________togetaplaneticket.A.wassheableB.ifshehadbeenableC.wouldshebeableD.ifsheisable________forherencouragement,Iwouldnothavepaidforthatgood-for-nothinghugevase.A.WereitnotB.IfitisnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot6.IfI________alotofmoneylikeyou,I________buythatlargecompany.A.had,wouldbuyB.have,wouldC.had,wouldhaveboughtD.havehad,wouldhavebought7．Ifshe________myEnglishteacher,I________muchfromher.A.was,canlearnB.is,couldlearnC.were,couldlearnD.hadbeen,couldlearn8.IfI________outtoworklastyear,I________muchmoremoney.A.hadgone,wouldmakeB.hadgone,wouldhavemadeC.went,wouldmakeD.went,wouldhavemade9．Isupportedhimintime,otherwisehe______offthebike.A.mightfallB.wouldfallC.shouldhavefallenD.wouldhavefallen10.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlovewithMaryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall11.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight______.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly12.—Whydon’tyoubuythenecklacesinceyoulikeitsomuch?—I______,butIdon’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.willC.shouldD.may13.—FinallyIgottomygrandmother’shomeonfoot.—Really?You______aridethere.A.musthavetaken B.couldhavetakenC.shouldn’thavetaken D.couldn’thavetakenIfIhadworkedharderatschool,I______inacomfortableofficenow.A.wouldsit B.wouldhavesat C.wouldbesitting D.weresitting15.Myfathertoldmehowtogetherebutperhapshe_____meamap.A.hadtogive B.oughttogive C.musthavegiven D.shouldhavegivenGrammarquiz語法小測請(qǐng)將下列句子翻譯成英語。要不是你幫忙的話，我會(huì)失敗的。.如果不是兩次考大學(xué)都失敗的話，他也不會(huì)一聲不吭地離家出走。.如果不是你及時(shí)的支持，我就會(huì)輸?shù)暨@次大選。.沒有這本雜志，我們打發(fā)時(shí)光就很難。.根據(jù)上下文的意思，完成句子。Ifit______（要不是）yourmobilephone,Icouldn’thavegotintouchwithher.2. Iwasreallyverybusythatday,otherwise,I_______( 就去參加舞會(huì)了)．3. _________(要不是天氣好的話),Icouldn ’tgoclimbingthatday.ProvidingthatIhadfinishedthereporttwodaysbefore,I________(就不會(huì)被開除了)now.Keys:語法專練1-5BDABC 6-10ACBDB 11-15AABCD語法小測I.(Onepossibleversion)Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Nothavingfailedinthecollegeentranceexaminationtwice,hewouldn’thavelefthomewithoutsaying