2019年職稱英語理工類C級閱讀判斷及答案20

2019 2019 C 20PlantsandMankindBotany（植物學(xué)），thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Wedon’tknowwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,Medicines,shelter,andmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof“knowledge”atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants.Andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture：cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.tislogicalthatadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned.Peoplecannotsurvivewithoutplants.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonteachbotanytotheirchildrenatschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned4.Ourdirectcontactwithplantsgrowswiththeprocessofindustrialization.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned.Todaypeopleusuallyacquirealargeamountofbotanicalknowledgefromtextbooks.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned.PeoplelivingintheMiddleEastfirstlearnedtogrowplantsforfoodabout10,000yearsago.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7.Oncemankindbeganfarming,theynolongerhadtogetfoodfrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：PlantsandMankindA.問題句說“‘關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識一定由來已久’這種說法是合乎邏輯的?！崩谩瓣P(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識”作為答案線索短語，于是在文章第一段第 2句話中發(fā)現(xiàn)含有該短語的句子。而在接下來的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)“合乎邏輯的”這個問題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。對比問題句和答案相關(guān)句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題句是一個句子，而原文采用了2個句子。比較他們語意上的差異：原文中代詞“This”口指上一句話中的陳述，即指代“關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識一定由來已久”?？梢娫牡恼f法與問題句的說法一致。所以該題是考察代詞this的指代關(guān)系?？贏.該題可用常識直接判斷：人類沒有植物就不能生存這種說法應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。而第 1段雖然沒有直接地講到植物對于人類來說是極為重要的，但提到植物為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基礎(chǔ)。所以該題是考察考生的語句的總結(jié)水平。B.利用“亞馬遜叢林中的部落”作為答案線索詞，于是在第一段結(jié)尾部分找到答案相關(guān)句。該句提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落能識別成百上千種植物及其特征，但在他們的詞匯中還沒有“植物學(xué)”這個詞，甚至有可能不承認(rèn)“植物學(xué)”是專門的知識。所以在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。B.利用“工業(yè)化”作為答案線索詞，于是在第二段第一句話發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句，該句說工業(yè)化的水準(zhǔn)越高，我們與植物的直接接觸就越少。B.利用“bOtaniCalknowledge”作為答案線索詞，于是我們在第二段的第 2句找到答案相關(guān)句。但說人們無意識地獲得了大量植物學(xué)知識，由此能夠推出這些知識不是從教科書中獲得的。（因為