2023學年完整公開課版高中英語Unit2WorkingthelandGrammaran

人教版必修四Unit2之Grammar教學設(shè)計TeachingAims:Learnthatmodalverbscanbeusedtotalkaboutability,obligation,certaintyorpermission,tomakerequests,suggestions,offersandtogiveadvice.Enablestudentstolearnthatsomemodalverbscanbeusedwiththecontinuousformandtheperfectformtotalkaboutcurrentaffairsorpastactions.TeachingImportantPoints:Developthestudents’abilityofusingmodalverbs.Howtomakestudentsmastertheusageofmodalverbs.TeachingDifficultPoints:Developthestudents’abilityofusingmodalverbsandhowtomakestudentsmastertheusageofmodalverbs.TeachingMethods:ExplanationandexerciseTeachingAids:ThemultimediaTheblackboardTeachingProcedures:Step1WarmingupSaysomesentencestowarmupstudents:Canyoudrive?Hecanjump2meters.Youmustworkhard,oryouhavetoliveahardlife.Step2LeadinLetstudentssaysentencesincludingmodalverbsasmanyaspossible.Step3Activities:(1)Introducemodalverbswiththefollowing:Now,manyofuscanspeakEnglishquitewell,butafewyearsago,wecouldn’t.Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehasnow,weuse“can”.Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehadinthepast,weusuallyuse“could”.Askstudents:Ifwetalkabouttheabilityinthefuture,whatmodalverbsdoweuse?(will,shall,beableto)(2)Askstudentstomakesentencesusingthesewordstotalkaboutability.Showtheusageofthemodalverbsonthescreen.(3)Talkaboutobligationofthemodalverbs“should,oughtto,haveto,must”,Showtheusageofthemodalverbsonthescreen.Step4Writethefollowingsentenceontheblackboard:Imight/may/could/should/oughtto/will/mustwatchtheTVprogrammetonight.Explaintheusageofthesemodalverbs,showingmoreexamplesonthescreen.Step5Explaintheusageofpermissionofthemodalverbs“Can,could,might”ShowtheexamplesonthescreenStep6.AskstudentstoreadPart1onpage28tofindouthowmodalverbsareusedtotalkaboutability,obligation,certaintyandpermission,showingmoreexamplestothestudentsandexplainingtheusagetothestudents.Step7AskstudentstoreadPart2aboutthemodalverbsofmakingrequests,suggestionsoroffers,andgiveadvice.Step8Askstudentstoreadtheinstructionsfortheexerciseonpage29,completethearticleindividually,andthenchecktheanswersinclass.Askstudentstogivereasonsforeachchoicetheymake.Step9AskstudentstoreadPart4onPage28.Makesurethattheyunderstandwhythecontinuousformortheperfectformisusedintheexamplesentences.Homework:PartC1onpage100oftheworkbookReferenceforteaching情態(tài)動詞語法特征:1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2）情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式。1.比較can和beableto1）can/could表示能力；可能（過去時用could）,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式（could）。beableto可以用于各種時態(tài),例如：will/shallbeableto,wouldbeableto,have/has/hadbeenableto,must/may/mightbeableto。例如：

Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。Now,manyofuscanspeakEnglishquitewell,butafewyearsago,wecouldn’t.Whenmygrandfatherwasyoung,hecouldswimacrosstheriver.注意：could有時不表示時態(tài)

1）提出委婉的請求，主要用于疑問句，答語應用can（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我能看電視嗎？

Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.可以/不可以。

2）在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如：

Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是壞人。2）只用beableto的情況：

a.位于助動詞后。

b.情態(tài)動詞后。

c.表示過去某時刻動作時。

d.用于句首表示條件。

e.表示成功地做了某事時，用was/wereableto，表示在過去某時的某一場合設(shè)法做成了某事，=managedtodo,而could則無此意義，不能用could。例如：1．Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromit.

2.HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.

他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前逃離歐洲。:DoyouknowwhenMrHawkingwillbeabletovisittheschool?B:Hesaidhemightbeabletocomenextmonth,buthe’snotsure.2.Ihavebeentryingtogetonlineforquitealongtime,butIhaven’tbeenabletoaccesstheInternetonthenewcomputer.3.HehaslivedinRussiaforthreeyears.SohemustbeabletounderstandsomeRussian.4.Asasecretary,itisimportanttobeabletotypequickly.5.Youcangettothestadiumeitherbybusorbyunderground.6.Thewomancouldn’tfallasleepasitwas12.andhersonstillwasn’thome.2.比較may和might

1)表示允許或請求；否定回答是，一般要用mustn’t,表示“禁止”“阻止”MayIwatchTV?Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2)表示沒有把握的推測,可能性的推測，含有“或許”“可能”“大概”的意思，用might代替may時，則語氣顯得更加不肯定（不用與疑問句）Hemightbeathome.他可能在家。Itmaybetrue.Hemighthavesomefever.Shemaycometomorrow.注意：might表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)，只是可能性比may小。

典型例題

Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will

答案B.表可能性只能用may。此句意可從后半句推出。3)may放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：

MayGodblessyou!愿上帝保佑你！

Mayyousucceed!MayGodbewithyou!4)表示請示、允許時,might比may的語氣更委婉，用MayI…征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日?？谡Z中，用CanI…征詢對方意見更為常見。MightIuseyourtelephone?Yes,please.May/CanIgohomenow?Yes,youmay/can.比較haveto和must1）兩詞都是'必須'的意思，haveto表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。例如：

1.Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）saidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）3.Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.4.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.

2）haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。例如：

Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。

3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don'thaveto表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：

don'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告訴他。

mustn'ttellhimaboutit.你不得把這件事告訴他。4）mustA.表示“必須”“應該”，語氣比should,oughtto強烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不準”“不應該”“禁止”等意。mustn’t“不準，不許”語氣強烈,needn’t“不需要，沒必要”語氣緩和Youmustn’tmissthisfootballmatch.It’sveryimportant.Youneedn’twatchthegameifyoudon’twantto.B.在回答帶有must的問句時,否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto,表示不必”MustIcomebackbefore10?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.C.must表示有把握的推測,一定,準是,想必,只用于肯定句中Itmustbeyourheadmaster.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.D.must表示偏偏要做…,表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩,表示一種重要或急迫的事情.1.Thoughsheneedn’t,shemustgo.偏偏2.Youdidn’thavetocomeagain,butyoumust.偏偏3.Wehavetocareforthetheyoung.義務.4.Howoldareyou,madam?Ifyoumustknow,I’mtwicemyson’sage.E.must也可以作名詞,表示必須做看或聽等的事情.Hisnewnovelisamustforallloversofcrimefiction.4.比較will和would

注意：

1）wouldlike；wouldliketodo=wantto想要，為固定搭配。例如：

Wouldyouliketogowithme?想和我一塊去嗎？

2）Willyou…?Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some,而不是any。例如：

Wouldyoulikesomecake?吃點蛋糕吧。

3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一種委婉語氣。

Won'tyousitdown?你不坐下嗎？4)表示意志或意愿,will表示現(xiàn)在,would指過去Iwillneverdothatagain.Theysaidtheywouldhelpus.5)表示請示或建議時,用would比用will委婉和客氣.Will/Wouldyoupleasepasshimthebook?6)表示習慣性動作,總是,慣于,will指現(xiàn)在,would指過去Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow,deepinthought.7)表示預料或猜想,表示大概會……Itwouldbeabout10whenhelefthome.Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.5.比較usedto和would的區(qū)別1）表示過去重復的習慣時,兩個都可以.Hewould/usedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.2）usedto強調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比,含有過去怎樣,現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了,would則單純表示過去的習慣性動作,常與often,everyday等連用Heusedtobeaverystrongman.Sheisn’twhatsheusedtobe.Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.我們每天晚上坐在院子里,聽他講故事.3）表示過去的狀態(tài),只能用usedto,不可用wouldThereusedtobeatempleonthetopofthemountain.6.比較need和dare

這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時,后面的to時?？梢员皇÷浴?/p>

1）實義動詞：need（需要,要求）need+n./todosthWeneedtotellhimthenews.Youdon’tneedtotellhimthenews.Dotheflowersneedwatering?2）情態(tài)動詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為neednot。例如：

Needyougoyet?你要走了嗎？

Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急著走.NeedIhelpyou?Yes,please.Youneedn’taskhimthequestion.dare表示“敢,敢于”,作情態(tài)動詞,主要用于疑問句,否定句和條件從句,一般不用于肯定句中.Dareyougoalonethere?Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.Howdarehedosuchathing?用作實義動詞時,其變化形式和一般動詞相同.在肯定句中,dare后通常接帶to的不定式，在否定句和疑問句中，dare后面既可帶to也可不帶to.Wouldyoudaretocatchthesnakewithyourhand?Theboydarestodoanythinghelikes.Noonedarestoswiminthatriver.Hedoesn’tdare(to)climbthattalltree.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?Howdareyou(he)…?表示憤怒，譴責，不表示疑問Howdareyoucallhimaliar?你怎敢說他撒謊？Idaresay/Idaresay我相信，可能Shewillkeepherword,Idaresay.我想她會守信用的。Iwouldimaginehe’sforgotten.Idaresay.7.oughtto/shouldA.oughtto應該Yououghttotakecareofhim.OughtItogonow?Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.表示推測，表示某個情況是合理的，符合邏輯的Hemustbehomebynow.斷定Heoughttobehomebynow.不十分肯定B.oughtto/shouldshould表示自己的主觀看法，而oughtto語氣重，含有按道理應該，如果要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務和規(guī)定時用oughtto.oughtto在省略答語中，如果表示本應該或本不應該時，要在to后加have,除此之外要加to.1.Youshouldhelpthemwiththeirwork.2.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceiveagoodeducation.should的用法1.表示義務，“應該”，用于各種人稱Youshouldbepolitetoyourteacher.Youshouldn’tspendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.2.表示推測，“想必，估計”的意思．Iftheystarttoday,theyshouldarrivethereintwodays.3.表示與想象的不一樣”照說應該……”IwonderwhereMaryis.sheshouldbeherenow.4.在某些從句中，表示虛擬語氣．HesuggestedthatI(should)gotoshanghaitomorrow.Hedemandedthatwe(should)solvetheproblematonce.5.表示驚訝，憂慮，惋惜等感情色彩．Iamsurprisedheshouldeatsolittleeveryday.8．shall/shouldshall表示應該,常指法律、條約或協(xié)定中的義務和規(guī)定。Youshallnotdoitlikethat.可能是違法或違反協(xié)定Youshouldnotdoitlikethat.僅是勸解與第二或第三人稱連用，用于陳述句中，表示說話人的意圖、命令、允諾、警告Youshallhavealotofmoney.意圖=I’llgiveyoualotofmoney.Youshallgetyourphotosbeforetomorrownoon.Heshallbepunishedifhestillstayshere.與第一或第三人稱連用，詢問對方的意見或請求指示。Shallwebeginnow?Shallthedriverwaitoutsideorgivehimanhour’srest?A:Shallhecomein?B:Ok.makeoffersI’llwashyoursportsjacket.ShallIgetaticketforyou?Shallwecarrythebooksforyou?should表示應該，常有一種道義上的責任或義務；居然，竟然，常表驚訝、憂慮、惋惜或高興的情緒，Why/Howshould…?竟會，表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外和驚訝；表示推測時，表示確定的或可能有的未來或期望。Youshoulddoitbecauseyouhavepromisedto.Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.I’msurprisedheshouldeatsolittleeveryday.Whyshouldhethinklikethat?Ican’tbelieveit.It’snearly7.Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.9.will表示說話人的意愿或固執(zhí)己見，用于非人稱主語時，表固有性質(zhì)或傾向。Iwon’tallowhertodothat.Thewindowwon’topen.Thedoorwon’tshut.情態(tài)動詞的其他常見用法：cannot…too/enough無論怎樣…也不過分，越…越好Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。Youcan’trememberenoughEnglishwords.你記的英語單詞越多越好。cannotbutdo=havetoIcouldnotbutchoosetogo.Icannotbutadmireyourbravery.maywelldosth.完全能，很可能Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognize(4)mayaswelldosth=hadbetterdo最好，滿可以，倒不如Youmayaswelldoitatonce.情態(tài)動詞+havedone意義的正確理解may/might+havedone用于推測過去的行為，“可能”“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有…）Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.couldhavedone表示過去能做而未做的事情，有種惋惜?！氨究梢浴盜hadnoclassyesterdayevening,