長(zhǎng)城英文介紹中英文對(duì)照課件

TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaHistory歷史Visibilityfromspace太空視野Notableareas著名的區(qū)域HistoryTheChinesewerealreadyfamiliarwiththetechniquesofwall-buildingbythetimeoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodfromthe5thcenturyBCto221BC,thestatesofQin,Wei,Zhao,QiandYanallconstructedextensivefortificationstodefendtheirownborders.QinShiHuangconqueredallopposingstatesandunifiedChinain221BC,establishingtheQinDynasty.ToprotecttheempireagainstintrusionsbytheXiongnupeoplefromthenorth,heorderedthebuildingofanewwalltoconnecttheremainingfortificationsalongtheempire'snewnorthernfrontier.Mostoftheancientwallshaveerodedawayoverthecenturies,andveryfewsectionsremaintoday.

從春秋時(shí)代開(kāi)始，我國(guó)古代人民便已熟悉城墻建造技術(shù)。在從公元前5世紀(jì)至公元前221年的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦、魏、趙、齊和燕各國(guó)建立廣泛的防御工事來(lái)保衛(wèi)自己的邊界。公元前221年，秦始皇征服了所有反對(duì)國(guó)家而統(tǒng)一了個(gè)國(guó)，建立秦朝。為了避免匈奴人的入侵，他下沿著整個(gè)國(guó)家的北部邊界建立新的城墻，以連接殘留的防御工事。古城墻大部分已侵蝕了數(shù)百年，只有極少數(shù)路段保留至今。后來(lái)的長(zhǎng)城由漢，隋和晉朝以極大的代價(jià)來(lái)修理，改建或是擴(kuò)建長(zhǎng)城以捍衛(wèi)自己免于北方的侵略。在15世紀(jì)40-60年代，明朝修建了所謂的“遼東長(zhǎng)城”。明朝末年，長(zhǎng)城抵御了滿清帝國(guó)入侵。然而，當(dāng)山海關(guān)隘口被吳三桂打開(kāi)后，滿族人迅速占領(lǐng)了北京，建立了清朝。在清朝統(tǒng)治下，中國(guó)的邊界一直延伸到長(zhǎng)城之外和蒙古，所以建造和維修長(zhǎng)城的工事被停止。HistoryNotableareas

1."NorthPass"ofJuyongguanpass,knownastheBadaling.Madeofstoneandbricksfromthehills,thisportionoftheGreatWallis7.8

meters(25.6

ft)highand5

meters(16.4

ft)wide.

“北通”居庸關(guān)，也就是八達(dá)嶺。由石頭和磚塊砌成，這部分長(zhǎng)城高7.8米（25.6英尺）寬5米（16.4英尺）。2.“WestPass”ofJiayuguan.ThisfortisnearthewesternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“西通”嘉峪關(guān)。這個(gè)要塞靠近長(zhǎng)城的西部邊緣。

3."EastPass"ofShanhaiguan.ThisfortisneartheeasternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“東通”山海關(guān)。這個(gè)要塞靠近長(zhǎng)城的東部邊緣。Visibilityfromspace

AmorecontroversialquestioniswhethertheWallisvisiblefromlowearthorbit(analtitudeofaslittleas100miles(160km)).NASAclaimsthatitisbarelyvisible,andonlyundernearlyperfectconditions;itisnomoreconspicuousthanmanyotherman-madeobjects

比較有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題是，長(zhǎng)城在低地球軌道上(海拔僅為100英里（160公里）是否可見(jiàn)。美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局聲稱幾乎是看不到