高考英語語法考查直接寫答案法則精講精練（有答案）

1/15高考英語語法考查直接寫答案法則精講精練一、動詞考查1、when與whilewhen之后一般要用過去式，while之后一般要用過去進行時?！緦嵗?】WhenI_____(get)home,mymotherwascookingdinner.【答案】got【實例2】Whilemymother________(cook)dinner,Ienteredthekitchen.【答案】wascooking【練習】1.Whilehe_______(play)computergames,hisfathercameintohisstudy.2.Hewasplayingcomputergameswhenhisfather______(come)intohisstudy.3.Shewasabouttogooutforawalkwhenthetelephone______(ring).【答案】1.wasplaying;2.came;3.rang2、by語法填空里，空格之后有“by”，則空格里考慮填“be+動詞ed”,但是如果前面已經有了動詞，則空格里直接用“ed”就可以，此時不需要加be動詞。(注:這里的be代表am/is/are,was/were，been,這里的動詞ed形式指的是過去分詞，不是過去式)【實例1】Thisisabestmovie________(direct)byZhangYimou.【答案】directed【解析】前有動詞be，后面的動詞直接用ed形式，無需再加be【實例2】Thismovie_____________(direct)byZhangYimou.【答案】wasdirected【解析】前無動詞，后必be+“ed”表示被動語態(tài)【練習】1.Wuhan________(call)HotCitybypeoplehaschangedalotinrecent5years.【答案】called3、最高級，序數詞，only，just，never等詞

之后一般要用todo.【實例1】Heisthefirstone_________(come)toschool.【答案】tocome【解析】在序數詞修飾的名詞或代詞之后的動詞要用不定式填空?！揪毩暋?.Tomhurriedtothestation,only_______(find)thetrainhadleft.2.Sheleftthesadcity,never______(return)again.【答案】1.tofind;2.toreturn4、“and”“or”

“then”前后詞性一致，時態(tài)一致，結構一致，意思一致。

【實例1】Lastyear,wewenttoJapanand_______(work)thereforawhile.

【答案】worded【解析】句子用and并列兩個謂語，這種并列的謂語在時態(tài)上要一致?！揪毩暋縃ecameintotheclassroomand______(ask)uswhereourmonitorwas,then______(leave).【答案】asked,left5、完成時的標志詞(核心考點)

“for+一段時間”,“一段時間+before”,inrecentyears,uptill/tonow,already,ever,never,yet,

sofar,recently表示完成時的標志詞，動詞要變成“havedone”?！緦嵗?】Ihavealready_______(see)thefilm.【解析】答案haveseen。句子中有常與現在完成時連用的副詞already。【實例2】Uptonowman_________(invent)manynewthings.【解析】答案hasinvented。uptonow(到目前為止)是現在完成時的標志詞?！揪毩?】Inrecentyearsseveralbridges________(build)overtheYangziRiver.【答案】havebeenbuilt【練習2】Hisgrandfather________(die)for10years【答案】hasbeendead【練習3】It______(be)8yearssincehejoinedtheArmy.【答案】is/hasbeen6、“when，while，before，after”等詞

直接跟動詞時，要加“ing”。

【實例1】Before_______(go)toschool,helistenedtoanEnglishprogram.【解析】答案going。Beforegoing=Beforehewasgoing,當從句主語和主句主語相同，且從句謂語中有be動詞，常常省略從句的主語和be動詞?！揪毩暋縒hile______(walk)thedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose….【答案】walking7、“when，where，what，how,whether”這些疑問詞之后有動詞V，動詞前要加to?！緦嵗?】Iwanttoknowwhere_____(go).【解析】答案togo。疑問詞+不定式（短語）常作賓語。【實例2】Hedidn’tknowhow_______(answer)him.【解析】答案toanswer。疑問詞+不定式（短語）常作賓語?！揪毩?】When_______(start)hasnotbeendecided.【答案】tostart【練習2】Myquestioniswhat_______(eat)atnoon.【答案】toeat8、“形修名，副修動，兩動之間要有to”一般情況下，兩個動詞之間要“to”，凡事有例外，任何事情也不是絕對的，但是，lookforwardto,keyto,beusedto,payattentionto,makecontributionto等詞組之后要用doing?！緦嵗?】Heplanned_______(complete)theworkbeforedark.【解析】答案tocomplete。動詞plan,want,allow,pretent,tryone’sbest等后常接不定式（短語）作賓語?！緦嵗?】I’mlookingforwardto________(go)abroadforthefurtherstudy.【解析】答案going。lookforwardto短語中的to是介詞，介詞后常用doing形式?！揪毩?】Theyhavebeenusedto_______(get)upearlyand_____(go)tobedlate.【答案】getting,going【練習2】Aftergraduatingfromcollege,hedevotedhimselfto________(complete)hisresearchwork.【答案】completing9、關于花費spend之后出現動詞，要加ing;take和cost之后出現動詞要用todo。【實例1】Hespent3years_______(finish)writinghisnewnovel.【解析】答案finishing。spendmoney/time(in)doingsth。第二個動詞要有doing形式。【實例2】Ittookus30,000yuan_______(buy)thelogcabin.【解析】答案tobuy。Ittakes/tooksb.todosth.這里用動詞不定式（短語）作真正的主語，it為形式主語?！揪毩?】Itcosthim100yuan_______(buy)thesweaterlastweek.=Ittookhim100yuan______(buy)thesweaterlastweek.=Hespent100yuan______(buy)thesweaterlastweek.【答案】tobuy,tobuy,buying10、語法填空中，空格前是形容詞

(危險考點)形容詞之后要加todo

,即空格里填todo。除了busy和worth,這兩個詞后要用doing形式。(不完全，但?？??！緦嵗?】I’mhappy_______(hear)thegoodnews.【答案】tohear【實例2】It’sdifficultforus_______(finish)theworkinhalfanhour.【答案】tofinish【實例3】Theairwillbehard_______(breathe)onthemountains.【答案】tobreathe【練習】1.Thenovelisworth_______(read).2.Heisbusy________(design)hispostcardforhisgirlfriend.3.That’sbeneficial_______(take)exerciseeveryday.【答案】1.reading;2.designing;3.totake11、“with+結構此結構表示伴隨，一般位于句子前面用逗號隔開。With后的結構中有動詞，則用非謂語動詞，根據with后名詞與動詞的主、被動關系決定動詞的形式?！緦嵗?】Withmyhomework________(finish),Iwentout.【解析】答案finished。介詞with的賓語homework與動詞finish是被動關系，所以用過去分詞填空?！緦嵗?】Withmyfriend________(lead)theway,Iwentout.【解析】答案leading。介詞with的賓語friend與動詞lead是主動關系，所以用現在分詞填空?！揪毩暋縒iththesmartphone_________(invent),ourdailyliveshavechangedalot.【答案】invented12、一山不容二虎(必須背會)一句話中不能同時出現兩個動詞，除非這兩個動詞分別出現在從句和主句中，或者用and/but連接，否則第二個動詞必須變成ing形式，或ed(過去分詞)形式，亦或todo形式，也就是非謂語動詞形式。【實例1】Hegotup,andthen_____(go)out.【答案】went

【實例2】Whenhegotup,he_______(turn)ontheradio.

【答案】turned【實例3】________(listen)tomusic,hebrushedhisteeth.

【答案】Listening【實例4】________(follow)byhisfather,hewentout.【答案】Followed【練習1】______(hold)somebookinhisarm,Mr.Leecameintotheclassroom.【答案】Holding【練習2】______(see)atthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.【答案】Seen13、被動語態(tài)**被動語態(tài)很神奇，永遠跟to在一起?！緦嵗?】Hewastaught_______(learn)howtoplanttrees.【答案】tolearn【解析】在動詞make,let,feel,see,hear,notice等動詞后常接省去to的不定短語作賓語補足語，在這些動詞的被動語態(tài)結構中，to要還原?！揪毩?】Thenaughtyboywasmade________(stand)foranhour.【答案】tostand【練習2】Shewasoftenheard______(sing)thispopmusic.【答案】tosing14、使役動詞在高考中的考點make，have，let之后如果出現動詞，要用原形，

但是如果是被動語態(tài)，則要加to.

【實例1】

Imakehim________(water)thetree.【答案】water【解析】在動詞make,let,feel,see,hear,notice等動詞后常接省去to的不定短語作賓語補足語。【練習】Heismade_________(water)thetree.【答案】towater15、動詞原形位于句首要用ing形式做主語，且之后的謂語動詞用單數。

注意:從句的句首也是句首，逗號隔開的句首也是句首。

祈使句除外?！緦嵗?】________(play)computergamesispopularamongyoungpeople.【答案】Playing【解析】動名詞通常表示普遍情況或一般情況，動詞不定式表某種特殊情況或臨時情況?！緦嵗?】Itisnouse_________(persuade)hertochangehermind,becausesheistoostubborn.【解析】答案persuading。句子中It是形式主語，persuading短語是真正的主語。【練習1】_______(read)thiskindofnovel____(be)awasteoftime.【答案】Reading,is【練習2】________(travel)aroundthecountrysideisgoodforourhealth.【答案】Travelling/Traveling二、名詞考查1、oneofoneof之后若有名詞，則用名詞復數形式;若既有名詞又有形容詞，則先填最高級，再填復數名詞，最高級之前要加the?！緦嵗?】Thehouseisoneofthecheapest________(house)inthearea.【解析】答案houses。在oneof…中，后面的名詞要用復數形式?！揪毩暋縏heYangziRiverisoneofthelongest________(river)intheworld.【答案】rivers2、名詞的尾綴為“s”修飾詞用many,不能用much。many/anumberof+名詞復數；much/alittle+不可數名詞?！緦嵗?】Therearen’tmany_______(leaf)left.【答案】leaves【實例2】Agreatnumberof________(tourist)cometoWuhantovisitYellowCraneTowereveryyear.【答案】tourists【練習】用many,much填空：Hehas______timeandmoneyforhishobbies.______studentswanttostudyabroadtheseyears.Eatingtoo_______junkfoodisharmtoourhealth.Youshouldrememberas_______Englishwordsaspossiblesothatyoucanquicklyunderstandthepassagewhenyouaredoingyourhomework.【答案】1.much;2.Many;3.much;4.many3、”be動詞+of+抽象名詞”這個詞組相當于“be+形容詞”，具體表述為be動詞加of加抽象名詞，等同于be動詞加相對應的形容詞。be+of+use——beuseful(注意語法填空與短文改錯中相互替換)beofhelp=behelpfulHeisofhelp.=Heishelpful.【實例1】Itisof______(important)forustolearnEnglishwell.【答案】importance【實例2】Idon’twanttohearwhatyouaresaying.Itisno________(interested)tome.【答案】interest【練習】同義句轉換Thevaseisof________forhisresearch.=Thevaseis_________forhisresearch.(value)【答案】value,valuable4、數字+名詞如果是數字大于一，或者有many,afew等修飾，無論中間相隔多少詞，名詞一定是復數，即名詞結尾加s或es.注意：anumberof,alotof后接復數名詞（單復同形的例外）；alittle,abitof,much后接不可數名詞；alotof,some,aquantityof,several后可接可數名詞復數，也可接不可數名詞?！緦嵗?】Few_________(person)knowwhetherthestoryistrueornot【答案】persons【實例2】Eatingsomany______(orange)isbadforteeth.【答案】oranges【練習】Thereislittle_______(drink)inthefridge.Pleasegoandbuysome.【答案】drink5、不定指代詞

“another+單數”表示“另外一個”；“other+復數”表示“其余的”；“anyother+單數”表示“其余任一個”，這三個詞組注意，之后跟的單復數情況?！緦嵗?】Thisistoobig,pleasegivemeanother_______(pair)totry.【答案】pair【實例2】LiLeiistallerthananyother________(student)inourclass.【答案】student【實例3】Maryismuchfatterthantheother______(girl).【答案】girls【練習】1.Ihaveboughttwocars,mywifewantstobuyanother______(one).2.Everyafternoonweallplayinthepark.Somepersonswalk,theother______(person)dance.3.ThepopulationofChinaisevenlargerthananyother________(country)intheworld.【答案】1.one;2.persons;3.country三、形容詞和副詞考查1、逗號在語法填空中，逗號隔開一個詞，如果有提示詞(形容詞)，則填這個詞的副詞形式，即加ly，如果無提示詞，則優(yōu)先考慮however,therefore,其次考慮moreover，otherwise?！緦嵗?】________(luck),heescapedfromthefire.【答案】Luckily【實例2】___________(unfortunate)，hefelloffthebike.【答案】Unfortunately【實例3】Heearnedalotofmoney,_________,hewasaddictedtothedrug.【答案】however【練習】1.__________(gradual),hegetsinterestedinEnglishandstudieshard.2.Hehasworkedhardfor10yearsandearnedalargesumofmoney,_________,hewantstobuyabighouseinShanghai.3.________(actual),heisabigliar.【答案】1.Gradually;2.therefore;3.Actually2、“even，any，much，alittle，far”

之后有空格，提示詞為形容詞，一定要加比較級，即一般為“er”形式?；蚴窃诙涛母腻e中，這些詞后的形容詞沒有用比較級，一定要改為比較級?！緦嵗?】ThepopulationofChinaiseven________(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.【答案】larger【實例2】Maryismuch________(fat)thantheothergirl.【答案】fatter【練習】1.Myelderbrotherisalittle______(tall)thanme.2.Hishometownisfar________(beautiful)thanbefore.【答案】1.taller；2.morebeautiful3、so……that結構這個結構中，表示“如此...以至于“。如果后半句有“that+句子”，前半句要考慮是否是so+形容詞或副詞結構。

注意:一定不能出現too...that或者very...that【實例1】Thisboyisso_____(clever)thathecananswermanystrangequestions.【解析】答案：clever。謂語動詞為系動詞，so+adj.；謂語動詞為實義動詞，so+adv.?！緦嵗?】Theboylistenstotheteacherso_______(careful)thatheunderstandswhathehasheard.【答案】carefully【練習】1.Thechildistooyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.(改錯)__________2.Shefeltso_________(confident)thathejoinedinthecompetition.【答案】1.將too改為so；2.confident4、the之后在語法填空或者短文改錯中，the之后要考慮用序數詞或者(形容詞或者副詞)最高級。如果是在兩者之間的比較，在固定句型中，形容詞比較級之前也用the。如，“the+形容詞比較級+主語+謂語，the+形容詞比較級+主語+謂語”。【實例1】Sheisthe______(good)girlwhoIhaveeverseen.【答案】best【實例2】Heisthe______(two)tallestboyinourclass.【答案】second【實例2】The_______(many)wordsyouremember,the_______(good)yourEnglishis.【答案】more,better【練習】1.YangziRiverisoneofthe_______(long)riversintheworld.2.Maryisthe_____(three)childinBrown’sfamily.3.The_____(many)yousee,the______(many)youknow.【答案】1.longest;2.third;3.more,more5、感官動詞feel，sound,look,go,turn等這類詞之后要跟形容詞，不能跟副詞?！緦嵗?】Thefoodsmells_______(well),itmaynotgo______(bad).【答案】good,bad【實例2】Thelittlegirlturnsmoreandmore___________(beautifully).【答案】beautiful【練習】Weallfeltvery__________(excite)whenthesingerappearedonthestage.【解析】答案：excited。主語表示人，在主系表結構中，用動詞的過去分詞作形容詞充當表語。6、oneofoneof之后若有形容詞，一定要用最高級形式;若既有名詞又有形容詞，則先填最高級，再填復數名詞，最高級之前要加the?！緦嵗?】Thehouseisoneof_________(cheap)housesinthearea.【答案】thecheapest【實例2】Todaythereareseveralgoodthings.Thatwewonthematchisoneof__________(exciting)things.【答案】themostexciting【練習】NormanBethuneisoneofChina’s________(famous)heroes,buthewasn’tChinese—hewasCanadian.【解析】答案：mostfamous。在most之前有了China’s這樣的限定詞了，就不要用the了。The,a與this,that還有my,your之三類限定詞，只能用一個，不能同時用。四、冠詞考查1、定冠詞the

短文改錯中，表示世界上獨一無二的，或在固定結構中，the必須存在“地球，太陽和月亮，鄉(xiāng)下，世界和廚房”務必前面加the?！癳arth,sun,moon,countryside,world,kitchen”

?！緦嵗?】_____earthtravelsround______sun.【答案】The，the【實例2】Mygrandparentslivein______countryside.【答案】the【練習】Generallyspeaking,afridgeisin______kitchen.【答案】the2、單數名詞一般來說，單數名詞在同一段話中出現兩次，首次需用a/an修飾（除了專有名詞），第二次出現必須要加“the”。【實例1】Ibought____penyesterday.______pencostme5yuan.【答案】a,the【實例2】Isaw___strangerandIwentawaybecause_____strangerlookedterrible.【答案】a,the【練習】Onmywaytoschooltherewas_____apple,but_____applewasnearthedog.【答案】an,the3、冠詞“a”在詞組中的存在一定要加a的詞組：

Inahurry匆匆忙忙地

payavisitto去拜訪

makeachoice做出選擇

makeafortune發(fā)財

一定不加“a”的詞組：

makeprogress取得進步

loseheart灰心

infact實際上:4、“可數名詞單數不能裸奔”可數名詞單數前要么前面加a/an/the，或者形容詞性物主代詞，要么后面加s。如，beautifulhouse

，

前要么加my或a,要么house之后加s。mybeautifulhouse/abeautifulhouse或者beautifulhouses

言外之意，在考卷中不允許出現形容詞+單數名詞的情況。五、介詞考查1、“with+結構

此結構表示伴隨，一般位于句子前面用逗號隔開。

【實例1】_________theworkcompleted,theywenthome.【答案】With【實例2】________myfriendcomingupwiththeway,Isolvedtheproblemquickly.【答案】With【實例3】_________theteacher’shelp,IhavedevelopedmyEnglishsoon.【答案】With【練習】1.______thehelpofmyteacher,IhavedevelopedmyEnglishsoon.2.______thedevelopmentofsociety,thelifeofChinesehasbeenimproved.3.______timegoingby,hegraduallyforgotthethings.【答案】1.With;2.With;3.With2、及物動詞與不及物動詞及物動詞，即之后直接跟名詞不及物動詞，即之后加介詞，再跟名詞。

【實例1】Iwillhelpyou_____yourwork.可以省略為:Iwillhelp_____yourwork.

【解析】答案：with;with。但一定不能寫成Iwillhelpwithyou.

?？?listentomusic(而不是listenmusic)【實例2】Iknowtheman_____whomourteacheraretalking.【答案】with【實例3】Pleasehelpmelook______mypetdogduringmytravelling.【答案】after【練習】1.Whichcitydidyourfamilylive____?2.Thereisnopapertowrite____.3.Howdoyoudeal______inthissituation?【答案】1.in;2.on;3.with六、連詞考查1、句中有not，never等否定詞，句中的并列詞用or,絕不能用and。

【實例1】Ineverplaybasketball____playcomputergames.【答案】or【實例2】Theywillneverforgetthosepersons_____thingsthattheyhaveseenbefore.【答案】or【練習】1.Hecouldn’tread____writebecausehedidn’tgotoschool.2.Shecanhardlymove______sayanything.【答案】1.or;2.or2、What與how在高考英語短文改錯中，how與dealwith相搭配，what…thinkof…相搭配；what與dowith相搭配，how…like…相搭配。注意：deal是不及物動詞，不接賓語，所以與how搭配；而do是及物動詞，do后要接賓語，用what作賓語，所以與what搭配?！緦嵗縄wonder_____theydealwiththeproblem.(=Iwonder_____theydowiththeproblem.)我不知道他們如何處理那個問題的。【解析】答案how,what。這兩句中，介詞with的賓語都是theproblem,而deal是不及物動詞，不帶賓語，所以與疑問副詞how連用，do是及物動詞，要帶賓語，所以與疑問代詞連用?！揪毩暋?.Ihavenoidea______todowiththeoldcar.2.Idon’tknow_____todealwiththismatter.【答案】1.what,2.how3、兩個半句并列，用逗號隔開逗號隔開兩個半句，如果任何一個半句中都沒有連詞，則需要在第二個半句前加“and”或“but”或者符合句意的連接詞or,however,therefore等（短文