2013成人英語學(xué)位考試基本語法

2013成人英語學(xué)位考試基本語法語法;具副詞功能的過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞及短語一樣，過去分詞(pastparticiples)或過去分詞短語(pastparticipialphrases)也可以充當(dāng)副詞，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。過去分詞短語可以表達(dá)下列四種意思：㈠方法或活動(dòng)方式，如：●Hewalkedupanddown,lostinthought.●Isatbeforethedeskuntilaftermid-night,absorbedinwriting.●Surroundedbyahostoffans,thefilmstarlefttheairportexcitedly.㈡原因，如：●Greatlydisappointed,somestaffdecidedtoleavetheplace.●Takenbysurprise,theenemysurrendered.㈢時(shí)間，如：●Bornandbredinaturbulentage,theoldergenerationofpeopleexperiencedallsortsofhardships.●Throwntothefloor,theboyregainedhisfootingafewminuteslater.㈣條件，如：●Givenmoretime,theslowlearnerswouldhavedonebetter.●Criticisedbysomeoneelse,Tonywouldnothaveflareduplikethat.除了直接修飾動(dòng)詞之外，過去分詞或短語也可以和連詞合組成短語，表示下列四種意思：⒈由when,whenever,while,until等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“時(shí)間”，如：●Whenaskedabouthispreviousjob,Billsaidhehadbeenamotormechanic.●Susanseldomspeaksinclassuntilspokento.wherewherever引導(dǎo)，表示“地點(diǎn)”，如：●Mosquitoesshouldbecompletelyexterminatedwherefound.●Retireesingoodhealthshouldbeinvitedtoreturntoworkwhereverneeded.ifunless引導(dǎo)，表示“條件”，如：●Ifkeptfortoolong,somemedicineswilllosetheireffectiveness.●Wehavemadeapointofnotattackingunlessattacked.⒋由though,although,eventhough連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“讓步”，如：●Thoughwarnedofthedanger,theystillwentmountaineering.●Eventhoughdefeatedforasecondtime,ourteamdidnotgiveuphopefortheultimatevictory.此外，過去分詞短語還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用，具副詞作用。如：●Withthewaterpipechoked,therewasn'tanymorewaterforuse.●Withoutanythingleftinthekitchen,theWangsdecidedtoeatout.最后，過去分詞短語，在適當(dāng)情況下，可以有自己的主語而變成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(theabsoluteconstruction)，如：●Theoldmanlistened,h