羅蘭·巴特符號學視域下傳統(tǒng)手工技藝類非遺紀錄片研究

羅蘭·巴特符號學視域下傳統(tǒng)手工技藝類非遺紀錄片研究摘要：

本文從羅蘭·巴特的符號學角度考察傳統(tǒng)手工技藝類非遺紀錄片的研究，探討符號學對于非遺文化研究的價值與意義。首先，介紹了非遺文化的基本概念和特點，分析傳統(tǒng)手工技藝類非遺紀錄片呈現(xiàn)的符號學特征以及符號學分析工具的運用。其次，選擇中國非遺文化中代表性的傳統(tǒng)手工技藝類非遺項目，如京劇臉譜彩繪、蘇繡、中國結等進行深入研究。通過對這些非遺項目的符號學分析，探討符號的意義、符號之間的關系以及符號的文化傳承作用。最后，提出符號學視域下非遺紀錄片的研究應該在深入挖掘符號文化的同時，關注非遺文化的現(xiàn)代傳承狀況，為非遺文化的保護和傳承提供思路和方法。

關鍵詞：羅蘭·巴特；符號學；非遺紀錄片；手工技藝類非遺；文化傳承

Abstract：

Thispaperexaminestraditionalhandicraftsnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmsfromtheperspectiveofRolandBarthes'semioticstoexplorethevalueandsignificanceofsemioticsforthestudyofintangibleculturalheritage.Firstly,thispaperintroducesthebasicconceptandcharacteristicsofintangibleculturalheritage,analyzesthesemioticfeaturespresentedintraditionalhandicraftsnon-heritagedocumentaryfilms,andappliesthetoolsofsemioticanalysis.Secondly,representativetraditionalhandicraftsnon-heritageprojectsinChineseintangibleculturalheritagesuchasBeijingoperafacialmakeuppainting,Suzhouembroidery,Chineseknotsandetc.arestudieddeeply.Throughthesemioticanalysisofthesenon-heritageprojects,themeaningofsymbols,therelationshipbetweensymbols,andtheculturalinheritancefunctionofsymbolsareexplored.Finally,itisproposedthatthestudyofnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmsfromtheperspectiveofsemioticsshouldpayattentiontothemoderninheritancestatusofintangibleculturalheritagewhileexploringthesymbolicculturein-depth,providingideasandmethodsfortheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.

Keywords:RolandBarthes;Semiotics;Non-heritagedocumentaryfilm;Traditionalhandicraftnon-heritage;Culturalinheritance。Inrecentyears,therehasbeengrowingconcernabouttheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.Asnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmsplayanimportantroleinpromotingculturalheritage,itisessentialtoexploretheirsignificancefromtheperspectiveofsemiotics.Semioticsisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthemeaningofsymbols,signs,andcodes.Itisaneffectivetoolforanalyzingculturalandsocialphenomena,includingnon-heritagedocumentaries.

RolandBarthes,aprominentsemiotician,definedcultureasasystemofsigns,whosemeaningissociallyconstructed.Throughhiswork,hedemonstratedthatmeaningisnotinherent,butconstructedthroughcultureandsocialpractices.Thisideacanbeappliedtotheanalysisofnon-heritagedocumentaryfilms.Byexploringthesymboliccodesinthesefilms,wecangainadeeperunderstandingoftheirculturalsignificanceandthebroadersocialcontextinwhichtheyaresituated.

Traditionalhandicraftnon-heritageisanexcellentexampleofsymboliccultureinnon-heritagedocumentaries.Traditionalhandicraftsareanimportantpartofintangibleculturalheritage,yetsomearenotformallydesignatedassuch.Thesecraftsaretransmittedorallyorthroughapprenticeship,andtheyreflecttheethosandvaluesofaparticularcommunity.Byanalyzingnon-heritagedocumentariesthatfeaturetraditionalhandicrafts,wecanexplorethemeaningbehindthesymbolismofthesecraftsandtheirculturalsignificance.

Furthermore,thestudyofnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmsfromtheperspectiveofsemioticsshouldalsopayattentiontothemoderninheritancestatusofintangibleculturalheritage.Intoday’srapidlychangingworld,manytraditionalcraftsareatriskofdisappearingduetofactorssuchasglobalization,urbanization,andmodernization.Byexploringthesymbolicculturein-depth,wecanidentifythevaluesandbeliefsthatareembeddedwithintraditionalhandicrafts.Thisunderstandingcanprovideideasandmethodsfortheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.

Inconclusion,thesignificanceofnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmsfromtheperspectiveofsemioticsliesintheirabilitytoexplorethesymbolicculturein-depthandprovideinsightsintothebroadersocialcontext.Thesefilmscanhelpusgainadeeperunderstandingoftraditionalhandicraftsandtheirculturalsignificancewhilealsoprovidingideasandmethodsfortheirprotectionandinheritanceinthemodernworld。Moreover,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmsalsoplayacrucialroleinraisingawarenessabouttheimportanceofculturalpreservationandpromotingculturaldiversity.Thesefilmscanreachawideaudience,includingthosewhoarenotfamiliarwithordonothaveaccesstotraditionalculturalpractices,therebyexpandingtheirknowledgeandappreciation.

Furthermore,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanhelpbridgethegapbetweendifferentgenerationsandcultures.Manytraditionalculturalpracticesarepasseddownthroughgenerations,butasyoungergenerationsbecomeincreasinglydisconnectedfromtheirculturalroots,thereisariskofthesepracticesbeinglost.Non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscancreateabridgebetweengenerationsbydocumentingthesepracticesandmakingthemaccessibletoawideraudience,includingyoungergenerations.

Inaddition,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanalsohelppromotesocialjusticeandhumanrightsbysheddinglightonculturalpracticesthatmayhavebeensuppressedormarginalized.Forinstance,sometraditionalhandicraftsareassociatedwithspecificminoritygroupsorcommunitiesandmayhavebeensubjecttodiscriminationorrepression.Bydocumentingandshowcasingthesepractices,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanhelppromoteequalityandrespectforculturaldiversity.

Overall,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmsareanessentialtoolforexploringandpreservingthesymboliccultureoftraditionalhandicrafts.Theycanprovideinsightsintothebroadersocialcontextandpromoteculturalpreservationanddiversity.Assuch,itiscrucialthatwecontinuetosupportandpromotenon-heritagedocumentaryfilmmakingasameansofprotectingandpromotingculturalheritage。Non-heritagedocumentaryfilmsarenotlimitedtoexploringandpreservingtraditionalhandicrafts.Theycanalsoshedlightonsocialandpoliticalissues,humanrights,environmentalconcerns,andothertopicsthataffectpeople'slives.Bydocumentingtheexperiencesofindividualsorcommunities,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanraiseawarenessandempathyforthosewhofacediscrimination,injustice,ormarginalization.

Forexample,documentariessuchas"13th"(2016)byAvaDuVernayor"IAmNotYourNegro"(2016)byRaoulPeckprovideacriticalexaminationofracismandinequalityinAmerica.Thesefilmsusearchivalfootage,interviews,andanalysistoshowhowthelegacyofslavery,segregation,andmassincarcerationhasshapedthepresent-dayrealityforblackpeopleintheUS.Byhighlightingthesystemicandstructuralnatureofracism,thesedocumentarieschallengeviewerstoconfronttheirownbiasesandassumptionsandtoworktowardsamorejustandequitablesociety.

Similarly,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanempowermarginalizedvoicesandamplifytheirstories.Theycanchallengemainstreamnarrativesandofferalternativeperspectivesonhistory,culture,andidentity.Forinstance,"TheActofKilling"(2012)byJoshuaOppenheimerexposesthegenocideinIndonesiain1965throughtheeyesoftheperpetrators.Byinterviewingformerleadersofdeathsquadswhostillholdpoliticalpower,thefilmrevealsthehorrifyingscaleofviolenceandimpunitythatcontinuestohauntthecountry.Bylettingthekillersreenacttheircrimeswithbizarretheatricality,thefilmexposesthedeep-rootedtraumaanddenialthatpermeatesIndonesiansociety.

Non-heritagedocumentaryfilmscanalsoserveasacatalystforsocialchangeandadvocateforhumanrights.Theycaninspireviewerstotakeaction,joinmovements,anddemandaccountabilityfromthoseinpower.Forexample,"TheInvisibleWar"(2012)byKirbyDickdocumentstheepidemicofsexualassaultintheUSmilitaryandexposestheinstitutionalcover-upandvictim-blamingthatperpetuatetheproblem.Bysharingpersonalstoriesofsurvivorsandwhistleblowers,thefilmsparkedanationalconversationandpromptedreformsinmilitarypolicyandculture.

Therefore,non-heritagedocumentaryfilmsplayavitalroleinpromotingequality,socialjustice,andculturaldiversity.Theyofferapowerfulmediumforstorytelling,education,andactivism.Theycanconnectuswithoursharedhumanityandfosterempathy,understanding,anddialogue.Theycanalsochallengeustoconfrontuncomfortabletruths,questionourassumptions,andimagineabetterworld.Assuch,weneedtocontinuetosupportandcelebratenon-heritagedocumentaryfilmmakerswhoarecommittedtousingtheirartasaforceforgood。Non-heritagedocumentaryfilmmakersholdacrucialroleinpromotingequality,socialjustice,andexposingculturaldiversity.Theyempoweraudienceswithapowerfulmediumtolearnaboutthedifferentaspectsofhumanculture,andtheexperiencesthatimpactourlives.Throughtheirwork,theyraiseawarenessaboutimportantissuesandprovideinsightsthathelpustounderstandtheworldbeyondourownexperiences.

Documentaryfilmshavethepotentialtoconnectusandfosterempathybyshowingusthestrugglesandtriumphsofothers.Forexample,throughdocumentaries,peoplecanlearnaboutthestrugglesfacedbyrefugeesfleeingfromwarzonesindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theycanalsolearnaboutthediscriminationthatpeopleofdifferentraces,genders,andsexualorientationsface,andthewaysinwhichtheyadvocatefortheirhumanrights.Throughthesefilms,viewerscanappreciatetheresilienceandstrengthofthehumanspiritinovercomingincredibleadversity.

Furthermore,documentaryfilmsnotonlyhighlighttheinjusticesandinequalitieswithinsocietybutpromptustoquestionourassumptionsandexamineourvalues.Throughdocumentaries,peoplecanlearnaboutissuesthattheymayhavebeenpreviouslyunawareoformayhavebeenmisinformedabout.Forinstance,documentariescaneducatepeopleabouttheimpactofclimatechange,howcorporationsoperateandhowdonatingtocharitycanhaveapositiveimpactonpeople'slives.Theprocessofviewingandengagingwithadocumentaryfilmcanchallengeindividualstolookcriticallyattheirownviewsandvalues,andhelpthemtobemoreopenandempathetictotheexperiencesofothers.

Documentaryfilmmakerswhoproducenon-heritagefilmshaveanimportantroleinamplifyingdiversevoicesthatmayhavebeenunderrepresentedinmainstreammedia.Forexample,femalefilmmakers,filmmakersofcolour,andthosefromeconomicallymarginalizedbackgroundsoftenlackaccesstotheresourcesrequiredtomakeanddistributetheirfilms.Documentariesprovideanavenueforthesevoicestobeheard,andtopromotechangesinsocialattitudesandpracticeswithinsociety.Bysharingthesestories,documentaryfilmmakersgiveustheopportunitytohearfromdifferentperspectivesandultimatelyworktocreateamorejustandequitablesociety.

Inconclusion,non-heritagedocumentariesareavaluableandnecessarytoolforpromotingsocialchange,highlightingunderrepresentedvoices,andfosteringempathywithinsociety.Throughthesefilms,documentaryfilmmakersengagewiththeiraudiencesandcreatemeaningfuldialogue,leadingtoagreaterunderstandingofthediversitywithinthehumanexperience.Wemustcontinuetosupportandcelebratenon-heritagedocumentaryfilmmakerswhoworktirelesslytocreatepositivesocialchangethroughtheirart。Documentarieshavethepowertotranscendculturalandgeographicboundariesandprovideviewerswithaglimpseintolivesandexperiencesdifferentfromtheirown.Theyhelptoraiseawarenessofissuesthatmaynotreceiveadequateattentionfrommainstreammediaandprovideaplatformforunderrepresentedvoicestobeheard.Thisisparticularlyimportantinaworldwherenewsandentertainmentmediaaredominatedbycommercialinterestsandsensationalheadlines.

Forexample,documentarieshaveplayedacrucialroleinhighlightingtheexperiencesofmarginalizedcommunitiessuchasLGBTQ+individuals,peoplelivingwithdisabilities,andethnicandreligiousminorities.Theychallengestereotypesandbringattentiontoimportantsocialissuessuchasdiscrimination,inequality,andinjustice.Throughthesefilms,wecanlearnaboutthestrugglesfacedbythesecommunitiesandthewaysinwhichtheyareworkingtowardschange.

Documentariescanalsoserveasacalltoaction,inspiringviewerstotakeactionandmakeadifferenceintheircommunities.Forexample,thedocumentary"HowtoSurviveaPlague"chronicledtheactivismoftheAIDSCoalitiontoUnleashPower(ACTUP)inthe1980sand1990s.ThefilmshedlightontheinjusticesfacedbypeoplelivingwithAIDSandthewaysinwhichtheyfoughtbackagainstdiscriminationandstigma.Thedocumentarygalvanizedviewerstotakeaction,leadingtoincreasedsupportforHIV/AIDSresearchandadvocacy.

Moreover,documentariesprovidevaluableinsightsintothelivesandexperiencesofindividualslivingindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theycanhelpusunderstandthecultural,economic,andsocialfactorsthatshapethelivesofpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.This,inturn,canfosterempathyandunderstanding,helpingtobridgethedividesthatseparateus.

Oneofthestrengthsofdocumentariesistheirabilitytoprovideanuancedperspectiveoncomplexissues.Unlikenewsmedia,whichoftenfocusonthesensationalandthedramatic,documentariesallowforadeeperexplorationofissuesandthemes.Theyoftenfeaturelong-forminterviews,personalstories,andhistoricalcontext,allowingviewerstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheissuesbeingpresented.

Despitetheimportantrolethatdocumentariesplayinpromotingsocialchange,manyindependentfilmmakersstruggletomakealivingfromtheirwork.Thelackoffundingforindependentfilmproductionmeansthatmanyimportantstoriesgountold,andmanytalentedfilmmakersareforcedtoworkinotherprofessions.Thisisalossnotonlytothefilmindustrybuttosocietyasawhole.

Inconclusion,documentariesareacrucialtoolforpromotingsocialchange,highlightingunderrepresentedvoices,andfosteringempathywithinsociety.Theyhavethepowertoeducate,inspire,andgalvanizeviewers,andareanimportantformofartisticexpression.Itisourresponsibilityasasocietytosupportandcelebratetheworkofnon-heritagedocumentaryfilmmakers,andtoworktowardscreatingaworldinwhichtheirstoriescanbeheard。Additionally,documentariescanserveasameansofpreservinghistoryandculture.Theyprovideawindowintothepastandallowfuturegenerationstolearnaboutimportanteventsandfiguresthathaveshapedourworld.Documentariescanalsoshedlightontraditions