高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

高中英語主謂一致一）主謂一致的種類1．語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200.JaneandMarylookalike.2．意義上一致1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thecrowdwereshouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people,,cattle,等。2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上倒是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Thenewswassosurprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics,economics等。3．就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最湊近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror,neithernot,notonlybut等also連結(jié)的并列主語，假如一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與湊近它的主語一致。如：EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.（二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用1．名詞作主語1）某些集體名詞，如family,team等作主語時，假如作為一個整體對待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，假如就此中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.這種名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集體名詞，如people,police,cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)對待，謂語動詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)依據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示胸懷、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，常常能夠依據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5）不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即便以and或逗號連結(jié)成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）假如主語有morethanone好多特別或manya很多組成，只管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.可是，“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”構(gòu)造以后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.7）一些有兩個部分組成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞往常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但假如主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”組成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)（這一類人），但

（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語thiskindofmen的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，

thiskindofmen=menofthiskindmenofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這種名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（這些玻璃廠在火車站鄰近。）當(dāng)它們前面有a,sucha,this,that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all,such,these,those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但

means,nomeans,11）假如名詞詞組中心詞是

all，most,half,rest

等詞語，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與后來的主語一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由連結(jié)詞連結(jié)的名詞作主語1）用and或bothand連結(jié)并列主語，謂語動詞往常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.2）當(dāng)主語后邊跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等指引的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由指引詞前面的主語而定。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.３）以or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybut等連also接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)依據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.3．代詞作主語1）關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.2）疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時，謂語動詞可根聽說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?3）ther,neither獨自作主語時，謂語往常用單數(shù)。但后接of時，若of的賓語為不行數(shù)名詞，動詞自然用單數(shù)形式，若

of

的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞能夠是單數(shù)，也能夠是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如：Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.4．分數(shù)、量詞作主語1）“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”組成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”組成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后邊的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是由于短語中后邊的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，比如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater-fifths.Threeoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種狀況近似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大批，很多，thenumberof中心詞是number,謂語用單數(shù)，譯為的數(shù)目Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof不行數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，比如：Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大批”；insmallquantities

意為“少許”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof

修飾不行數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞往常用單數(shù)；

largeamountsof修飾不行數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞往常用復(fù)數(shù)，比如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示數(shù)目的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，可是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，比如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5．名詞化的形容詞作主語假如主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”構(gòu)造擔(dān)當(dāng)時，謂語往常用復(fù)數(shù)，這種詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry6．從句作主語1）由what指引的主語從句，謂語動詞往常用單數(shù)，但所指的詳細內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.amB.isC.areD.beTheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereAtthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.had17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.areB.isC.amD.were21.“TheKites”’______usastoryofthekiteshistory.A.havetoldB.tellsC.weretoldD.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.wereB.areC.isD.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsawayB.rotawayC.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleaned27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”C.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancingB.wereadvanced30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoyB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy1.分析：選

B.hundred一詞前面有詳細數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s分析：選D.當(dāng)eitheror連結(jié)兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3.分析：選A.who為指引定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語動詞要用am.分析：選D.主語theOlympicGames意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which指引的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。5.分析：選C.therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后來的主語，alotofrubbish(不行數(shù)名詞)，因今后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。分析：選A.主語為coal,是不行數(shù)名詞。依據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。7.分析：選A.主語StoriesoftheLongMarch是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。分析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。分析：選B.bothand連結(jié)兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.分析：選C.either是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。11