高一英語知識點

高一英語知識點總結(jié)（上冊）

重點詞組：1.

fond

of

“喜愛，愛好”

接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式。例如：He’s

fond

of

swimming.

他喜歡游泳。Are

you

fond

of

fresh

vegetables.

你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?He

is

fond

of

his

research

work.

他喜愛他的研究工作。2.

hunt

for

=

look

for尋找I

have

found

the

book

I

was

hunting

for.我找到了那本我在找的書。hunt

for

a

job

找工作3.

in

order

to,

so

as

to

這兩個詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語,

in

order

to可放于句首,

so

as

to則不能,

其否定形式為in

order

not

to

/

so

as

not

to.

如:He

went

to

Beijing

in

order

/

so

as

to

attend

an

important

meeting.In

order

to

be

noticed,

he

shouted

and

waved

to

us.為了讓我們注意他,

他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。4.

care

about1)

喜歡，對……有興趣

=

care

forShe

doesn’t

care

about

money.她不喜歡錢。2）關(guān)心

=

care

forShe

thinks

only

of

herself.

She

doesn’t

care

about

other

people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。3）在乎，在意（接從句或不接任何成分）These

young

people

care

nothing

about

what

old

people

might

say.這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。5.

such

as

意為“諸如……”，“像……”，是用來列舉人或事物的。She

teaches

three

subjects,

such

as

physics

and

chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學(xué)。6.

drop

*

a

line

留下便條,

寫封短信7、make

yourself

at

home

別客氣；隨便；無拘束（1）

If

you

get

to

my

house

before

I

do,

help

yourself

to

a

drink

and

make

yourself

at

home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝點飲料，隨便一點。8、stay

up

不睡；熬夜（1）

I'll

be

late

home,

don't

stay

up

for

me.我將回家很晚，不要等我了。（2）

He

stayed

up

reading

until

2:00

in

the

morning.他熬夜看書直到凌晨兩點。9、come

about

引起；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生（1）How

did

the

accident

come

about?這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的？（2）

They

didn't

know

how

the

change

had

come

about.他們不知道這個變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。10、except

for

除……之外（1）

except

與

except

for

的用法常有區(qū)別。except

多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項。如：①He

answered

all

the

questions

except

the

last

one.除去最后一個，他回答了所有問題。②We

go

there

every

day

except

Sunday.除了星期天，我們天天去那里。（2）except

for

用于引述細節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except

for

one

old

lady,

the

bus

was

empty.除去一個老太太，這輛公共汽車全空了。②Your

picture

is

good

except

for

the

colours.你的畫兒很好，只是某些色彩有問題。（3）但在現(xiàn)代英語中，except

for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一個例子可以是：He

answered

all

the

questions

except

for

the

last

one.（4）

另外，在介詞短語之前只能用except，不能用except

for。如：We

go

to

bed

before

ten,

except

in

the

summer.除了夏季，我們通常十點之前上床睡覺。11、end

up

with

以……告終；以……結(jié)束（1）

The

party

ended

up

with

an

English

song.聚會以一首英文歌結(jié)束。12、more

or

less

幾乎；差不多；大約；大概；大體上（1）

I've

more

or

less

succeeded,

but

they

haven't.我差不多成功了，而他們沒有。（2）

Our

living

condition

has

more

or

less

improved.我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、bring

in

引進；引來；吸收（1）

We

should

bring

in

new

technology.我們應(yīng)該引進新技術(shù)。（2）

He

brings

in

800

dollars

a

month.他一個月掙八百美元。14、get

away（from）

逃離（1）The

thieves

got

away

from

the

shop

with

all

our

money.小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。（2）I

caught

a

really

big

fish

but

it

got

away.我釣到了一條好大的魚，可是它逃掉了。15、watch

out

（for）注意；留心（1）Watch

out!

There

is

a

car

coming.小心！汽車來了。（2）Watch

out

for

the

hole

in

the

road.留神路上的那個坑。16、see

sb.

off

給某人送行Tomorrow

I

will

see

my

friend

off

at

the

railway

station.明天我到火車站給朋友送行。17、on

the

other

hand

另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的觀點、意見等，常說on

the

one

hand

……

on

the

other

hand一方面……另一方面）I

know

this

job

of

mine

isn't

well

paid,

but

on

the

other

hand

I

don't

have

to

work

long

hours.我知道這份工作報酬不高，但從另一方面來說，我也不必工作太長時間。18、as

well

as

*

(sth)而且He

is

a

talented

musician

as

well

as

being

a

photographer.她不但是攝影師還是個天才的音樂家。19、take

place

發(fā)生

take

one’s

place

入座、站好位置、取得地位take

sb’s

place

或take

the

place

of

*

/

sth代替、取代The

Olympic

Games

take

place

/

are

held

every

four

years.

20、on

fire

相當于burning,

意為“燃燒；著火；起火”，有靜態(tài)的含意。Catch

fire有動態(tài)的含意。

Set…

on

fire

/

set

fire

to

…用來表示“使……著火”、“放火燒……”。例如：

Look,

the

theatre

is

on

fire!

Let’s

go

and

help.瞧，劇院著火了，咱們?nèi)兔然鸢伞?/p>

21、on

holiday

在度假，在休假中

When

I

was

on

holiday,

I

visited

my

uncle.

我在度假的時候去看望了叔叔。

holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”

Tom

and

I

are

going

to

have

a

holiday.

我和湯姆準備去度假。

I've

already

had

my

holidays

this

year.

我今年已經(jīng)度過假了。

22、travel

agency

A

business

that

attends

to

the

details

of

transportation,

itinerary,

and

accommodations

for

travelers.

旅行社一種為旅行者提供細致的運輸、旅行和住宿方面服務(wù)的行業(yè)

Also

called:

travel

bureau

23、take

off

1)脫下(衣服等),

解(除)掉

He

took

off

his

wet

shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。

2）（飛機）起飛

The

plane

took

off

on

time.

It

was

a

smooth

take-off.飛機準時起飛。起飛非常順利。

3）匆匆離開

The

six

men

got

into

the

car

and

took

off

for

the

park.這六個人上了車，匆匆離開去公園。

24.

go

wrong

v.

走錯路,

誤入岐途,

(機器等)發(fā)生故障

25.

in

all

adv.

總共

26.

stay

away

v.外出

27.

look

up

查詢（如賓語為代詞，則代詞放中間）

Look

up

the

word

in

the

dictionary.在字典里查單詞。

相關(guān)詞組：look

for

尋找；look

after照顧，照料；

look

forward

to期待；look

into調(diào)查；

look

on旁觀；look

out注意；look

out

for注意，留心，提防；look

over翻閱，查看，檢查；look

around環(huán)視；look

through翻閱，查看。

28、run

after追逐，追求

If

you

run

after

two

hares,

you

will

catch

neither.同時追兩只兔子，你一只也抓不到。

29、on

the

air廣播

We

will

be

on

the

air

in

five

minutes.我們五分鐘以后開始廣播。

This

programme

comes

on

the

air

at

the

same

time

every

day.這個節(jié)目每天在同一時間播出。

30、think

highly/well/much

of對……評價很高,

贊賞,

對……印象好

He

was

highly

thought

of

by

the

manager.經(jīng)理對他非常贊賞。

I

think

well

of

your

suggestion.我覺得你的建議很好。

think

badly/nothing/little/lowly

of……認為不好,

好……不在意,

不贊成,

覺得……不怎么樣

I

don’t

think

much

of

him

as

a

teacher.我覺得他作為一個老師不怎么樣。

31.

leave

out

1)

漏掉

You

made

a

mistake—You’ve

left

out

a

letter

“t”.你出錯了—你漏掉了一個字母t.

2)

刪掉,

沒用

I

haven’t

changed

or

left

out

a

thing.我沒有作出變動也沒有刪掉任何東西。

32.

stare

at

（由于好奇、激動等張著嘴巴，睜大眼睛地）凝視，盯著看

Don’t

stare

at

foreigners.

It’s

impolite.不要盯著外國人看，這樣不禮貌。

比較：glare

at

（to

stare

angrily

at）怒視著

這兩個小男孩互相怒視著，隨時準備開戰(zhàn)。

33.

make

jokes

about

就……說笑

They

make

jokes

about

my

old

hat.他們就我的舊帽子說笑我。

have

a

joke

with

…

about

…跟某人開關(guān)于某事的玩笑。

He

stopped

to

have

a

joke

with

me.他停下來跟我開玩笑。play

a

joke

on…開某人的玩笑

We

played

jokes

on

each

other.

我們互相開玩笑。

v.

joke

about取笑

They

joked

about

my

broken

English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的英.45.take

over

接管；接替；繼承

what

is

good

and

still

useful

should

be

taken

over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當繼承。

Our

chairman

has

left,

so

Jack

will

take

over

(his

job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克將接

管（他的工作）。

46.

break

down

1)

破壞；拆散

Chemicals

in

the

body

break

our

food

down

into

useful

substances.

人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。

The

peace

talks

are

said

to

have

broken

down.

(喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。

2)（機器）損壞

Our

truck

broke

down

outside

town.

我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。

The

car

broke

down

halfway

to

the

destination.汽車在到達目的地的中途拋錨了。

3)

失??；破裂

Their

opposition

broke

down.他們的反對意見打消了。

4)

精神崩潰；失去控制

He

broke

down

and

wept.

他不禁失聲痛哭。

5)

起化學(xué)變化

Food

is

broken

down

by

chemicals.

化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。

47、get

on

one’s

feet

1）站起來;站起來發(fā)言

2）(=stand

on

one's

feet)自立,

經(jīng)濟上獨立

3）(人)病好了,

可以起床了;

(使)恢復(fù),

復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè))

48、go

through

1)

經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到

These

countries

have

gone

/

been

through

too

many

wars.這些國家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。

2)

完成；做完

I

didn't

want

to

go

through

college.我不想上完大學(xué)。

3）通過；批準

The

law

has

gone

through

Parliament.

議會已經(jīng)通過了這項法案。

Their

plans

went

through.

他們的計劃得到了批準。

4）全面檢查；搜查

They

went

through

our

luggage

at

the

customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。45.take

over

接管；接替；繼承

what

is

good

and

still

useful

should

be

taken

over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當繼承。

Our

chairman

has

left,

so

Jack

will

take

over

(his

job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克將接

管（他的工作）。

46.

break

down

1)

破壞；拆散

Chemicals

in

the

body

break

our

food

down

into

useful

substances.

人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。

The

peace

talks

are

said

to

have

broken

down.

(喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。

2)（機器）損壞

Our

truck

broke

down

outside

town.

我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。

The

car

broke

down

halfway

to

the

destination.汽車在到達目的地的中途拋錨了。

3)

失敗；破裂

Their

opposition

broke

down.他們的反對意見打消了。

4)

精神崩潰；失去控制

He

broke

down

and

wept.

他不禁失聲痛哭。

5)

起化學(xué)變化

Food

is

broken

down

by

chemicals.

化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。

47、get

on

one’s

feet

1）站起來;站起來發(fā)言

2）(=stand

on

one's

feet)自立,

經(jīng)濟上獨立

3）(人)病好了,

可以起床了;

(使)恢復(fù),

復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè))

48、go

through

1)

經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到

These

countries

have

gone

/

been

through

too

many

wars.這些國家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。

2)

完成；做完

I

didn't

want

to

go

through

college.我不想上完大學(xué)。

3）通過；批準

The

law

has

gone

through

Parliament.

議會已經(jīng)通過了這項法案。

Their

plans

went

through.

他們的計劃得到了批準。

4）全面檢查；搜查

They

went

through

our

luggage

at

the

customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。重點句型

1．“So

+

be／have／助動詞／情態(tài)動詞＋主詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的語序是倒裝的，“So”代替上句中的某個成分。如果上面一句是否定句，則使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如

He’s

tired，and

so

am

I．(＝I’

m

also

tired．)

You

can

swim，and

so

can

I．(＝I

can

also

swim．)

She

has

had

supper，and

so

can

I．(＝I’ve

had

lunch，too．)

Tom

speaks

English，and

so

does

his

sister．(＝His

sister

speaks

English，too．)

A:

I

went

to

the

park

yesterday．

B:

So

did

I．(＝I

also

went

to

the

park

yesterday．)

2．“So

+主語+be／have／助動詞／情態(tài)動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序，so相當于indeed,certainly,表示說話人對前面或?qū)Ψ剿f情況的肯定、贊同或證實，語氣較強，意思是“確實如此”。

例如

A：It

was

cold

yesterday．昨天很冷。

B：So

it

was．的確如此。(＝Y(jié)es，it

was．)

A：You

seem

to

like

sports．

B：So

I

do．(＝Y(jié)es，I

do．)

A：It

will

be

fine

tomorrow．

B：So

it

will．(＝Y(jié)es

，it

will．)

3．“主語+do/does/did

+

so”結(jié)構(gòu)指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do

so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重復(fù)。

My

Chinese

teacher

told

me

to

hand

in

my

composition

on

time

and

I

did

so.(=I

handed

in

my

composition

on

time.)

語文老師叫我按時交作文,

我照辦了。

4．So

it

is

with…或

It

is

the

same

with…句型表示

“……(的情況)也是如此?！碑斍懊娴木渥又杏袔追N不同形式的謂語時，要表示相同情況，必須使用本句型，不能使用so

引起的倒裝句。

She

doesn’t

play

the

piano,

but

she

likes

singing.

So

it

is

with

my

sister.

5、There

you

are.

行了，好。

這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語。如：

There

you

are!

Then

let's

have

some

coffee.

除此之外，還可以表示“瞧，對吧（果然如此）”的語氣。例如：

There

you

are!

I

knew

we

should

find

it

at

last.

對吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。

6、have

some

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth.

干某事有困難；接名詞時，常用句型：have

some

difficulty

with

sth.

①Do

you

have

any

difficulty

(in)

understanding

English?

你理解英語口語有困難嗎？

②She

said

she

had

some

difficulty

with

pronunciation.

她說她在發(fā)音方面有困難。

7、have

a

good

knowledge

of

sth.

“掌握……”，“對……有某種程度的了解”

①He

has

a

good

knowledge

of

London.

他對倫敦有所了解。

②A

good

knowledge

of

languages

is

always

useful.8、Tree

after

tree

went

own,

cut

down

by

the

water,

which

must

have

been

three

metres

deep.

一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深。

“must

have

+

過去分詞”表示對已發(fā)生事情的猜測。在英語中，must，may，can三個情態(tài)動詞可用來表示對事情的猜測。Must意為“肯定”，語氣很有把握；may意為“可能”、“也許”，語氣把握性不大。兩者常用在肯定句中。Can意為“肯定”、“也許”，常用在否定句或疑問句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜測時，其后面可跟三種不同的動詞形式：1）跟動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在事情的猜測；

2）跟be

doing表示對正在發(fā)生事情的猜測；3）跟have

done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的猜測。例如：

Helen

is

Lucy’s

good

friend.

She

must

know

Lucy’s

e-mail.海倫是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。

We

can

hear

loud

voices

in

the

meeting

room.

They

must

be

quarrelling.我們可以聽到會議

室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。

I

met

Jeff

at

the

gate

a

moment

ago.

He

can’t

have

gone

to

Australia.我剛才還在大門口見

過杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。

9、Wei

Bin

took

out

some

peanuts

and

it

was

fun

to

see

the

monkey

eat

from

his

hand.魏彬拿出一些花生?？粗镒訌乃稚铣曰ㄉ苡腥?。

fun

“好玩，趣事”，不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞a。

You’re

sure

to

have

some

fun

at

the

party

tonight.

今天晚上你肯定會玩得很開心。

make

fun

of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People

make

fun

of

him

only

because

he

is

wearing

such

astrange

jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因為他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。

funny

adj.

“可笑的，滑稽的”。He

looks

very

funny

in

his

father’s

jacket.他穿著他父親

的衣服，看上去很滑稽。

10、Many

people

who

saw

the

film

were

afraid

to

swim

in

the

sea……

許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。

afraid

用法說明：

1）害怕人/

物，如：be

afraid

of

*

/

sth

2）不敢做某事，如：be

afraid

to

do

sth

/

of

doing

sth

He

is

afraid

to

go

out

/

of

going

out

alone

at

night.

3)

擔心會發(fā)生某事,

如:

be

afraid

of

doing

sth或be

afraid

+

that

clause

He

seldom

stands

on

the

river

bank

because

he

is

afraid

of

falling

into

the

river.

He

seldom

stands

on

the

river

bank

because

he

is

afraid

that

he

might

fall

into

the

river.

4)

給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時,

用I’m

afraid

…,

如:

I’m

afraid

I’ve

got

bad

news

for

you.

I’m

afraid

I

can’t

agree

with

you.

11、It

is

polite

to

finish

eating

everything

on

your

plate.把你盤子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。

這是一個動詞不定式作主語的句型，其中to

finish

eating

everything

是主語，it是形式主語。

12、I

wish

you

all

the

best.我祝你萬事如意.

用wish來表示祝愿的結(jié)構(gòu)是wish

*

sth,

此外我們還可以用may來表示祝愿:

May

*

do

sth如:

May

you

succeed.

13、Where

there

is

a

river,

there

is

a

city.

有河流的地方就有城市。

Where在這里引導(dǎo)的是地點狀語從句，相當于介詞in/

at/

to

+

the

place

+

where從句9定語從句），意思是“在……地方”。

例如：

Where

there

is

smoke,

there

is

fire.無風(fēng)不起浪；事出有因。

He

lives

where

the

climate

is

mild.他住在氣候溫暖的地方。

14、Strong,

proud,

and

united,

the

people

of

St

Petersburg

are

the

modern

heroes

of

Russia

.

圣彼得堡人民堅強不屈、充滿自豪、團結(jié)一致，他們是俄羅斯當代的英雄。

Strong,

proud,

and

united為前置定語，在這里相當于一個非限制性定語從句：

The

people

of

St

Petersburg

,

who

are

strong,

proud,

and

united,

are

the

modern

heroes

of

Russia

.

當主語比較短時，這類短語常常放在句首。

15.

Congratulations!是一句祝賀用語，在使用時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其他幾個通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表達特定含義的名詞有：

manners（禮貌）：He

is

a

little

boy

with

good

manners.這個小男孩很有禮貌。

regards

(問候)：Please

send

my

regards

to

your

parents.請代我問候你父母。

16.

Every

four

years

athletes

from

all

over

the

world

take

part

in

the

Olympic

Games.

沒四年，世界各地的運動員們都要參加奧運會。

“every

+

基數(shù)詞

+

時間/

距離單位”詞表示“每多少時間/

距離”。如：

every

five

days（每五天）,

every

three

hours（每三小時）,

every

ten

metres（每十公尺）

類似表達形式還有：every

fifth

day,

every

third

hour

“每隔一天”的表達形式有：every

second

day,

every

two

days,

every

other

day.

17、Modern

cellphones

are

more

than

just

phones—they

are

used

as

cameras

and

radios,

and

to

send

e-mail

or

surf

the

Internet.現(xiàn)代的手機不僅僅是電話機—它們也當坐照相機和收音機使用，還可以發(fā)送電子郵件和上網(wǎng)。

use

A

as

B

把A用作B。例如：

In

ancient

times,

people

used

stones

as

tools

for

farming.在古代，人們把石頭用作耕作的工具。

use

sth

to

do

sth用某物來做某事。例如：

In

ancient

times,

people

used

stones

to

kill

animals

for

food.

在古代，人們用石頭來捕殺動物獲取食物。

18、The

answer

seems

to

be

that

we

have

a

need

to

stay

in

touch

with

friends

and

family

no

matter

where

we

are

or

what

we

are

doing.答案似乎是：無論我們在何處或正在做什么，我們都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持聯(lián)系。

1)

seem

似乎，好像，其用法及搭配有：

seem

+

adj.,

如：

This

problem

seems

complicated,

but

actually

it

is

simple.

這個問題看似復(fù)雜，其實很簡單。

seem

to

do

I

seem

to

have

seen

him

somewhere

before.我好像以前在哪兒見過他。

It

seems

that…,

It

seems

that

everything

is

going

on

well.好像一切正常。

It

seems

as

if…,

It

seems

as

if

it’s

going

to

rain.看來快要下雨了。

2)

no

matter無論，不管，后面常跟疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其意相當于疑問詞后加ever。如

no

matter

what=whatever;

no

matter

where=wherever;

no

matter

how=however;

no

matter

when=whenever例如：

No

matter

when

(Whenever)

I

meet

him,

he

is

always

wearing

that

old

hat.

不管我什么時候遇見他，他總是戴著那頂舊禮帽。

No

matter

how

(However)

expensive

the

cellphone

is,

I’ll

buy

it

because

I

need

one

badly.

無論這手機有多貴，我都要買。因為我急需有個手機。

重點語法重點語法：

直接引語和間接引語

1.

直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

eg:

“I

broke

your

CD

player.”

(一般過去時改成過去完成時)

He

told

me