高中英語形容詞和副詞及專項練習(xí)

高中英語形容詞和副詞及專項練習(xí)形容詞和副詞語法講解（一）形容詞和副詞概述形容詞是指那些用來描述或修飾名詞(或代詞)的一類詞。一般放在其所修飾的名詞之前。在句中用作定語、表語、補語、狀語等。多數(shù)形容詞具有比較等級。副詞是用以修飾動詞、形容詞、句子以及其他副詞的詞。在形式上，許多副詞帶有后綴ly。形容詞、副詞是中學(xué)英語重要語法項目，也是中考重要考查內(nèi)容?？疾橹攸c是：（1）考查形容詞與副詞區(qū)別。形容詞與副詞均屬修飾性詞類，但因被修飾內(nèi)容有所不同而具備不同的用法，中考非常注重對此進行考查，在單項選擇題中出現(xiàn)了大量此類試題。（2）考查“級”的范圍。兩個事物進行比較應(yīng)使用比較級，三個或三個以上事物進行比較應(yīng)使用最高級。（3）考查比較級、最高級的注意點：①同類事物進行比較。②將主語排除在被比較的范圍之外的比較，因為主語只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。③使用最高級時應(yīng)將主語包含在最高級的范圍之內(nèi)，否則離開這個范圍，主語便不能成為這個范圍中的最高級。（4）考查比較級的重要句型。比較級有許多熱點句型：frombadto

worse/worseandworse(每況愈下)；moreandmore(越來越多的，越來越……)；the+比較級，the+比較級(越……越……)。（5）考查as．．．a(chǎn)s同級比較句型。（6）考查比較級的程度修飾語。比較級的程度修飾語有：much，a1ot，even，still，abit，alittle等。（7）考查易混形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別（二）基礎(chǔ)知識梳理1．形容詞的用法和位置1）形容詞作表語，表明主語的性質(zhì)和特征，放在連系動詞之后。如：Computersareveryusefulinoureverydaylife．Leavesturnyellowinautumn．2）形容詞作定語，修飾名詞或不定代詞，通常放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。如：Thisisanunhealthydiet．Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snewspaper．3)形容詞作賓語補足語，放在賓語之后，與其構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如：Youshouldkeepyourclassroomcleanandtidy．Ifounditdifficulttogetonwellwiththemanager．2．副詞的用法和位置1）副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示動作、狀態(tài)的特征或某種性質(zhì)的程度。根據(jù)其用途與含義，副詞可分為下列六大類：（1）時間副詞。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon，already，yet等。（2）地點副詞。常用的有：here，there，up，down，above，below，inside，outside等。（3）疑問副詞。常見的有：where，when，why，how等。（4）程度副詞。常見的有：very，much，so，too，quite，enough等。（5）方式副詞。多由“形容詞+ly”后綴構(gòu)成。如：carefully，quickly，easily，quietly等。（6）頻度副詞。常用的有：always，often，sometimes，usually，hardly，never等。2）副詞在句中主要用作狀語。也可充當(dāng)定語、表語等。如：It’ssnowingheavilyoutside．（狀語，修飾動詞）Ihaveneverheardsuchabeautifulvoice．（狀語，修飾動詞）unluckily,hefailedinthis

physics

examagain．（狀語，修飾整個句子）Hewastooexcitedtosayaword．（狀語，修飾形容詞）Classisover．（表語）TheweatherhereisdifferentfromthatofSingapore．(定語)3）程度副詞通常位于被修飾的形容詞副詞之前，但enough則要放在后面。如：Itwasmuchmorefreezingtodaythanyesterday．HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim．Wegotupearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus．4）頻度副詞通常位于行為動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后，但一般不放在句末。如：Ihaveneverbeenlateforclass．Youmustalwaysworklikethat．5）幾個副詞同時出現(xiàn)時，其順序一般為：方式副詞+地點副詞+時間副詞(也可位于句首)。3．形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成分為三種類型：1）在大多數(shù)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的詞尾加er，est。（1）一般情況在詞尾加-er，est。如：hardharderhardest（2）以字母e結(jié)尾的只加-r，-st。如：largelargerlargest（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i，再加-er，est。如：healthyhealthierhealthiest（4）單元音單輔音結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫該輔音，再加-er，est。如：thinthinnerthinnest注：詞尾為ow，er，le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞都采用這種形式。如：narrow

narrower

narrowestclever

cleverer

cleverestsimple

simpler

simplest2）在多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞的詞前加more，most。另外，由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的形容詞，不論多少個音節(jié)都用這種形式。如：serious

moreserious

mostseriouspopular

morepopular

mostpopulartired

moretired

mosttiredpleased

morepleased

mostpleased3）不規(guī)則變化：good/well

better

bestbad/ill/badly

worse

worstmany/much

more

mostlittle

less

leastfar

farther/further

farthest/furthestold

older/elder

oldest/eldest4．形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1）同級比較。常用句型為：肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：as+形容詞（副詞）原級+as否定結(jié)構(gòu)：notso(as)+形容詞（副詞）原級+as如：Ourgardenisasbeautifulastheirs.Janedidn'twriteas/socarefullyashereldersister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍數(shù)或分數(shù)的修飾語，如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.2）程度不等的比較，常與than連用，其基本句型是：A+形容詞（副詞）比較級+thanB如：ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.Whichdoyoulikebetter,strawberriesorgrapes?3）最高級。最高級用于三者或三者以上的比較，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：the+形容詞（副詞）最高級+比較范圍（of/among/in短語）如：SpringisthebestseasoninShanghai.Davidisthecleverestamongthethreebrothers.Tomjumps(the)farthestofallthestudents.注：副詞的最高級前the可以省略。5．學(xué)習(xí)比較等級時的—些注意事項1）比較的對象應(yīng)當(dāng)一致。如：It'shotterinGuangzhouthanBeijing.（誤）It'shotterinGuangzhouthaninBeijing.（正）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman.（誤）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman’s.（正）2)不能與自身相比較。應(yīng)借助other或else來表達排除。3)形容詞和副詞的比較級前可以用以下單詞來修飾：much,even,far,abit,alittle,alot，still等。Thispairofshoesisevencheaper.Thenewtextbookisalittlethickerthantheoldone.HeisfiveyearsyoungerthanI.4)在比較級的句子中出現(xiàn)“ofthetwo”之類的結(jié)構(gòu)時，比較級前也需加定冠詞the。如：Heistheshorterofthetwoboys.Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?5)“比較級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越來越……”，多音節(jié)詞則要用“more+and+more+原級”。如：Ablockoficeisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.Iammoreandmoreinterestedinhistory.6)“the+比較級，the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越是……就越”。如：Thesooner,thebetter.（越快越好。）Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.形容詞與副詞專項訓(xùn)練1.

Norwayisoneof

________

EuropeancountrieswithalargelandareathanBritain,IrelandorItaly.A.

asbig

B.

thebiggest

C.

sobig

D.

thebigger2.

FiveofHenry’schildrenwereattheweddingparty,including

________

,Daniel.A.

anoldestone

B.

theoldestone

C.

theoldone

D.

anoldone3.

—CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?—IregrettotellyouherEnglishis

________

yours.A.

asgoodas

B.

nomorethan

C.

notbetterthan

D.

asmuchas4.

Ican’tpay

________

asheaskedfor.A.

aashighprice

B.

asahighprice

C.

ashighprice

D.

ashighaprice5.

—AreyousatisfiedwithJack’sjob?—Notintheleast.Itcouldn’tbe

________

.A.

sobad

B.

anyworse

C.

muchbetter

D.

thebest6.

—

Whatdoesthemodelplanelooklike?—Well,thewingsoftheplaneare

________

ofitsbody.A.

morethanthelengthtwice

B.

twicemorethanthelengthC.morethantwicethelength

D.

moretwicethanthelength7.

Itwas

________

thatbothmysonandmydaughtercouldn’tputitdown.A.

suchinterestingabook

B.

sointerestingabookC.asuchinterestingbook

D.

soaninterestingbook8.

MissLanghamarminarmwithMrPeabody

——

________

sight!A.

howastonishinga

B.

soanastonishing

C.whatastonishinga

D.

suchanastonishing9.

Duringthe

________

,heenjoyedagoodprimaryeducation.A.

firstfewhappyyearsabroad

B.

firsthappyfewyearsabroadC.happyfirstfewabroadyears

D.

firstabroadfewhappyyears10.

Inthe27thOlympicGames,LiuHongyuwassupposedtowinthegoldmedalinjogging;shefailedto,

________

.A.

yet

B.

though

C.

although

D.

anyway12.

Don’tworryaboutme.I’llforgetit

________

.A.

forlong

B.

sooner

C.

anylonger

D.

intime13.

—Wouldyoulikesomewine?—Idon’tdrinkwineasarule,butIdon’tmindaglass

________

.A.

atanytime

B.

onceinawhile

C.

moreorless

D.

allthetime14.

—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforacamp?—Youcouldn’thopefor

________

atthistimeoftheyear.A.

aniceday

B.

theniceday

C.

anicerday

D.

thenicestday15.

Theguestsare

________

friendsofthefilmstar.A.

mostly

B.

almost

C.

atmost

D.

mostofall16.

________

ofthetwoboyscanswimacrosstheriver.A.

Toeoldest

B.

Anolder

C.

Thestrongest

D.

Theolder17.

Hewillpasstwomilestones

________

,thatis,hewillreceivehismaster’sdegreeandfindachallengingjob.A.

longago

B.

notlongago

C.

beforelong

D.

longbefore18.

—Whatapity!I’venotgotaticketforthefootballmatch.—Don’tworry.It’llbebroadcast

________

.A.

live

B.

lively

C.

alive

D.

living19.

FinnishPresidentsaidFinland－Chinarelationshadprogressed

________

withfruitfulco-operation(合作)innewandhigh-techfields.A.

peacefully

B.

highly

C.

quietly

D.

smoothly20.

He’snotgotanotherjobyetandit’snot

________

hewillforsometime.A.

likely

B.

easily

C.

nearly

D.

lonely21.

Itisabeautifulcellphonebutitisnot

________

thepricethatIpaidforit.A.

reasonable

B.valuable

C.

fit

D.

worth22.

Theseshoesareso

________

thatIcan’tputthemon.A.

little

B.

close

C.

hard

D.

tight23.

It’s

________

alongtimesinceIstartedtoteachatthisschool.A.

quite

B.

much

C.

pretty

D.

so24.

Wedomeetnowandthen,butnot

________

.A.

freely

B.

commonly

C.

regularly

D.

presently25.

Ithinkthisexhibitionis

________

ofthetwo.Ihaveneverseen

________

exhibition.A.

byfarbetter;thebetter

B.

farbetter;abetterC.byfarthebetter;abetter

D.

farthebetter;abetter26.

Youdon’thavetobeangrywithhim.He

________

wantedtoknowthetruth.A.

almost

B.

mostly

C.

merely

D.

hardly27.

—Areyoupleasedwithwhathehasdone?—Itcouldn’tbe

________

.Whydidn’theputmoreeffortintohiswork?A.

anyworse

B.

muchbetter

C.

sobad

D.

thebest28.

—What’swrong?—Nothingserious.I’mjust

________

busy.A.

much

B.

more

C.

toomuch

D.

fartoo29.

Hemovedawayfromhisparentsandmissedthem

________

enjoytheexcitinglifeinChina.A.

toomuchto

B.

verymuchto

C.

enoughto

D.

muchsoasto30.

Thelittleboyisn’tgettingonwellinmathsandworsestill,heisevenunwillingtogotoschool.Withherson

________

,shefeelsvery

________

.A.

disappointing；worrying

B.

disappointing；worriedC.disappointed；worried

D.

disappointed；worrying【答案解析】1.

D.than是解題的關(guān)鍵詞，即有than必用比較級。2.

B.由five可知要用最高級，最高級前面用the。3.

C.句意為“我遺憾地告訴你，她的英語不如你的好”。4.

D.在as…as中，第一個as是副詞，后面一定是先接形容詞，再接名詞，即：as+adj.+n.+as，故選D。5.

B.由notintheleast(一點也不滿意)可知，“再也沒有做得(比他的)更差的了”。6.

C.考查倍數(shù)表達法：①倍數(shù)+as…as…②倍數(shù)+比較級+than…③倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,width,height等)+of…。選項中morethan是最大的干擾項，morethantwice(=overtwice)意為“兩倍多”。7.

B.sointerestingabook=suchaninterestingbook請注意冠詞的位置。8.

A.根據(jù)后面的標點“!”，可排除B和D；注意：howastonishingasight=whatanastonishingsight.9.

A.詞序題。副詞abroad只能放在所修飾的名詞后面，排除C和D。又根據(jù)“限定語(冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、few,less,several等某些量詞)+形容詞(描繪、大小、形狀、年齡新舊、顏色、國籍或產(chǎn)地、物質(zhì)材料、用途)+名詞”可排除B，因為限定詞few應(yīng)放在形容詞happy之前。10.

B.though既可作連詞，可與although可互換；也可作副詞，位于句子末尾，此時，不能用although。yet也可表示“但是”，但不位于句末。anyway=anyhow意為“無論如何、不管怎樣”。11.

D.else常放在疑問詞(如what,who,how等)或者復(fù)合不定代詞(如someone,nothing,everyb