新視野大學(xué)英語第三版電子教案設(shè)計Book2Unit2

文檔文檔文檔Unit2College—Theladdertosuccess?UnderstandingandLearningOverviewThisunitaddressesthetopicofthevalueofhighereducation,whichismainlycenteredoyoungpeoplewhoarefacingbewildermentineducationalchoices.Wehopethatstudentswillrealizethesignificanceofthehumanities,withwhichstudentscangainmoreinsightsintolifesocietyandbeawareofculturalandreligiousdifferences.TextAadvocatesthatbytakingcoursesinthehumanities,studentsarelikelytogrowintogopeople.TextBopposesgettingacollegeeducationonlyforafuturecareer,anextremethinkingdrivbytheeconomicdownturn.SectionAThehumanities:Outofdate?BackgroundinformationthehumanitiesThehumanitiesareagroupofacademicdisciplinesthatstudythehumancondition,usingmethodsthatareprimarilyanalytical,critical,orspeculative.Therefore,theyaredistinguishetheapproachesofthenaturalsciences.Thehumanities,calledsocialsciences,includehistory,anthropology,communicationstudies,culturalstudies,law,language,literature,philosophy,religion,musicandtheater,etc.Throughexplorationofthehumanities,studentslearnhowtothcreativelyandcritically,toreason,andtoaskquestions.Becausetheseskillsallowstudentstnewinsightsintoeverythingfrompoetryandpaintingstobusinessmodelsandpolitics,humanistisubjectshavebeenattheheartofaliberalartseducation.Today,humanisticknowledgecontinuesprovidetheidealfoundationforexploringandunderstandingthehumanexperience.self-awarenessSelf-awarenessisn’taqualitythatyoudemonstratebytellingastory,butratherithastodwithhowyoutellthestoryandyourabilitytocommunicatewhatyoulearned.Beingabletoexplaitotheadmissionscommitteewhyyouvalueoneaccomplishmentaboveothers,whatyoulearnedfromasetback,orthedeepermeaningofyourcareergoals,isevidenceofself-awareness.Furthermore,theself-awareindividualhasknowledgeofbothhisstrengthsandweaknesses.JamesCameronWorld-famousdirectorofthemovie,Titanic.Thefilmreceived14AcademyAwardnominationsandwasawarded11Oscars.SallyRideAnAmericanphysicistandaformerNASAastronaut.In1983,atage32,shebecamethefirstAmericanwomanandthenyoungestAmericantoenterspace.BruceLeeAChinese-Americanactor,martialartsinstructor,philosopher,filmdirector,filmproduceandscreenwriter.Hewasconsideredthemostinfluentialmartialartistandaculturalicon.BorSanFrancisco,hewasraisedinHongKonguntilhislateteens.HemovedbacktotheUnitedStateat18andstudiedphilosophyatWashingtonUniversity.GwynethPaltrowAnAmericanactressandsinger.ShegainedworldwiderecognitionthroughherperformanceinShakespeareinLove(1998),forwhichshewonAcademyAwardforBestActress.ReneeZellwegerAnAmericanactressandproducer.ShereceivedtwonominationsfortheAcademyAwardforBestActressandwontheAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActress.MattDamonAnAmericanactorandscreenwriter.HeandhisfriendBenAffleckwontheAcademyAwardforBestOriginalScreenplayandtheGoldenGlobeAwardforBestScreenplayfortheirwork—GoodWillHunting(1997).HealsogotmultipleBestActornominations.HaroldVarmusAnAmericanNobelPrize-winningscientistandthandcurrentDirectoroftheNationalthe14CancerInstitute.Hewasaco-recipientofthe1989NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheworkontheoriginsofcancer.MichaelEisnerAnAmericanbusinessman.HewasthechiefexecutiveofficerofTheWaltDisneyCompanyfrom1984until2005.DetailedstudyofthetextWhenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.(Para.1)Meaning:Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.★Whenthegoinggetstough:whenthesituationbecomesdifficult當(dāng)形勢變得嚴(yán)峻時Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.當(dāng)形勢變得嚴(yán)峻時，女人可以變得跟男人一樣堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?！颽ccounting:n.[C]theworkofaccountantsorthemethodstheyuse會計;會計學(xué)Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcoursisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.學(xué)生的主要目的是經(jīng)濟(jì)上富裕。因此，當(dāng)今最流行的課程不是文學(xué)或歷史，而是會計。★takeaccounting:choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting選擇學(xué)會計Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory.(Para.1)Meaning:Whentherearefewerjobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.★calculate:vt.makeajudgmentaboutwhatislikelytohappenusingtheavailableinformation估計；預(yù)測；推測It’sdifficulttocalculatethelong-termeffectsofthesechangesinthelaw.這些法律上變化帶來的長期影響是難以預(yù)測的。findouthowmuchsth.willcost,howlongsth.willtake,etc.byusingnumbers計算；核算Nowadaystheaccountantsintheenterpriseusecomputerstocalculatethecostofproductionwitaccuracy.如今，企業(yè)財務(wù)人員利用電腦來計算準(zhǔn)確的生產(chǎn)成本?！飉ajorin:studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修（某一）科目ThehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhyIchosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.對具有電腦知識人才的高需我選擇在大學(xué)主修計算機(jī)科學(xué)的原因。Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.(Para.1)Meaning:Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.★boost:vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促進(jìn)；推動；使興旺Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.一些國家希望更溫暖的天氣和更多的降雨能提高他們的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！飌rospect:n.[C,U]sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibility可能的事情；很能發(fā)生的事情；前景Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.科技類職業(yè)的前景幾乎是無可限量的。Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,havedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtounemployment.Meaning:Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.★defect:vi.Leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone被判；叛逃Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate197他在20s.世紀(jì)70年代后期背叛了該黨。n.[C]afaultinsb.orsth.缺點(diǎn)；欠缺；不足之處Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.口吃可能是一種遺傳缺陷。UsageNOTEdefect,deficiency在表示“人的缺點(diǎn)，設(shè)計制造方面的缺點(diǎn)或缺陷”時，名詞defect和deficiency的詞義相近。physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷Thenewcarhastobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.這款新汽車因有機(jī)械缺陷，必須被撤出市場。Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.這項(xiàng)計劃的缺陷是很明顯的，所以它不可能成功。但表示“缺少，不足”(shortage時，)只可用deficiency。Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft.符合要求的飛機(jī)數(shù)量嚴(yán)重不足。Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.戰(zhàn)爭期間孩子們遭受了缺乏食物之苦?！颽pplied:a.(usu.beforenoun)usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfotheirpracticaluses（學(xué)科）應(yīng)用的，實(shí)用的Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們希望科學(xué)家們從事基礎(chǔ)研究，而不是應(yīng)用研究?！颾et:(bet,bet)vt.befairlysurethatsth.istrue,thatsth.willhappen,etc.,althoughyo’tprovethis肯定Ibetthetrainwillbelate.我敢打賭，列車會晚點(diǎn)。v.riskmoneyontheresultofarace,game,competitionorotherfutureevent下賭注；與…打賭Ibetmylifethathewilltakemymoneyandleave.我敢用我的命打賭，他將拿著我的錢離開。Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.(Para.2)Meaning:Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’economicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.(Para.2)Meaning:Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.★persist:vi.(fml.)continuetoexist繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果惡劣天氣持續(xù)，農(nóng)民今年將遭受巨大的損失。continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit堅(jiān)持；執(zhí)意Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.學(xué)生如果想取得好成績就必須堅(jiān)持努力。UsageNOTEpersist,insistpersist可用于表示“繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)”，尤其用于不好的事情，而insist沒有此意。Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持續(xù)，請聯(lián)系您的醫(yī)生。persist和insist容易混淆主要是當(dāng)兩者均表示“堅(jiān)持”時。persist用于表示“堅(jiān)持”時，表示“堅(jiān)持反復(fù)做同一件事”，后接介詞in，多用于褒義，指“堅(jiān)持持續(xù)做某事”，有時用于貶義，指“不聽勸告；頑固堅(jiān)持”。Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她母親勸她早點(diǎn)睡，但她仍堅(jiān)持工作到凌晨。insist用于表示“堅(jiān)持”時，表示“堅(jiān)持做某件事（尤其指麻煩或令人討厭的事）”，后接介詞on。SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.當(dāng)我想泡個澡時，她還在那洗頭。insist還可用于表示“對意見、主張等的堅(jiān)持”。insist用于此意時，后接介詞on，也可以接that引導(dǎo)的從句（是否用虛擬語氣，視情況而定，即看從句的內(nèi)容是否是 事實(shí)），而persist無此意。 Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他們堅(jiān)持無論需要多少時間都要將工作做好。 Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnot ill.醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持讓她服此藥，但她堅(jiān)持自己沒病。 ★accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate（使）加快；促進(jìn)Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人類的活動可能導(dǎo)致或加速自然系統(tǒng)的永久變化。7.Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuethlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)Meaning:Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthhumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.NoteItmightbeworthwhiletohaveareviewoftheslideusedasanounoraverb:worn.[usu.sing.]asituationinwhichsth.graduallygetsworseorsb.developsaproblem(情況)變糟，惡化；（人）出現(xiàn)問題Schooladministratorswereunabletoexplaintheslideinstudents’performance.學(xué)校管理人員無法解釋學(xué)生成績下降的原因。v.graduallybecomeworse,orbegintohaveaproblem逐漸破壞；開始出現(xiàn)問題Students’testscoresstartedtoslideinthemid-1990s.20世紀(jì)90年代中期，學(xué)生的考分開始下降?！飐uccession:n.[sing.]aseriesofpeopleorthingsofthesametype一連串，一系列（同類型的人或物）Aftergraduation,hetookasuccessionoflow-paidjobs.畢業(yè)后他干了一連串報酬低微的工作。★insuccession:happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween連續(xù)發(fā)生地；接連發(fā)生地Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.她是一個成功的運(yùn)動員，連續(xù)四次獲得冠軍。8.Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Basedonthefactorthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumbersofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.★liberal:a.～(arts)schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebscience.文科是學(xué)院或大學(xué)的如歷史、語言和文學(xué)之類的學(xué)習(xí)課目，而不是理科學(xué)科。acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeopl心胸寬廣的；開明的Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.人們知道她對離婚持有開明的觀點(diǎn)?！飈ogical:a.connectingideasorreasonsinasensibleway合乎邏輯的；合理的Itislogicaltothinkthatwhenpeoplearedeprivedoftheirfamiliarsurroundingstheywillfeeldisoriented.脫離熟悉的環(huán)境時，人們會感到迷失方向，這樣想是符合邏輯的?！颾ound:a.(～to)sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的；幾乎肯定的Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天的天氣肯定更好。9.Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)Meaning:Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivialrolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.★dominant:a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有優(yōu)勢的；占統(tǒng)治地位的Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.失業(yè)率將是下次總統(tǒng)選舉中的主要話題?！飌illar:n.[C]averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas（信仰或思想）非常重要的部分Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.平等是一個穩(wěn)定社會的支柱之一。athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子；支柱Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.八根巨大的石柱支撐起房頂?！飗ivid:a.havingorproducingveryclearanddetailedimagesinthemind清晰的；生動的Hegaveaveryvividandoftenshockingaccountofhistimeinprison.他描述了他在監(jiān)獄的往事，非常生動，也非常令人震驚?！颿ompel:vt.forcesb.todosth.強(qiáng)迫；迫使Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.當(dāng)他還是一個在校的小男孩時，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短褲。UsageNOTEcompel,oblige,force這三個詞都有“強(qiáng)迫”之意，但程度不同。1.compel表示“強(qiáng)迫；迫使”，指“運(yùn)用權(quán)力、力量迫使對方做某事”，尤其在被動語態(tài)中含“別無他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意義比force弱。Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。2.oblige表示“強(qiáng)制；不得不”，指“因法律、道義、習(xí)俗或許諾的約束而必須去做某事”，多用被動語態(tài)，語氣相對較弱。Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。3.force表示“強(qiáng)迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威脅、武力強(qiáng)迫對方做某事”，后面跟的動作常是不情愿做的事，force的語氣比compel和oblige強(qiáng)。Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位貧窮的農(nóng)民被迫將自己的女兒賣給地主?！颿ompelling:erestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有強(qiáng)烈吸引力的；引人入勝的SteveJob’slifemakesacompellingstory.史蒂夫·喬布斯的一生是一個引人入勝的故事。Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)Meaning:Ihereaskforyourpermissiontolmedefendandadvertisethetrtvaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.★standupfor:supportordefendapersonoranideawhentheyarebeingattacked支持；保衛(wèi)；維護(hù)Marystoodupformeatthemeeting,sparingmesomeembarrassment.瑪麗在會議上支持了我，使我免受了一些尷尬?！飌romote:vt.supportorencouragesth.支持；鼓勵；提倡Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.承認(rèn)別人的文化會促進(jìn)不同背景的人之間的友好親善。Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemysteryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.(Para.4)Meaning:Eversinceancienttimes,peoplehavethoughtcarefullyandseriouslywhythemysteriousforcescomingfromtheirinnerworldcouldbesopowerfulthatitcouldmakesomepeoplegreatwhileothersmorallydeteriorate.★speculatedabout/on:makeguessesaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsth.withoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜測；推測It’stooearlytospeculateabouttheoutcomeofthenegotiationsbetweentheworkersunionandthcompany’sleadership.要推測工會和公司管理層之間的談判結(jié)果，還為時過早?！飉ystery:n.[C,usu.sing.]sth.thatyouarenotabletounderstand,explain,orgetinformaabout不可思議的事物；無法解釋的事物；謎NoonehadeverbeenabletoexplainthemysteryoftheBermudaTriangle.從來沒有人能夠解釋百慕大三角之謎?！飀estruction:n.[U]damagethatissoseverethatsth.stopsexistingorcanneverreturntonormalstate毀滅；摧毀；破壞ThedestructioncausedbytoomanycarsandthedeathofmillionsofpeopleshookthefoundationoWesternidealism.太多的戰(zhàn)爭所造成的破壞和數(shù)以百萬計人的死亡動搖了西方理想主義的基礎(chǔ)。Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.(Para.4)Meaning:Overthepastcenturies,manydifferentnameshavebeenusedtodescribethisinnerforcofhumanbeings.Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calleditthe“unconsciousmind”or,morefamiliarly,“instinct”.(Para.4)Meaning:SigmundFreud,afamouspsychologist,namedittheunintentionalmindor,morefamiliartous,naturalabilitytoknowsomething.★unconscious:a.relatingtoorcomingfromthepartofyourmindinwhichtherearethoughtsandfeelingsthatyoudonotrealizeyouhave潛意識的；下意識的；無意識的Idon’tknowifhenoticedmyunconsciousdesire.我不知他是否注意到我潛意識的愿望。Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructidestructive,hascapturedourimagination.(Para.5)Meaning:Sinceancienttimes,itisthisveryinnerforceofourbeing,eitherconstructiveordestructive,thathasstimulatedourimagination.★destructive:a.causingseveredamageorharm破壞性的；毀滅性的Lackoftrustisverydestructiveinarelationship.缺乏信任在人際關(guān)系中是很具有破壞性的。Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.(Para.Meaning:Itisthesestoriesaboutthisfascinatinginnerstruggleofhumanbeingsthathavelaidfoundationoftheworldcultures.Historians、architects、authors、philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory、music、painting、architecture、sculpture、landscapeandtraditions.(Para.5)Meaning:Ourhistorians、architects、authors、philosophersandartistshavesuccessfullycaughtthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthismysteriousinnerforcebywayofstory、music、painting、architecture、sculpture、landscapeandtraditions.★architect:n.[C]sb.whosejobistodesignbuildings建筑師Heisthearchitectofthisbuilding,andhe’salwaysontheconstructionsite.他是這個大樓的建筑師，他總出現(xiàn)在施工現(xiàn)場。★philosopher:n.[C]sb.whostudiesandtriestoexplainthemeaningofthingssuchaslife,knowledge,orbeliefs哲學(xué)家；哲人PlatowasaGreekphilosopher.柏拉圖是希臘哲學(xué)家?！飅ntheformof:inthewaysth.isorappearstobe以…形式；以…方式Theyreceivedabenefitintheformofataxreduction.他們通過減稅的方式獲益?！飈andscape:n.[C]aphotographorapaintingshowinganareaofcountrysideorland風(fēng)景照；風(fēng)景畫Adamsiswell-knownforhislandscapeofYosemiteNationalPark.亞當(dāng)斯以他所作的優(yōu)勝美地國家公園風(fēng)景畫而聞名。anareaoflandthatisbeautifultolookatorhasaparticulartypeofappearance（陸上的）風(fēng)景，景致，景色Thelandscapeisdottedwiththetentsofcampers.露營者的帳篷點(diǎn)綴了風(fēng)景。17.Thesemenandwomendevelopedartistic“l(fā)anguages”thathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationandalsoeducategenerations.(Para.5)Meaning:Theartisticworksandmasterpiecescreatedbythesemenandwomenhelpusunderstandthestrongdesiresandbeautifuldreamsofhumanbeingsandalsohelpeducatefuturegenerations.18.Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofstudyofthehumanities.(Para.5)Meaning:Thelargeamountofworkfilledwithrichideasandimaginationfromancienttimes—thefundamentalcomponentsofcivilization—providesthebasisofthestudyofthehumanities.★fertile:a.abletoproducegoodideasorresults富有成果的；富有想象力的Apoetmusthaveafertileimagination.詩人必須有豐富的想象力。abletoproducegoodcropsorplants土地)肥沃的，富饒的( FertilesoilhelpsCanadarankamongtheworl’sleadingwheatproducers.肥沃的土壤幫助加拿大躋身世界主要小麥生產(chǎn)國。a/thebodyofsth.:alargeamountormassofsth.,esp.sth.thathasbeencollected大量的某物Acquiringalanguageislearningaskill,notcollectingabodyofinformation.學(xué)語言是學(xué)習(xí)技能，而不是獲取大量的信息。19.Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomatterwhatwedoinlife,willhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearelegantanalysisofandtheseideas!(Para.6)Meaning:Studyingthehumanitieshelpsusimproveourreadingandwritingability.Inwhateversituation,itisagreatadvantageifweunderstandcomplexideasthroughreading.Toillustrate,arethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteandanalyzethosecomplexideasinalogical,clear,intelligentyetsimplemanner,wewillhaveapromisingcareer.★elegant:a.veryintelligentyetsimple（想法或計劃）巧妙的，簡潔的Thedocumentimpressedmewithitselegantsimplicity.該文件給我留下了精辟簡明的深刻印象。beautiful,attractiveandgraceful優(yōu)美的；高雅的Patricialookedbeautifulandelegantasalways.帕特里夏看上去總是那么美麗優(yōu)雅?！颽nalysis:n.[C,U]aprocessofstudyingorexaminingsth.indetailinordertounderstanditexplainit分析I’minterestedinClare’sanalysisofthesituationinChina.我對克萊爾對中國形勢的分析很感興趣。SentencestructureNOTEnomatter常與疑問代詞或疑問副詞一起構(gòu)成連詞詞組引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管…，無論…”，在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1注意從句的時態(tài)由nomatter引導(dǎo)的從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.無論你是誰，都應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。Ouraimistorecruitthebestpersonforthejob,nomatterwheretheyarefrom.我們的目標(biāo)是招聘到該工作的最佳人選，不管他們來自哪里。2注意被修飾的名詞、形容詞以及副詞的位置Nomatterwhat/whose/which修飾名詞時，該名詞必須緊跟其后；nomatterhow修飾形容詞或副詞時，該形容詞或副詞也必須緊跟其后。例如：Nomatterwhichmethodyouuse,you’llgetthesameresult.不管你用那種方法，結(jié)果都一樣。Studyingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.(Para.7)Meaning:Wegetmorefamiliarwiththeexpressionsofemotionandtheprocessofcreationbystudyingthehumanities.Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaneconomydrivenbyinformation,manypeoplearecapableofproducingausefulcommoditylikeanewMP3player.Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theIpod.(Para.7)Meaning:ButveryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateanextremelyimpressiveproductnamesuchastheIpod.(Para.7)★spectacular:a.extremelyimpressive引人入勝的；非常壯觀的Therewasaspectacularsunsetlastnight.昨晚的日落極其壯觀。★brand:n.[C]aproductorgroupofproductsthathasitsownnameandismadebyoneparticularcompany品牌；商標(biāo)TheBeatlesareprobablyoneofthemostspectacularbrandsofmusiciansintheworld.披頭士可能是全世界音樂界里最吸引人的品牌之一了。Mostimportantly,studyingthehumainvestsitiesuswithgreatinsightandself-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.(Para.7)Meaning:Themostimportantadvantageforustostudythehumanitiesisthatitenablesustobecomemoreanalyticalandself-aware;therefore,ourcreativenessandtalentarebroughtoutinpositiveandconstructiveway.★invest:v.useyourmoneywiththeaimofmakingaprofitfromit投資Heinvestedallourprofitsingoldshares.他把我們所有的利潤都投資進(jìn)了黃金股?！飅nvestsb./sth.withsth.:(fml.)givesb.orsth.aparticularquality賦予（某人或某物）以（某種性質(zhì)）Naturehasinvestedtheseanimalswithacapacityfornotshowingfear.自然界賦予了這些動物不顯露恐懼的本領(lǐng)?！飅nsight:n.[U]theabilitytonoticeandunderstandalotaboutpeopleorsituation洞察力；領(lǐng)悟力Itwasaninterestingbook,fulloffascinatinginsightintohumannature.這是一本有趣的書，充滿了對人性絕妙的洞察力。[C,U]asuddenclearunderstandingofsth.,plicated頓悟；洞悉；見解Herresearchhasgivenussomeinsightintowhatsparksateenager’scuriosity.她的研究是我們頓悟到什么會引起青少年的好奇心?！飔hereby:ad.(fml.)becauseoforbymeansofwhathasjustbeenmentioned因此；從而；借此Westartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.我們早早地開始了我們的旅程，從而避開了交通堵塞的高峰期。Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesinthescopeofpossibilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.(Para.8)Meaning:Themostvalidargumenttosupportthehumanitiesisperhapstheycanprovideuswithawiderangeofopportunities.★infavorof:supportingapersonoranidea,proposal,etc.thatyoubelieveis支持；贊同rightCongresshasdecidedinfavorofa＄200millionhousingdevelopment.美國國會已決定贊成一個兩億美元發(fā)展住房的計劃?！飔hescopeof:therangeof圍TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.學(xué)生會已承諾要擴(kuò)大活動圍。DidyouknowthatJamesCameron,world-famousdirectorofthemovie,Titanic,graduatedwithadegreeinthehumanities?SodidSallyRide,thefirstwomaninspace.SodidactorsBruceLeGwynethPaltrow,ReneeZellwegerandMattDamon.Dr.HaroldVarmus,whowonNovelPrizeforMedicine,studiedthehumanities.EvenMichaelEisner,ChairmanoftheDisneyCompany,majoredinthehumanities.(Para.8)MeaningBeyondwords:Allthesefamouspeopleshouldattributetheirsuccesstotheirpreviousstudyofthehumanities,whichinvestedthemwithgreatinsightandself-awareness.UsageNOTEsodidI,soIdid“so+系動詞（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝語序，表示前句敘述的情況也同樣適合后句的人或物，此結(jié)構(gòu)中前后句的主語為不同的人或物。Thegirlissmartandclever;soisherbrother.那個女孩聰明伶俐，她的兄弟同樣也聰明睿智?！皊o+主語+系動詞（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)為正常語序，就前面提到的肯定事實(shí)予以確認(rèn)，表示乙贊同甲的話。這種句型中，前后句主語相同。此處so相當(dāng)于indeed/certainly。Thegirlsaysherbrotherworkshard,andsohedoes.那個女孩說她的兄弟很努力，他確實(shí)是很努力。Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealistindeed.It’seasytoseethehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.(Para.8)Meaning:Itistruethatfamouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiescanmakeupalonglist.Obviously,thehumanitiesenableustoengageinmanydifferentcareersandjobs,nomatterwhethetheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.★prepare…for…:makesb.readyandabletodealwithafutureevent使…做好準(zhǔn)備（應(yīng)對未來）Wenowneedtopreparethemforthedigitaleconomy.我們現(xiàn)在需要讓他們?yōu)閿?shù)碼經(jīng)濟(jì)做好準(zhǔn)備?！飖ndertake:vt.(undertook,undertook)agreetoberesponsibleforajoborprojectanddoit承擔(dān)；著手做Dr.JohnsonundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.約翰遜博士著手寫一本詳盡的英語詞典。Ifwestudyonlymathematics,it’slikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwestudyonlymathematics,verypossiblywewillbeapersonwhoonlycompetesforjobsasamathematician.★candidate:n.[C]sb.whoisbeingconsideredforajoboriscompetinginanelection候選人OneUScorporationofferedalargesumofmoneyinsupportofaUSpresidentialcandidateatatimwhenthecompanywasunderinvestigation.一個美國公司在接受調(diào)查期間為某個美國總統(tǒng)候選人提供了大量的金錢支持。Ifweincludestudyingthehumanities,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortsandimagination.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwealsostudythehumanities,wecansuccessfullyremovemanyobstaclesonourwayandstilldevelopourpotentialunlesswedon’ttryenoughandlackimagination.★breakthrough:n.[C]adiscoveryorachievementthatcomesafteralotofhardwork突破；重大發(fā)現(xiàn)；重大成就Scientistshavemademorethanonemajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.科學(xué)家在治療癌癥方面取得了不止一個重大突破。★barrier:n.[C]anythingthatpreventsprogressormakesitdifficultforsb.toachievesth.障礙Thenewpresidentadvocatedtheremovaloftradebarriersforhiscountry.那位新總統(tǒng)主為他的國家消除貿(mào)易壁壘。Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,liabletomissmanyopportunities.weare(Para.8)Meaning:Itisforsurethatnowadaysifwestudythehumanitiesalone,wearelikelytomissmanchancesoropportunities.★liable:(be～todosth.)likelytodosth.inaparticularwaybecauseofafaultortendency可能（易于）做某事的Manypartsofthecountryareliabletosufferfromflooding.該國的許多地方已