2021年高考英語人教版一輪復習分冊知識梳理

必修1Unit1Friendship單詞拓展1.concernvt.(使)擔憂n.擔心concerned adj.擔心的concerning prep.關于2.suffer vt.&vi.遭受;經(jīng)歷suffering n.痛苦;苦難sufferer n.受苦者3.ignore vt.不理睬;忽視ignorant adj.無知的ignorance n.無知4.entire adj.完全的entirely adv.完全地5.power n.能力;力量powerful adj.強有力的powerless adj.無力的6.settle vi.定居vt.使定居settlement n.定居;解決settler n.定居者7.recover vi.&vt.痊愈;恢復recovery n.痊愈;恢復8.upset adj.心煩意亂的vt.使心煩9.calm vt.&vi.(使)平靜adj.平靜的10.loose adj.松的11.pack vi.&vt.捆扎n.小包12.grateful adj.感激的13.series n.連續(xù);系列14.swap vt.交換15.item n.項目;條款續(xù)表短語記憶1.addup合計2.gothrough 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受3.setdown 記下;放下;登記4.getalongwith 與……相處;進展5.calm...down (使)平靜下來6.beconcernedabout 關心;掛念7.aseriesof 一連串的;一系列8.onpurpose 故意9.atdusk 在黃昏時刻10.sufferfrom 遭受;患病11.get/betiredof 對……厭煩句型整理1.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的時候,你不小心讓狗跑了,然后它被汽車撞了。2.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故,我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。3....itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface...……這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……1.upsetadj.心煩意亂的;不安的;不適的vt.使不安;使心煩;弄翻SeveralflieskeptupsettingXiaoMingwhenhewasdoinghishomework.Hewassoupsetthatheupsetthecuponthedesk.歸納拓展①beupsetabout/over/atsth.為某事煩心②(sth.)upsetsb.(某事)使某人心煩意亂③(sb.)upsetsth.(某人)打翻/弄翻某物高考運用:語法填空①Don’tupset(you)aboutit.Noharmhasbeendone.

②(upset)peopleinthiswayisconsideredimpolite.

③IwasweakinEnglish,whichmademereally(upset).

答案:①yourself②Upsetting③upset2.calmvt.&vi.(使)平(鎮(zhèn))靜;(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的;鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的歸納拓展①calm(sb.)down(使某人)平靜下來,鎮(zhèn)靜下來②stay/keep/remaincalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜高考運用:語法填空①Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquickly(calm)down.

②Weshouldkeep(calm)inthefaceofdanger.

答案:①calmed②calm詞語辨析:calm平靜的,鎮(zhèn)靜的。指無風浪或人的心境鎮(zhèn)定自若。quiet寧靜的,安靜的。指沒有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮。still靜止的,不動的。指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)。silent寂靜的,沉默的,不發(fā)音的。指沒有聲音或不講話。Everythingwasquietexceptthattheheavyrainstruckthewindow.Thenthemudslidehappened,butthefrightenedpeoplestoodtherestill,notknowingwhattodo.Heremainedcalminthefaceofthedanger,andledallthepeopletoasafeplace.Laterhekeptsilentoverhisbravebehavior.3.concernvt.(使)擔憂;涉及;關系到n.擔心;關注;(利害)關系歸納拓展①concernoneselfaboutsth.使某人自己關心某事②beconcernedabout/forsth.擔心……;關心……③beconcernedwith與……有關;涉及④as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言;依……之見高考運用:完成句子①Theyfollowtherules,helpout,and(關心)thepeopletheyworkwith.

②Heaskedseveralquestions(涉及)thefutureofthecompany.

③(就你的身體而言),it’s“useit,orloseit”!

答案:①areconcernedabout②concerning③Asfarasyourbodyisconcerned4.sufferv.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷歸納拓展①suffervt.遭受;蒙受,其后常接pain,loss,defeat,hunger,damage等名詞作賓語②suffervi.后常接from,表示“受……折磨;受……之苦;患某種疾病”③sufferingn.[U]痛苦;苦難[pl.]痛苦;苦惱高考運用:語法填空①Sixmonthsafter(suffer)ourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond.(2018天津,完形填空)

②Heissufferingseverehearttrouble.

答案:①suffering②from5.addup合計,把……加起來歸納拓展①addto增加;增添(多用于抽象意義)②addsth.tosth.把……加到/進……里③addupto加起來共計/達(不用于被動語態(tài))④addv.補充說高考運用:完成句子①他補充說劇院的位置也是一個原因。Hethatthetheater’slocationwasalsoareason.(2017全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解B)

②惡劣的天氣增加了我們的困難。Thebadweatherourdifficulties.

答案:①added②addedto6.gothrough經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受用法①仔細檢查②用完③做完④瀏覽⑤通過高考運用:寫出下列句中gothrough的含義①Imyselfwentthroughthissearchingprocessandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmyexperience.(2017全國Ⅰ,完形填空)

②EveryoneexpectsthisbilltogothroughCongress(國會)quickly.

③Thepolicesuspectedhimofcarryingdrugssotheywentthroughhisbag,butfoundnothing.

答案:①經(jīng)歷②通過③仔細檢查7.setdown記下;放下;登記歸納拓展①setup開辦;建立;設立②setaside留出;撥出(時間、金錢等);不顧;把……置于一邊③setoff出發(fā);動身;引起;使爆炸④setouttodosth.開始、著手做某事⑤setaboutdoingsth.著手做某事高考運用:用適當?shù)亩陶Z填空①Thenewsthatwearegoingcampingthisweekendarushofexcitement.

②You’dbettersometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.

③Heeverywordthathecouldheartoavoidleavingoutsomethingimportant.

答案:①setoff②setaside③setdown8.getalongwith與……相處;進展歸納拓展①getalong/onwellwithsb.與某人相處得好②getalong/onwellwithsth.某事進展得好/順利③get常見短語:getacross講清楚;(使)被領會getaround(消息)傳開;四處走動getdownto(doing)sth.認真做某事;著手做某事(其中to為介詞)getover克服高考運用:用適當?shù)亩陶Z填空①Thefinalexamiscomingsoon.It’stimeforustoourstudies.

②Itishardforthegovernmenttothepresentdifficulties.

③Howareyouyourstudies?

答案:①getdownto②getover③gettingalong/onwith9.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的時候,你不小心讓狗跑了,然后它被汽車撞了。句中whilewalkingthedog為省略句形式,相當于whileyouwerewalkingthedog。歸納拓展當when,while,until,if,unless,though,eventhough,as,asif等詞引導的時間、條件、讓步或方式狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致或狀語從句主語為it,且謂語動詞為be時,常將從句的主語和be動詞省略。高考運用:語法填空①Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhile(enjoy)alivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.(2018全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解A)

②When(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccesstohiswifeandchildren.

答案:①enjoying②asked10.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故,我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。本句中it’s...that...為強調句型。基本結構如下:基本句式:Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他成分。not...until...句型的強調句結構為:Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調部分+that+其他部分。高考運用:語法填空①ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousewesawLilyinthepassengerseat.(2018天津卷)

②Iwonderwhatitismakeshimsoexcited.

答案:①that②that11.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。本句中before引導時間狀語從句歸納拓展①before引導時間狀語從句時主要表達下列不同的意思:·還沒來得及……就……(強調從句動作發(fā)生之前,主句動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生);·……之后才……(說明主句的動作持續(xù)時間比較長而從句的動作才開始);·在……之前;(不久)就……;以免……;·趁著……(還沒有)續(xù)表歸納拓展②含before的常用句式有:·Itwon’tbelongbefore...用不了多久就會……(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)·Itwasn’tlongbefore...沒過多久就……(before從句用一般過去時)·Itwillbe+一段時間+before...要過若干時間之后才……(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)·Itwas+一段時間+before...過了若干時間才……(before從句用一般過去時)高考運用:語法填空①SheleftIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.(2019天津,完形填空)

②Itwillbe20yearswemeetagain.

答案:①before②beforeUnit2Englisharoundtheworld單詞拓展1.basevt.以……為根據(jù)n.基礎basic adj.基本的basis n.基礎2.command n.&vt.命令;掌握commander n.指揮官;司令官3.recognize vt.辨認出;承認recognition n.認出;承認4.native adj.本國的n.本國人nation n.國家;民族national adj.國家的nationality n.國籍5.actually adv.實際上;事實上actual adj.實際的6.gradual adj.逐漸的;逐步的gradually adv.逐漸地;逐步地7.identity n.本身;身份identify vt.認出8.fluent adj.流利的fluently adv.流利地fluency n.流利9.frequent adj.頻繁的frequently adv.頻繁地frequency n.頻率10.usage n.使用;用法use vt.&n.使用;應用11.expression n.詞語;表達express vt.表示;表達續(xù)表單詞拓展12.requestn.&vt.請求;要求13.official adj.官方的;正式的14.straight adv.直接adj.直的15.accent n.口音;腔調;重音16.block n.街區(qū);塊;木塊;石塊短語記憶1.becauseof因為;由于2.comeup 走近;上來;提出3.makeuseof 利用;使用4.suchas 例如……;像這種的5.atpresent 現(xiàn)在;目前6.playapart(in) 扮演一個角色;參與句型整理1.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英語作為母語的人,即使他們所講的語言不盡相同,也可以相互理解。2.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎,而我們今天所說的英語不是。3.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。1.basevt.以……為根據(jù)n.基部;基地;基礎歸納拓展①base...on/upon...根據(jù)……;以……為基礎②bebasedon/upon以……為基礎③onthebasisof根據(jù),在……的基礎上,基于高考運用:語法填空①Thenovelisbasedhistoricalfacts.

②(Base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.

答案:①on②Bmandn.[C]命令;指令[U]掌握;控制vt.命令,指揮;支配歸納拓展①underone’scommand=underthecommandofsb.由某人指揮②haveagoodcommandof掌握;精通(尤指語言)③commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事④commandthat...(should)do...命令……高考運用:語法填空①I’vehadagoodcommandEnglishwiththehelpoftheteacher.

②Thebosscommandedhim(finish)someimportantwork.

③Hecommandedthatallthegates(shut).

答案:①of②tofinish③(should)beshut3.requestn.&vt.請求;要求歸納拓展①requestsb.todosth.請求某人做某事②requestthatsb.(should)dosth.請求……③Itisrequestedthat...據(jù)要求……④make(a)requestfor...請求,要求……⑤atsb.’srequest=attherequestofsb.應某人之要求高考運用:語法填空①Myparentsrequestedme(learn)topractiseplayingthepiano.

②Students(request)nottotouchanythinginthelab.

③Itisrequiredthatourheadmaster(give)aspeechattomorrow’smeeting.

答案:①tolearn②arerequested③(should)give后跟虛擬語氣的動詞:4.recognizevt.辨認出;承認;公認,確認歸納拓展①recognizesb./sb.’svoice/sb.’shandwriting認出某人/聽出某人的聲音/認出某人的筆跡②berecognizedtobe/as...被認作……/被認為是……③Itisrecognizedthat...人們公認……④beyondrecognition認不出來高考運用:完成句子①(大家公認)Janeisthemostintelligentgirlamongus.

②Shehaschangedsomuchthatsheis(認不出來).

答案:①Itisrecognizedthat②beyondrecognition5.becauseof因為;由于歸納拓展becauseof的同義短語:①dueto由于(作表語或狀語)②owingto由于(作表語或狀語)③asaresultof因為;由于(作狀語)④thanksto多虧;由于(作狀語)⑤onaccountof因為(作狀語)高考運用:語法填空①However,theseplanswereabandonedbecausefinancialproblems.(2017全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解B)

②Duehisillness,hedidn’tcometoschool.

答案:①of②eup走近;上來;發(fā)芽,發(fā)生;(被)提出;(太陽、月亮等)上升歸納拓展①comeupwith想出,提出;產(chǎn)生②comeabout發(fā)生③comeacross穿過(路、橋);偶遇;偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)④comeon(風、雨等)到來;(演員)出場;趕快;得了吧⑤comeout出版;出來,出現(xiàn);結果是⑥cometo蘇醒;總計;達到⑦whenitcomesto...當談到……高考運用:用合適的短語填空①!Wearegoingtobelateifyoudon’thurry.

②IapictureofyouwhenIwasgoingthroughmystuff.

③Whoeveranewideaofhowtoworkoutthepuzzlewillbegivenaprize.

④Howdidthemoviefinally?Icouldn’twaittoseetheending.

答案:①Comeon②cameacross③comesupwith④comeout7.makeuseof利用;使用歸納拓展①Q(mào)UOTE充分利用②comeintouse開始被使用③beofgreatuse很有用④Itis/wasnousedoingsth.做……沒用高考運用:完成句子①(為了充分利用)theInternet,alltheteachersarerequiredtohavethenecessarycomputerskills.

②Theoldshoppingbagcanstill(被使用).

答案:①Tomakefulluseof②bemadeuseof8.evenif/though即使;盡管歸納拓展①evenif/though即使;盡管,引導讓步狀語從句,在從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時替換將來時。在主從句主語相同時也可采用省略句結構。②evenso即使如此;盡管這樣高考運用:語法填空①Evenif/thoughhe(fail)thistime,hewilltryagain.

②Hewon’tcometoourpartyevenif(invite).

答案:①fails②invited9.suchas例如……;像這種的短語辨析suchas,forexample,likesuchas列舉同類人或物中的幾個例子,可和andsoon連用,可分開使用such...as...forexample用以舉例說明,作插入語,用逗號隔開,可置于句首、句中、句末likelike表示列舉,可和suchas互換高考運用:用suchas,forexample,like填空①Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.(2018全國Ⅰ,七選五)

②Someoftherubbish,food,paperandiron,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.

③Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus.,noiseisakind.

答案:①suchas/like②suchas/like③Forexample10.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎,而我們今天所說的英語不是。歸納拓展①more...than...QUOTE③QUOTE④QUOTE高考運用:語法填空①Thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifewalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018全國Ⅰ,語法填空)

②Dressedinwhite,helookslikeacookthanadoctor.

答案:①than②more11.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。句中“nosuch+單數(shù)名詞”意為“沒有這樣的……”,其中單數(shù)名詞前不可再加冠詞,相當于“notsucha/an+單數(shù)名詞”。歸納拓展①such+QUOTE+that結果狀語從句②such...as...像……這樣的……,as在句中引導定語從句高考運用:完成句子①這本詞典里沒有這樣的詞。Thereisinthedictionary.

②吉姆吵成那樣,他姐姐讓他安靜點。Jimmadeanoisehissistertoldhimtobequiet.

答案:①nosuchword②such;that比較下列句子,注意其連接詞的作用A:ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(as引導定語從句)B:ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.(that引導結果狀語從句)Unit3Traveljournal單詞拓展1.prefervt.更喜歡preference n.更喜歡2.persuade vt.說服;勸說persuasive adj.有說服力的persuasion n.說服3.determine vt.決定;確定determined adj.堅決的determination n.堅定;堅決4.view n.風景vt.觀看viewer n.觀眾5.transport n.&vt.運送;運輸transportation n.運輸6.disadvantage n.不利條件7.graduate vi.畢業(yè)n.大學畢業(yè)生graduation n.畢業(yè)8.cycle vi.騎自行車n.自行車cyclist n.騎自行車的人cycling n.騎自行車運動9.organize vt.組織;成立organization n.組織organizer n.組織者10.reliable adj.可信賴的reliably adv.可靠地11.schedule n.時間表vt.為某事安排時間12.stubborn adj.頑固的;固執(zhí)的13.forecast n.&vt.預測;預報續(xù)表單詞拓展14.attituden.態(tài)度;看法15.pace vi.踱步n.步調短語記憶1.careabout關心;憂慮2.changeone’smind 改變主意3.givein 投降;屈服4.eversince 自從5.befondof 喜愛;喜歡6.makeupone’smind 下決心7.asusual 照常8.atmidnight 在午夜句型整理1.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄,呼吸困難而且天氣很冷時,她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。2.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.雖然她對去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚,她卻堅持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。3.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了決心,什么也不能使她改變。1.prefervt.更喜歡;選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)歸納拓展①prefer(sb.)todosth.更喜歡(某人)做……③prefertodo...ratherthando...寧可……也不……高考運用:語法填空①Ratherthan(take)abus,manypeopleinChongqingprefer(walk)totheworkplace.

②Thousandsofchildrennowadaysprefer(do)theirhomeworktoabackgroundofmusicto(do)itinaquietroom.

答案:①take;towalk②doing;doing表示“寧可做……也不做……”還可用以下句型:woulddo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...2.persuadevt.勸說,說服歸納拓展①persuadesb.todosth.=persuadeodoingsth.=talkodoingsth.說服某人做某事②persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoingsth.=talksb.outofdoingsth.說服某人不做某事③trytopersuadesb.todosth.=advisesb.todosth.盡力說服某人做某事高考運用:語法填空①Wetried(persuade)himtostopsmoking,buthedidn’tlisten.

②Finallyshepersuadedhiminto(go)tothehospital.

答案:①topersuade②going3.determinevt.決定;確定;(使)下定決心歸納拓展①determine(sb.)todosth.(使某人)決定做某事②bedeterminedtodosth.下定決心做某事③determinationn.決心高考運用:語法填空①Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,(determine)totestmyowntheoryonthis.(2018全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解D)

②Tomisapersonwithgreat(determine).

答案:①determined②determination4.viewn.風景;視野;觀點;見解vt.觀看;注視;考慮歸納拓展①inone’sview在某人看來②comeintoview進入視野,看得見③inviewof鑒于,考慮到,由于④fromone’spointofview從某人的觀點/角度出發(fā)⑤view...as...把……看作……高考運用:寫出下列句中view的含義①Frommypointofview,talkingwiththemouthfulloffoodisimpolite.

②Iclimbedtothetopofthemountaintogetabetterviewofthecity.

③Shegotachancetoviewthemoviebeforeitwasreleased.

④Howdoyouviewthisproblem?

答案:①觀點②景色③觀看④看待,考慮5.careabout關心;憂慮;惦念歸納拓展①carefor喜歡,照料②takecare當心③takecareof照料④takecaretodosth.注意做某事⑤withcare小心,慎重高考運用:用適當?shù)亩陶Z填空①Shehasneverherappearance.

②Hismother-in-lawhasagreedtoleaveforChicagotohelphergranddaughters.

答案:①caredabout②carefor6.changeone’smind改變主意歸納拓展①makeupone’smind下決心,決定②keep/bear...inmind把……放在心里,把……記在心上③keep/bearinmindthat...記住……④call/bringsth.tomind回憶起某事⑤fixone’smindupon把注意力集中在……⑥r(nóng)eadone’smind看出某人的心思高考運用:完成句子①Itmustbe(記住)thatthereisnosecrettosuccessbuthardwork.

②Aftergraduationfromcollege,he(下定決心)tostarthisownbusiness.

答案:①keptinmind②madeuphismind7.givein投降;屈服;讓步;上交歸納拓展①giveintosb.對某人作出讓步②giveaway贈送;泄露;出賣③giveoff放出;散發(fā)出(氣體、熱量、能量、光、聲音等)④giveout分發(fā);用完;消耗盡;筋疲力盡⑤giveup放棄;戒掉;停止⑥givewayto讓路;讓步高考運用:用give的適當短語填空①Butnevereveronyourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou,“Youcan’t.”Dreambigandclimbhigh!(2018天津卷)

②Therubbishaterriblesmell.

答案:①giveup②givesoff8.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄,呼吸困難而且天氣很冷時,她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。句中的不定式tobreathe為主動形式表示被動意義。歸納拓展用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況:①主語+be+adj.+不定式②主語+be+too+adj.+不定式③主語+be+adj.+enough+不定式常用的形容詞包括:easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,strange等。高考運用:完成句子①她很熱情,容易相處。Sheiswarm-heartedandeasy.

②這本詞典很便宜,能買得起。Thisdictionaryischeapenough.

答案:①togetalongwith②tobuy9.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.雖然她對去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚,她卻堅持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。此句中insist后接that從句,使用了虛擬語氣形式。歸納拓展①當insist后接that從句表示“堅持要做……”時,要用虛擬語氣(即謂語動詞結構為should+動詞原形,should可以省略)②當insist后接that從句表示“堅持認為,堅持說”時,則從句不采用虛擬語氣,而是要用陳述語氣。③insiston/upondoingsth.堅持做某事高考運用:語法填空①Thus,Papainsistedthatwe(learn)atleastonenewthingeachday.

②Heinsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongandthathe(set)free.

答案:①(should)learn②haddone;besetUnit4Earthquakes(對應學生用書第15頁)單詞拓展1.injurevt.損害;傷害injured adj.受傷的injury n.傷口;受傷處2.judge n.裁判員;法官vt.斷定;判決judgement n.判斷,評價3.shock vt.&vi.(使)震驚n.震驚shocked adj.感到震驚的shocking adj.令人震驚的4.extreme adj.極度的extremely adv.極其;非常5.destroy vt.破壞;消滅destruction n.破壞destructive adj.有破壞性的6.electricity n.電;電流;電學electric adj.用電的electrical adj.與電有關的electronic adj.電子的7.frighten vt.使驚嚇;嚇唬frightened adj.受驚的frightening adj.令人恐懼的8.congratulation n.祝賀;(復數(shù))賀詞congratulate vt.祝賀9.express vt.表示n.快車expression n.表達;表情單詞拓展10.burstvi.&n.爆裂;爆發(fā)11.ruin n.廢墟vt.毀滅12.bury vt.埋葬;隱藏13.damage n.&vt.損失;損害14.event n.事件;大事15.rescue n.&vt.援救;營救16.trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱17.disaster n.災難;災禍18.shelter n.掩蔽處短語記憶1.a(great)numberof許多;大量的2.digout 掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)3.atanend 結束;終結4.rightaway 立刻;馬上5.asif 仿佛;好像6.inruins 嚴重受損7.thinklittleof 不重視句型整理1.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日!3.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家庭院,雞甚至是豬都緊張得不敢吃東西。1.burstvi.破裂;脹破;爆裂n.爆發(fā);突然爆裂歸納拓展①burstout突然迸發(fā);爆發(fā)②burstoutdoingsth.=burstinto+n.突然……起來③burstin/into闖進;突然破門而入④burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂不可支高考運用:語法填空①Marybursttearswhenhearingthebadnews.

②Tomburstout(laugh)whenheheardthejoke.

答案:①into②laughing2.ruinn.[U]毀壞;毀滅;崩潰;[C](pl.)廢墟,遺跡v.(使)破產(chǎn),(使)墮落,毀滅歸納拓展①inruins嚴重受損;破敗不堪②fallintoruin荒廢;敗落③bring...toruin使……毀滅;使……沒落④ruinoneself毀掉自己;自取滅亡⑤ruinone’shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/名譽/前途高考運用:語法填空①Thebigbuildingliesruinsafterthatfire.

②Anearthquakeleftthewholetownin(ruin).

答案:①in②ruins詞語辨析:destroy,damage,ruindestroy表示“毀壞”,通常指徹底的毀掉或毀滅,往往暗示無法或很難修復。damage表示“損害”“損壞”,通常是指部分性的損壞,往往暗示損壞后價值、效率、功能等會降低。ruin表示“毀壞”“毀滅”,指徹底的毀壞,破壞的原因通常是自然現(xiàn)象、年齡、疏忽等。Thepalacewasdestroyedcompletelyratherthanwasslightlydamaged,whichcan’tberepaired,onlyleavingruins.3.injurevt.損害;傷害歸納拓展①be/getinjured受傷,受損②theinjured傷員③injuredpride/feelings受傷的自尊/情感高考運用:語法填空①Twothirdsofthepeoplediedor(injure)duringtheearthquake.

②Whenwegottothespotoftheaccident,weweretoldthatthe(injure)hadbeensenttohospital.

答案:①wereinjured②injured詞語辨析:injure,wound,hurt,harminjure一般指由于意外或事故造成損傷。它常暗示受傷部位的功能受到影響。wound主要用于肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷”,一般指嚴重的外傷,主要指在戰(zhàn)場上受槍彈傷害。作為及物動詞,它的賓語是整個人,而不是受傷的部位。hurt指“使人的肉體受傷而疼痛”,或“傷了人的自尊心或感情”。harm指對人或事物造成傷害。用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可,還可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。Heinjured/hurthislegwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球的時候傷了腿。Hegotwoundedinthewar.他在戰(zhàn)爭中受了傷。Excessivedrinkingharmsourhealth.過量的飲酒有害我們的健康。Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.我不是故意傷害你的感情的。4.buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隱藏;專心于歸納拓展①bury...in...把……埋入……②QUOTE③buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面高考運用:語法填空①(bury)inhisbook,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.

②Eversincehegraduatedfromcollege,hehasburiedhimselfhisresearch.

答案:①Buried②in5.judgev.判定;判斷;判決n.裁判員;法官;評判員歸納拓展①judgingfrom/by從……上看,根據(jù)……判斷②judgesb./sth.from/by...從……來判斷③asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷,我認為高考運用:語法填空①Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly(judge).(2018江蘇卷)

②(judge)fromhisaccent,hemustcomefromShanghai.

答案:①judged②Judgingjudgingfrom/by,用在句首時為一個獨立成分,不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響。6.atanend結束;終結歸納拓展①intheend最后②bytheendof到……末(常與完成時態(tài)連用)③endupdoing最終……④endupwith以……結束⑤makebothendsmeet使收支相抵,勉強維持生計⑥cometoanend(某事)結束,告終高考運用:完成句子①Tom’sbasketballcareer(結束)onFridayafternineteenseasons.

②Wemadefivedifferentplansfortheholidaybut(最后)wehadasummercampagain.

答案:①cametoanend②intheend7.anumberof許多,大量的歸納拓展①修飾可數(shù)名詞的短語有:a(large/great/good)numberof,agreat/goodmany,agoodfew,quiteafew,manya,morethanone②修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語有:agreat/gooddealof,agreat/largeamountof,quitealittle③既可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語有:alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,massesof④thenumberof+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞……的數(shù)目高考運用:語法填空①Thenumberofsheeponthehill(be)200.

②Anumberofyoungmen(be)playingfootballonthestreet.

答案:①is②are“許多”的謂語你知道嗎?①anumberof+pl.n.作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。②largequantitiesof+pl.n./[U]n.作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù);alargequantityof+pl.n./[U]n.作主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)根據(jù)of后所接單詞的單復數(shù)確定;largeamountsof+[U]n.作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。③QUOTE8.thinklittleof不重視,輕視歸納拓展①thinkhighly/well/alot/muchof...對……評價高②thinkpoorly/badly/little/nothingof...對……評價不高;不重視③speakwell/illof...說……的好/壞話④singhighpraisefor...對……評價高高考運用:語法填空①Igavehimsomeadvice,buthethoughtlittleit.

②Shethinksnothingof(walk)thirtymilesaday.

完成句子③Asayoungleader,he(受到高度評價).

答案:①of②walking③iswell/highlythoughtof9.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句為部分否定句。歸納拓展①當not與all,both,each,every,everyone,everything等具有全部意義的不定代詞或形容詞連用時,無論not處于何位置,皆表示不完全否定,意為“并非都”。②no,none,noone,neither,nothing,nowhere等表示完全否定。高考運用:完成句子①The3,500residentscan(并非所有)enjoythesunshineatthesametime.

(2019全國Ⅲ,完形填空)句型轉換②Notallthepeoplepresentagreedwithyou.Allthepeoplepresentwithyou.

答案:①notall②didn’tagreeUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero(對應學生用書第19頁)單詞拓展1.devotevt.獻身;專心于devotion n.獻身;熱愛devoted adj.忠實的2.equal adj.相等的;平等的equally adv.相等地;平等地equality n.平等;等同3.reward n.報酬vt.酬勞rewarding adj.值得做的4.quality n.質量;品質qualified adj.合格的quantity n.數(shù)量5.active adj.積極的actively adv.積極地activity n.活動6.found vt.建立;建設7.violence n.暴力;暴行violent adj.暴力的8.willing adj.樂意的;自愿的will n.意志;意愿9.unfair adj.不公正的fairness n.公平;公正10.relative n.親戚,親屬relation n.關系11.terror n.恐怖;恐怖活動terrorism n.恐怖主義terrorist n.恐怖分子續(xù)表單詞拓展12.crueltyn.殘忍;殘酷cruel adj.殘忍的13.escape vt.&vi.逃脫;逃走14.attack vt.進攻;攻擊15.principle n.法則;原則16.generous adj.慷慨的17.sentence vt.判決;宣判短語記憶1.outofwork失業(yè)2.introuble 在危險的處境中3.loseheart 喪失信心4.cometopower 當權;上臺5.turnto 求助于6.asamatteroffact 事實上7.blowup 使充氣;爆炸8.setup 設立;建立9.besentencedto 被判處……(徒刑)句型整理1....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個時候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。2.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一個(參觀)小組談論(羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時,心里覺得很不好受。(對應學生用書第19頁)1.devotevt.獻身,專心于歸納拓展①devoteoneselfto獻身于;致力于;專心于②devote...to...把……奉獻于……③bedevotedto深愛;致力于④devotionto對……的專心/投入/奉獻/忠誠等⑤devotedadj.忠實的,深愛的⑥devotionn.關愛;奉獻;忠誠高考運用:語法填空①Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand(devote).

②Herson,whomsheisdevoted,wentabroadlastyear,leavingheraloneinthesmallvillage.

答案:①devotion②to在短語devote...to中to為介詞,其后接名詞或動詞-ing形式,類似短語還包括:lookforwardto期盼;getdownto開始著手做;be/getusedto習慣于;be/getaccustomedto習慣于;leadto導致;payattentionto注意;objectto反對。2.equaladj.相等的;勝任的;平等的n.同等的人;相等物v.等于;抵得上歸納拓展①beequalto+n./doingsth.等于;與……相等;有……的能力;勝任②AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B或與B相匹敵③equalityn.平等高考運用:語法填空①Ithinkheisequalthejob.

②Oureducationsystemshouldprovide(equal)forallchildren.

答案:①to②equality3.escapev.&n.逃脫;逃生歸納拓展①escapefrom從……逃脫,逃避②escapedoing避免做……③anarrowescape九死一生④sth.escape(s)sb.某物被某人遺忘;未被注意高考運用:完成句子①Althoughhewaslateforschool,heescaped(懲罰).

②Thehotelgueststriedtheirbestto(逃離)theburningbuilding.

答案:①beingpunished或punishment②escapefrom4.rewardn.報酬,報答,獎賞;酬金v.酬勞,酬謝,報答,獎賞歸納拓展①inreward(for...)作為(對……的)報答,作為(對……的)獎賞②give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.因某事給某人報酬(或賞金)③rewardsb.withsth.for(doing)sth.為(做)某事而用某物獎賞某人④rewardingadj.有益的;值得的;有回報的高考運用:語法填空①Healwaysbelievedthatthecompanywouldrewardhimhisefforts.

②Theclub’sdirectorrewardedhimafreeseasonticket.

③FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,the(reward)wereworththedifficulttrip.(2018全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解B)

答案:①for②with③rewards詞語辨析:單詞名詞動詞reward報酬、獎金或一些非金錢的報酬指因對方的工作、服務、幫助而給予報酬或獎賞award獎品,獎金,與prize相似授予,頒發(fā)awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.HewasawardedGoldenLion,whichrewardedhimforhisachievementinfilms.他被授予金獅獎,以此獎勵他在電影方面的成就。5.outofwork失業(yè)(=outofajob)歸納拓展①outofcontrol失控②outofrepair失修③outoforder有毛病,出故障④outofdate過時⑤outofdanger脫險⑥outofplace不適當⑦outofbreath喘不上氣高考運用:完成句子①Bymile17,Ibecame(氣喘吁吁)andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.(2018北京,閱讀理解A)

②Thefirespreadquicklyanditwas(失控).

答案:①outofbreath②rouble在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中(表狀態(tài))歸納拓展①askfortrouble找麻煩;自討苦吃②taketroubletodosth.費力/不辭辛苦地做某事③maketrouble鬧事;搗亂④getinto/outoftrouble陷入/擺脫困境(表動作)⑤havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難高考運用:完成句子①Gettingalittlecloser,Irealizedonekayak(皮劃艇)was(處境危險).(2018全國Ⅱ,完形填空)

②He(不辭辛苦)tohelpme.

答案:①introuble②tooktrouble7.loseheart喪失信心歸納拓展①loseface丟臉,失面子②loseweight減輕體重,減肥③putone’sheartinto一心撲在……上④loseone’shearttosb.愛上某人⑤loseone’spatience失去耐心高考運用:完成句子①Whenyoufail,youshouldnever(喪失信心).

②Wehavekeptwaitingfortwohours;I(失去耐心).

答案:①loseheart②havelostmyeto/intopower當權;上臺歸納拓展①beinpower當權;執(zhí)政②outof/beyondone’spower超出某人的能力③inone’spower在某人能力以內;為某人能力所及④doall/everythinginone’spowertodosth.竭盡某人所能做某事高考運用:完成句子①Thepresidenthas(當權)forayear.

②I’ll(竭盡全力)tohelpyou.

答案:①beeninpower②doeverythinginmypower9....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個時候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。歸納拓展only+狀語QUOTE+部分倒裝高考運用:語法填空①Onlywhenyoueatproperfoodyoukeephealthy.

②Onlyafterthewarwasoverhecomebacktohishometown.

答案:①can②did10.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一個(參觀)小組談論(羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時,心里覺得很不好受。句中的名詞短語thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句,意為“第一次……時”。歸納拓展(1)可引導時間狀語從句的名詞短語還有:①Q(mào)UOTE=assoonas一……就……②QUOTE(2)可以引導時間狀語從句的副詞有instantly,immediately,directly等,都相當于assoonas。高考運用:完成句子①(下次)youtakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.(2018天津,閱讀理解D)

②(每次)ImeetTom,healwayssmilestome.

答案:①Nexttime②Everytime/Eachtime必修2Unit1Culturalrelics(對應學生用書第23頁)單詞拓展1.survivevi.幸免;幸存survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者2.design n.&vt.設計;構思designer n.設計者3.worth prep.值得的n.價值worthless adj.無價值的worthy adj.有價值的worthwhile adj.值得花時間或精力的4.valuable adj.有價值的value n.價值valueless adj.無價值的5.amaze vt.使吃驚;驚訝amazed adj.感到吃驚的amazing adj.令人吃驚的amazement n.吃驚,驚奇6.decorate v.裝飾;裝修decoration n.裝飾;裝修7.jewel n.珠寶;寶石jewel(le)ry n.珠寶(總稱)8.doubt n.&vt.懷疑;疑惑doubtful adj.懷疑的9.evidence n.根據(jù);證據(jù)evident adj.明顯的10.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸11.entrance n.入口exit n.出口enter v.進入12.informal adj.非正式的13.remove vt.移動;搬開續(xù)表單詞拓展14.debatevi.&n.爭論;辯論15.reception n.接待;接收16.select vt.挑選;選擇17.fancy adj.奇特的vt.想象短語記憶1.insearchof尋找2.belongto 屬于3.thinkhighlyof 高度評價4.inreturn 作為報答5.atwar 處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)6.lessthan 少于7.takeapart 拆開句型整理1.FrederickWilliamⅠ,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國王腓特烈·