被動語態(tài)及練習試題

心尺引州丑巴孔市中潭學校2006年被動語態(tài)及練習ThePassiveVoice被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞〃構(gòu)成。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)那么與be作為系動詞時完全一致。否認式在be后面加not,疑問式把be提前。一、被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的結(jié)構(gòu).一般現(xiàn)在時(am,is,are+pp〕Iamoftenaskedtodothisjob.Historyismadebythepeople.Theyarerespectedbyeverybodyinthecountry..一般過去時(was,were+pp)ThemeetingwasheldinMay.ThesemachinesweremadeinHarbin..一般將來時(shall,will+be+pp)Shallwebeinvitedtoattendtheparty?Youwon'tbeallowedtotakesomuchfood..現(xiàn)在進行時(am,is,are+being+pp)Anewsubwayisbeingbuiltinourcity.Theirroomsarebeingpaintednow..過去進行時(was,were+being+pp)Theroadwasbeingwidened..現(xiàn)在完成時(have,has+been+pp)Thenovelhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages..過去完成時(had+been+pp)Productionhadbeengreatlyreducedbytheendoflastyear..將來完成時(shall,will+have+been+pp)TheworkwillhavebeenfinishednextMonday.(注：被動語態(tài)無將來進行或完成進行時態(tài)。)二、被動語態(tài)的使用.在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，難以說出或沒有必要說出時。Mywalletwasstolen.Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?DVDmachinesaresoldinthatshop..強調(diào)動作的承受者而不是動作的執(zhí)行者時。Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.HuJintaowaselectedChairmanofourstate..當動作的執(zhí)行者是無生命的事物時。Thecropsweredestroyedbytheflood..從修辭的角度考慮使用被動語態(tài)。1〕為了防止轉(zhuǎn)移陳述的主體。Manypeoplewerewoundedintheaccidentandtheywererushedtothenearesthospital.比較Manypeoplewerewoundedintheaccidentandwerushedthemtothenearesthospital.2〕為了防止使用很長的名詞短語充當主語而使讀者費解。IwasshownroundtheschoolbyBill,thesonofaverygoodfriendofmine,whohadenteredthecollegejustayearbefore.3〕為了表示委婉、禮貌、防止提及自己而使用被動語態(tài)。Youarerequestedtoshowyourpassattheentrance..被動語態(tài)常用于報告文章或科技論著中?！猜浴橙?、不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句的主動句.動詞的限制有些及物動詞，如have,become（適合〕等，不能用于被動語態(tài)。Wehaveacar.不可說成：Acarishadbyus.Thejacketdoesn'tbecomeme.不可說成：Iamnotbecomebythejacket..賓語的限制如果直接賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞，就不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)。Isawmyselfinthemirror.不可說成：Myselfwasseeninthemirrorbyme.Wehelpeachother.不可說成：Eachotherishelpedbyus.四、短語動詞的被動形式v+adv在主動句中賓語可以位于副詞的前面或后面，但在被動句中，這個短語必須作為整體對待，副詞必須緊跟在動詞后面。Shepickedupthebook.或Shepickedthebookup.必須改為：Thebookwaspickedupbyher.v+prep不可被其它成分隔開。Thethievesbrokeintohishouselastnight.必須改為：Thehousewasbrokenintobythieveslastnight.v+adv+prep同樣具有不可分性。Weshouldn'tlookdownupontheslowpupils.必須改為：Theslowpupilsshouldnotbelookeddownuponbyus.五、可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的幾種根本句型S+Vt+O

Henryispaintingthatpicture.fThatpictureisbeingpaintedbyHenry.S+Vt+O+CoWewillelecthimmonitor.fHewillbeelectedmonitorbyus.S+Vt+O+AdThepostmanhadputthelettertherebeforeyoucame.fTheletterhadbeenputtherebeforeyoucame.S+Vt+Oi+OdMyteachergavemeabook.flwasgivenabookbymyteacher.fAbookwasgiven(to)mebymyteacher.六、特殊的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu).含情態(tài)動詞Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass..帶不定式Thewholeplanhastobechanged.七、被動結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別.它們的主要區(qū)別在于：被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示動作，系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示狀態(tài)。系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thecupisbroken.被動結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thecupisbroken.Thecupwasbroken(byhim).Iwasencouragedbymyteacher.Iwasratherencouraged.IwasinterestedbywhatIheard.Iwasinterestedinit..句中有by短語，并且by后的賓語是有生命的人或動物，那么該句一定是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，有時不是人或動物也可以判斷出是被動結(jié)構(gòu)。Thebirdwaskilledbytheboy.Thecropsweredestroyedbytheflood..with短語常暗示著某個動作執(zhí)行者的存在，這樣的句子往往是被動結(jié)構(gòu)。Thebirdwaskilledwithastone..系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的表語常是一些以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，這些詞?？捎胿ery,quite,rather,more等修飾。Iwasverysurprised. Hewasquiteencouged.Theywereratherinterested.Iammoreannoyed.被動語態(tài)練習一、單項選擇.Alibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.haveofferedB.hasofferedC.isofferedD.areoffered.Somenewoilfieldssince1976.A.wereopenedupB.hasopenedupC.havebeenopenedupD.hadbeenopenedup.Thehospitalin1998.A.hassetupB.wassetupC.setupD.hasbeensetup.一Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?一Notyet.Therooms.A.arepaintedB.arepaintingC.arebeingpaintedD.arebeingpainting.Thewarin1937.A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout.Mary.A.HernameiscalledB.HernamecallsC.SheiscallD.Sheisnamed.Thiscarmycousin.A.isbelongedtoB.belongtoC.isbelongingtoD.belongsto.Thestoryinthecity.A.tookplaceB.wastakenplaceC.washappenedD.hadbeentakenplace.Thisletterneedn,t.A.typedB.tobetypedC.typeD.betyped.Greatcareofhispet.A.wastakenB.hastakenC.tookD.hadtaken.Idon’tmindhim.A.toinviteB.beinginvitedC.invitedD.tobeinvited12.Thispenwell.A.isn’twrittenB.doesn'twriteC.writeD.werenotwrittenthinkmuchattentionyourpronunciation.A.mustpaytoB.oughttobepaidC.mustbepaidtoD.shouldbepaidby.Wetomeetatthegateatseveno’clocksharp.A.supposedB.aresupposedC.willsupposeD.shouldbesupposed.Carsaredrivenengines.A.withB.byC.inD.for.Goodmedicinebitter.A.aretastedB.tastesC.willbetastedD.wouldbetasted二、區(qū)別以下句子，指出是被動結(jié)構(gòu)還是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。.Theshopwasclosedat6:00p.m.yesterday..Theshopisclosed..Theywereeducatedbythesociety,schoolsandfamilies..Theywerewelleducated..Hewasdressedinblue..Thechildrenweredressedeverymorningbytheirparents.三、把以下各句變?yōu)楸粍泳洹?Thestudentsmusthandintheirpapersimmediately..Whowilllookafterthechild?.Dotheytakegoodcareofthesick?.Weshouldmakegooduseofeveryminute..Theysentforthedoctorrightaftertheaccident..Theyhadneverdreamedofsuchsuccessbeforetheymadetheexperiment.四、把以下各句變?yōu)楸粍泳?，用原句劃線局部作主語。.Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived..TheypromisedMaryanewdollforherbirthday..Shegaveustwoclassesthismorning..Iallowedhimtwodaystogetready.五、把以下句子改為主動句，用括號內(nèi)所給的詞作主語。.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.(people).Wearebeingtaughthowtooperatethenewmachine.(aman).Thedoorshouldnothavebeenleftopenallnight.(you).Theboywasgivenaspecialprize.(theteacher).Allthesewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.(you).Theroomisalwayskeptcleanandtidy.(Jordan)Answers:1—5:CCBCD6—10:DDADA11—16:BBCBBB二、被動：171922系表：182021三、23.Thestudents'papersmustbehandedinimmediately.24.Bywhomwillthechildbelookedafter?.Arethesicktakengo