食品專業(yè)英語詞匯

食品專業(yè)英語常用詞匯海南大學(xué)食品學(xué)院編化學(xué)名詞中常用的數(shù)目詞頭1/2hemi,semi19nonadeca1mono,uni20eicosa2di,bi,bis21heneicosa3tri,ter22docosa4tetra,quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa,sexi25pentacosa7hepta,septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea,nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca,hendeca30triaconta12dodeca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、詞頭mono- .uni- .

bi-二Butyl-」基di-二Amyl-戊基tri-三Hexyl-己基tertio-三Heptyl-庚基tertrial-三Octyl-幸苴十基tetra-四Nonyl-壬基quart-四Decyl-癸基penta-五Cyclo-環(huán)hexa-六Iso-異hepta-七Hemi-半octa-八Semi-半nona-九Hemo-血deca-十Homo-同undeca-一Holo-完全dodeca-十二Heter(o)-雜，異，其它trideca-十三Ov-卵tetradeca-十四alkane烷烴pentadeca-十五paraffin石蠟hexadeca-十六olefin石蠟Heptadeca-十七alkene烯烴Octadeca-十八alkyne快烴Nonadeca-十九alcohol醇Arachidic-二十ketone酮Methyl-甲基aldehyde醛Ethyl-乙基phenol酚Propyl-丙基ether醚

acid酸t(yī)hio-硫-ester酯sulfonyl-磺酰amine月安fluoro-氟代amide酰胺chloro-氯代acylhalide酰鹵iodo-碘代halide鹵代物bromo-澳代quinone酉昆hydroxyl(l)-羥基hyper-過于，超，極度carboxy(l)-竣基super-過于，超，極度carbony(l)-羰基hypo-次，亞，在…之下alkyl烷基per-高alkoxyl烷氧基oligo-寡，少數(shù)的amido酰胺基ortho-正-，鄰-，（o-）amino氨基meta-偏-，間-，（m-）imino亞氨基para-傍-，對(duì)-，副-sulfhydryl巰基normal正-guanidino胍基trans反-imidazole咪唑基cis順-methylol羥甲基benzyl卜基methylene亞甲基benzoyl苯甲酰（基）primary伯-，一級(jí)acetyl乙?；鵶econdary仲-，二級(jí)propionyl丙?；鵷ertiary叔-，三級(jí)butyryl「?；鵴uaternary季-，四級(jí)thionyl亞硫?；?、詞尾-ane-烷-ene-烯

-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-快-ide-配-化--enol-烯醇-ite-亞鹽-ol-醇-itol-糖醇-al-醛-oside-糖苷-aldehyde-醛-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-one-酮-ose-醛糖-amine-胺-ulose-酮糖-amide-酰胺-an-聚糖-imine-亞胺-yl-基-ate-鹽，-酯-genin-配基-ester-酯-ase-酶-ether-醚3有機(jī)酸與核苷酸Formicacid甲酸Stearica.硬脂酸Acetica.乙酸Oleica.油酸Propionica.丙酸Linoleica.亞油酸Butyrica.丁酸Linolenica.亞麻酸Caproica.己酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Heptoica.庚酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸Caprylica.辛酸butannoic丁酸Caprica.癸酸hexanoic己酸Laurica.月桂酸heptylate,庚酸Myristica.肉豆蔻酸heptanoatePalmitica.棕櫚酸（軟脂酸）octanoic,octoic辛酸Palmitoleica.棕櫚油酸decanoic癸酸

dodecanoic十二酸Tannic丹寧酸t(yī)etradecanoic十四酸Tannin單寧hexadecanoic十六酸Benzoic苯甲酸9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸Sorbic山梨酸octadecanoic十八酸Adenosine(A)腺昔9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸Guanosine(G)鳥苷9,12,15-octadecatrien十八碳三烯酸Cyridine(C)胞昔oicUridine(U)尿苷Arachidic二十酸Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶5,8,11,14-eicostetrae二十碳四烯酸Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶noicUracil(Ura)尿嘧啶13-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Nucleicacid核酸Citric檸檬酸Nucleotide核苷酸Lactic乳酸Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Deoxyribonucleic脫氧核糖核酸Malic蘋果酸Nucleoside核苷Tartaric酒石酸Ribose核糖Oxalic草酸Purine嘌吟Amber琥珀酸Adenine(Ade)腺嘌吟Fumaric富馬酸Guanine(Gua)鳥嘌吟Succinic琥珀酸Pyrimidine嘧啶4糖類與脂類furanose呋喃糖xylose木糖pyranose吡喃糖ribose核糖arabinose阿拉伯糖glucose葡萄糖

fructose果糖monosaccharide單糖galactose半乳糖monose單糖mannose甘露糖monosaccharose單糖sorbose山梨糖disaccharide雙糖fucose巖藻糖disaccharose雙糖galacturonicacid半乳糖醛酸t(yī)riose三碳糖glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸t(yī)etrose四碳糖oligosaccharide寡糖aldose醛糖oligose寡糖Ketose酮糖polysaccharide多糖homoglycan同（均）聚糖polyose多糖heteroglycan雜聚糖mucopolysaccharide粘多糖glycan聚糖sucrose蔗糖glycosan聚糖maltose麥芽糖glucan葡聚糖isomaltose異麥芽糖fructosan果聚糖dextrin糊精xylan木聚糖cyclodextrin環(huán)狀糊精mannan甘露聚糖amylose直鏈淀粉hexosan己聚糖amylopectin支鏈淀粉glycoside糖普，配糖物glycogen糖原glucosyl葡萄糖（基）cellulose纖維素glycerol甘油hemicellulose半纖維素glycerine甘油pecticsubstances果膠質(zhì)glycoritol甘油酸鹽protopectin原果膠glycerate甘油糖醇levulose左旋糖sorbitol山梨糖醇dextrose右旋糖glucitol葡萄糖醇

xylitol木糖醇glycerin單硬脂酸甘油酯mannitol甘露糖醇triolein三油酸甘油酯syrup糖漿phosphatide磷脂goldensyrup糖蜜，佐餐糖漿phospholipid磷脂molasses（廢）糖蜜glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂caramel焦糖，醬色lecithin卵磷脂molassesmass廢糖蜜漿cephalin腦磷脂caramelize焦糖化glycolipid糖酯saturatedfatty飽和脂肪酸choline膽堿acidinositol肌醇glyceride甘油酯ethanolamine乙醇胺glycerinester甘油酯sterol固醇triglyceride甘油三酸酯cholesterol膽固醇tristearin二硬脂酸甘油酯steroid類固醇化合物5、分析reagent試劑identificationsequesteringagent螯合劑opticalanalysis光學(xué)分析chelatingagent螯合劑accuracy準(zhǔn)確度qualitative定性分析precision精密度analysisdeviation偏差quantitative定量分析error誤差analysisvisible -可見-紫外methylred甲基紅ultravioletmethylorange甲基橙absorbance吸光度neutralred中性紅spectralcurve光譜曲線sensuous感觀鑒定titrimetry滴定分析

standardcurve標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線conicalflask三角瓶standardization標(biāo)定graduatedcylinder量筒fluorometry熒光分析法funnel漏斗fluorescenceTfeSi/.火光desiccator干燥器spectrometry光譜測(cè)定法desiccant干燥劑massspectrometry質(zhì)譜法dryingoven烘箱volumetricflask容量瓶defecate用石灰澄清beaker燒杯defect缺陷，疵病flask燒瓶6、無機(jī)鹽sodiumcarbonate碳酸鈉Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氫鈉oxide氧化物sodiumbisulphate硫酸氫鈉fluoride氟化物Sodiumbisulphate亞硫酸氫鈉fluorine氟phosphite亞磷酸鹽chloride氯化物phosphate磷酸鹽chlorine(Cl)氯disodiumphosphate磷酸氫二鈉bromide澳化物phosphide磷化物bromine(Br)澳Mono-sodiumphosphate磷酸氫鈉iodide碘化物nitrate硝酸鹽iodine(I)碘Nitrite亞硝酸鹽carbide碳化物Sulphur(S)硫silicate硅酸鹽Sulphuricacid硫酸iodate碘酸鹽Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸鹽Chloride漂白粉Sulphurousacid亞硫酸bleachingpowder漂白粉Sulphite(sulfite)亞硫酸鹽high test漂白精

hypochloriteHydroxide氫氧根離子Hypochlorite次氯酸鹽Chlorinity氯含量Perchlorate高氯酸鹽Cyanide氰化物Chlorate正氯酸鹽Cyanicacid氰酸7食品化學(xué)emulsifier乳化器，乳化劑antiadhesive抗粘著劑emulsion乳濁液Anti-cakingagent抗結(jié)塊劑Glycerinmonostearate單硬脂酸甘油酯Benzylacetate乙酸芐酯Soybean大豆磷脂antimold防霉劑phospholipidIsoamylacetate乙酸異戊酯spicery香料，佐料Antisepticagent消毒劑seasoning佐料，調(diào)味料Sweetener甜味劑seasoner佐料，調(diào)味料Antitoxic解毒劑Seasoningmatter佐料，調(diào)味料Thickener增稠劑Sweetorangeoil甜橙油Synergist增效劑Mandarinoil橘子油Sodiumalginate海藻酸鈉Lemonoil檸檬油Stabilizer穩(wěn)定劑Spearmintoil薄荷油carboxy methyl竣甲基纖維素vanillin香蘭素cellulosemaltol麥芽酚adsorption吸附等溫線ethylmaltol乙基麥芽酚isothermActivecarbon活性碳desorption解吸diatomaceous硅藻土resorption回吸kaolin高嶺土，白陶土moisture濕度，水分antifoamer消泡劑centrifugate離心

clarify澄清，凈化Impermeability不滲透性，氣密性clarification澄清，凈化Osmoticpressure滲透壓homogenize均質(zhì)，均化Depolymerize解聚homogenate勻漿Hydrolysis水解作用emulsify乳化Pyrolysis熱解，高溫分解Deshell脫殼Browning褐變Decorticate脫皮Rancidity酸敗Degum脫膠Palatability可口性Defatting脫脂Lubrication潤滑Dehull脫殼Solubility溶解度/性Degrease脫脂Solvability溶解能力Hygroscopicity吸濕性Dipolar偶極Diffusion擴(kuò)散性Dielectric介電常數(shù)Viscosity粘性，粘度constantVolatility揮發(fā)性Equilibrium平衡常數(shù)Plasticity可塑性constantpermeability滲透性8常見食品分類名詞mango芒果longan龍眼cashew腰果plum李，梅pomegranate石榴jujube棗guava番石榴hawthorn山楂Passionfruit西番蓮papaya木瓜mandarin(e)蜜橘，橘sugarcane甘蔗orange橙Betelnut,areca檳榔Litchi,lychee荔枝Chinesemustard芥菜

cinnamon肉桂margarine人造黃油clove丁香yogurt酸奶menthol薄荷yolk蛋黃onion洋蔥Sauerkraut泡菜ginger姜pickledcabbage腌菜scallion蔥Chinesecabbage大白菜chive細(xì)香蔥spinach菠菜leek韭菜eggplant茄子garlic小〃、頭bittermelon苦瓜garlicsprouts蒜苗bittergourd苦瓜mustard芥末cucumber黃瓜spice香料cucumberinsoy醬黃瓜essence香精waxgourd冬瓜sesame芝麻whitegourd冬瓜soysauce醬油cantaloup香瓜，甜瓜beef牛肉pumpkin南瓜pork豬肉dishclothgourd絲瓜mutton羊肉pea豌豆，青豆fleshof兔肉soybean,soya黃豆，大豆rabbit/harepeanut花生fishflesh魚肉carrot胡蘿卜seaweed海藻Chineseradish蘿卜laver紫菜lotusroot藕beancurd豆腐Cassava,manioc木薯sausage香腸9微生物學(xué)名

Aspergillus曲霉屬Corynebacterium棒桿菌屬黃曲霉Escherichiacoli大腸埃希氏菌臭曲霉Hansenula漢遜酵母屬黑曲霉Lactobacillus乳桿菌屬米曲霉Mucor毛霉屬宇佐美曲霉Rhizopus根霉屬Absidia梨頭霉屬Rhodotorula紅酵母屬Acetobacter醋酸桿菌屬Saccharomyces釀酒酵母屬Agaricus蘑菇屬Salmonella沙門氏菌屬Bacillus芽抱桿菌屬streptococcus鏈球菌屬Bacillussubtilis枯草芽抱桿菌Trichoderma木霉屬Brevibacterium短桿菌屬Trichodermaviride綠色木霉Candida假絲酵母屬Willianus威爾酵母菌Clostridium梭狀芽孢桿菌屬10食品微生物及發(fā)酵diplobacillus雙桿菌Commercial工業(yè)發(fā)酵colony菌落fermentationspore芽抱，抱子Feeding進(jìn)料capsule莢膜Diffuse浸提bacteriophage噬菌體Corrupt腐敗的，不潔family科Defoam消泡hypha菌絲De-esterification脫脂作用spore抱子Degeneration退化Infect感染，傳染Degrade退化，降解Infuse浸制，泡制Depurate凈化，精制

Desiccate干燥Mutagenesis誘變Dextrine糊精Mutagen誘變劑Assimilation同化作用Variation變異dissimilation異化作用Genotype基因型nitrification硝化作用Prototroph原氧型denitrification反硝化作用Auxotroph營養(yǎng)缺陷型Nitrogenfixation固氮作用nutrientagar營養(yǎng)瓊脂Pasteurfixation巴氏效應(yīng)nutrientbroth營養(yǎng)肉湯fermentability可發(fā)酵性beansproutsmedium豆芽汁培養(yǎng)基Homofermentation同型發(fā)酵agar瓊脂heterofermentation異型發(fā)酵meatextract肉膏Autolysis自溶現(xiàn)象beefextract牛肉膏Schizogenesis裂殖maltwort麥芽汁Budding芽殖yeastextract酵母膏Dormancy休眠agarslant瓊脂斜面Lagphage延滯期contaminant污染物（雜菌）Declinephase衰亡期inoculum接種物Stationaryphase穩(wěn)定期inoculation接種Exponentialgrowth指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期inoculate接種Recipient受體culture移菌Logphage對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期transferringCorrosive腐敗性，腐蝕性aseptictechnique無菌操作deastringent脫澀cultivation培養(yǎng)Clone克隆purification純化Mutation突變sterilization滅菌Mutant突變體autoclave高壓滅菌

tyndallization間歇分段）火菌anaerobefiltration過濾除菌coccus球菌sterilizationmicroaerobe微需氧菌inactivate鈍化，滅活diplococcus雙桿菌incineration灼燒滅菌tetrads四聯(lián)球菌pasteurization巴氏消毒法sarcina八疊球菌confection糖食，糖果coccubacillus球桿菌candy糖果，蜜餞flagellum鞭毛colloid膠體，膠態(tài)pilus菌毛colloidmill膠體磨sporicidal殺死芽抱的congeal凝固，凍凝gasvacuole氣泡order目protoplast原生質(zhì)體fungi真菌mycophage真菌噬菌體fruiting子實(shí)體trypsin胰蛋白酶exospore外生抱子trypticenzyme姨蛋白酶parasexuality準(zhǔn)性生殖gelatinase明膠蛋白酶actinomycetes放線菌papain木瓜蛋白酶anaerobe厭氣菌inoculatingneedle接種針obligateanaerobe專性厭氧菌loop接種環(huán)saprophytic腐生菌incubator培養(yǎng)箱bacteriaactivatedsludge活性污泥Gram-positive革蘭氏陽性immobilizedcell固定化細(xì)胞endospore內(nèi)生抱子flat-sourspoilage平罐酸敗eubacteria真細(xì)菌infectiousmicrobe雜菌aerobe需氧菌commercialstrain生產(chǎn)用菌株facultative兼性厭氧菌compoundbarm混合酵母

distillation蒸餾fermentationconversion轉(zhuǎn)化率batchfermentation分批發(fā)酵coefficientcontinuous連續(xù)發(fā)酵Gram-negative革蘭氏陰性菌fermentationbacteriaopenfermentation敞口發(fā)酵rod桿菌topfermentation上面發(fā)酵Decolorize脫色bottom卜.面發(fā)酵Defecated澄清的fermentationDegerming消毒fermenter發(fā)酵罐D(zhuǎn)enature變性seedingtank種子罐D(zhuǎn)eterioration變質(zhì)，退化brewing釀造Petriplate培養(yǎng)皿aging陳釀Mash醪液acidification酸化作用Spoilage酸敗，腐敗antifoamagent消泡劑primary前發(fā)酵acetification醋化作用fermentationsaccharification糖化作用solidstate固態(tài)發(fā)酵saccharine糖精fermentationsacchariferous糖化劑liquidstate液態(tài)發(fā)酵agentsfermentationrawstarter曲secondary后發(fā)酵koji日本酒曲fermentationbrankoji麩曲shallowtray淺盤發(fā)酵liquidkoji液體曲fermentationmedium母親苴培養(yǎng)基mainfermentation主發(fā)酵Donor供體submerged深層發(fā)酵

11食品包裝sealing封口piston活塞adhension粘合package包裝labeling加標(biāo)，貼標(biāo)contents內(nèi)裝物barcode條形碼flexiblepackage軟包裝solidfibreboard硬紙板箱rigidpackage剛性包裝corrugatedbox瓦楞紙箱transparent透明包裝carton盒packagethree-piececan三片罐See-through透明包裝jar壇，廣口瓶packagebag,pouch,sachet,袋Outerpackage外包裝sackExteriorpackage外包裝retort殺菌，殺菌鍋Innerpackage內(nèi)包裝aluminiumfoilbag鋁袋Interiorpackage內(nèi)包裝crown王冠蓋domesticpackage內(nèi)銷包裝tamperproofcap防盜蓋exportpackage出口包裝pilferproofcap扭斷螺紋蓋，防盜蓋returnablepackage回收包裝plug塞子one-waypackage不回收包裝12食品工藝與設(shè)備centrifuge離心機(jī)vertical立式separator分離機(jī)horizontal臥式retort殺菌器plate板式pasteurizer消毒器rotary回轉(zhuǎn)式gauge表，計(jì)，量規(guī)scrapped刮板式milkgauge牛乳比重計(jì)scrapped刮板式蒸發(fā)器retortpouch蒸煮袋evaporator

double-pipe套管式temperatureblanching,scald熱燙baumehydrometer波美比重計(jì)lyepeeling堿液去皮roasting焙炒juice螺旋榨汁機(jī)cure腌制，熏干screw-extractorbrine鹽水，鹵水spraydrying噴霧干燥rinsed漂洗grind研磨，破碎chilling冷卻subdivide粉碎pickled腌制mill糖廠，粉碎機(jī)dip浸，浸colloidmill膠體磨distilledvinegar白醋sterilizer殺菌器distiller'sgrain酒精processing in常壓殺菌dosage劑量，補(bǔ)料watereduct抽出物，浸提物commercial商業(yè)滅菌emulsify乳化sterilizationhomogenize均質(zhì)ultra high超高溫殺菌(UHTS)homogenate均漿13食品酶與蛋白質(zhì)lipase脂肪酶enzymelipoxidase脂肪氧化酶nuclease核酸酶lipoxygenase脂肪氧合酶ribonuclease核糖核酸酶decarboxylase脫竣酶tannase單寧酶exoenzyme胞外酶cellobiase纖維二糖酶exocellular胞外酶trypsin胰蛋白酶enzymepepsin胃蛋白酶endoenzyme胞內(nèi)酶bromelin菠蘿蛋白酶endocellular胞內(nèi)酶lipolyticenzyme脂肪分解酶

dehydratase脫水酶enzymedehydrase脫水酶rennet凝乳酶cellulose纖維素酶rennin凝乳酶cellulosicenzyme纖維素酶renase凝乳酶lactase乳糖酶pancreatin胰酶peroxidase過氧化物酶chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶superoxidedismutase超氧化物歧化酶chymotrypsinogen胰凝乳蛋白酶原dehydrogenase脫氫酶catalase過氧化氫酶hydroxylase羥化酶oxidase氧化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶oxygenase加