修辭總結(jié)(高級(jí)英語(yǔ))

1.Simile:afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparisonrecognizedbytheuseofwordslike,as,seem,asif,asthough,suchas.e.g.Witwithoutlearningislikeatreewithoutfruit.…andthefattestwomanIhaveeverseeninmylifedozinginastraight-backedchair.Itwasasifasackofgrainwassupportedbyamatchbox.Thepentoawriteriswhataguntoafighter.Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsume

wealthwithoutproducingit.Wordsandfeatheraretossedbythewind.Whenhemoves,hislittleagilitysuggestedatamepantherwithouttheclaws.2.Metaphor:afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother.e.g.Thesunshineofhappinessismadeupofverylittlebeams.(compare:Happinessislikesunshine:itismadeupofverylittlebeams.)Moneyisbottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowninit.Bewareoflittleexpenses.Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.Ifalluponthethornsoflife!Ibleed.Hishostilitymelted.Bythistimethevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.3.parallelism:comesfromGreek,itmeanstobealongsideoneanother.Itputthewords,phrases,clausesandsentencessimilarorcloseinmeaning,orstructurealongsideoneanother.e.g.withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,to

gotojailtogether…Itwasnotanger,norsurprise,nordisapproval,norhorror,noranyoftheemotionsthatshe

hadbeenpreparedfor.4.

Antithesis:therhetoricalopposingorcontrastingofideasbymeansofgrammaticallyparalleledarrangementofwords,clausesorsentences.e.g.whenpovertycomesinatthedoor,lovefliesoutatthewindow.Menmakehouses,womenmakehome.Wefoundourselvesrichingoods,butraggedinspirit.Asforme:givemelibertyorgivemedeath.5.

allusion(典故，隱喻，):usuallyanimplicitreference,perhapstoanotherworkofliteratureorart,toapersonoranevent.e.g.Yourwantyourpoundofflesh?Ineverbelieveuntilthenthatanymealcoulddefeatme,butonthatdayImetmy

waterloo.6.Anaphora:therhetoricaldeviceofrepeatingawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesorsentences.eg.LetusbedissatisfieduntilAmerica…Letusdissatisfieduntilslums…Letusbedissatisfieduntilintegration…7.Chiasmus(交錯(cuò)配列詞):areversalintheorderofwordsintwootherwiseparallelphraseseg.Awell-educatedmanshouldknowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.Lovemakestimepass,timemakeslovepass.8.Paradoxisastatementthatappearstobelogicallycontradictoryandyetmaybetrue,thepurposeofwhichistoprovokefreshthought.e.g.Morehaste,lessspeed.TheChildisfatheroftheMan9.Alliteration:頭韻occurrenceofthesameletterorsoundatthebeginningoftwoormorewordsinsuccessioneg.Amistymorningmayhaveafineday.Heremainedloyaltomethroughthickandthin.Heisasproudasapeacock.

10.Transferredepithet:修飾轉(zhuǎn)換\移位修飾thetransferenceofanadjectivetoanountowhichitisnotwhollyappropriateeg.Therewasashort,thoughtfulsilence.Thisisthecheapestmarketinthiscountry.Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageofsixty.11.Understatement:Understatementisusedwhenaspeakerwantstoamakeasituationseemlessstrongorimportantthanitis.Itisoften,butnotalways,expressedbythenegationoftheopposite.eg.

Londonisnotthecheapestplaceintheworld.(Londonisexpensive)He'salittleontheoldside.(Hernewhusbandisold)Iwouldn'tsayittastedgreat.(Thefoodisterrible)12.Hyperbole:deliberateandobviousexaggerationusedforeffect.eg.

Herwrinklesweighmorethanshedoes!(sheisveryold)Myhistoryteacher'ssoold,helivedthrougheverythingwe'velearnedaboutancientGreeceIthinkofyouamilliontimesaday.13.Metonymy:(轉(zhuǎn)喻)thekindoffigureofspeechinwhichthenameofonethingisusedinplaceofthatofanotherassociatedwithorsuggestedbyit.

e.g.Heistoofondofthebottle.

Thecrownpresidedthenewyearpartyinthepalace.14.Synecdoche:(提喻)inwhichatermisusedinoneofthefollowingways:?Partofsomethingisusedtorefertothewholethingor?Athing(a"whole")isusedtorefertopartofitor?Aspecificclassofthingisusedtorefertoalarger,moregeneralclass,or?Ageneralclassofthingisusedtorefertoasmaller,morespecificclass,or?Amaterialisusedtorefertoanobjectcomposedofthatmaterial,or?Acontainerisusedtorefertoitscontents.Eg.Heearnshisbreadbywritin