考研英語（一）2017年真題

2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語（一）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

?Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?②Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!”③

1_helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa

3_ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.?Believeitornot,awarmembracemighteven

helpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

?Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptof

hugs6theparticipants5susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7to

thevirus.?Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8witha

cold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32

percentofthatbeneficialeffect.(3)11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreater

socialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

①“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat's

usually14withstress/9notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.②

Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty.”

?Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotherelease

ofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone"18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,

includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.?Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthe

centrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.@Butsomeofit

19_inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B|Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite

2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving

6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[Bjexposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out

9.[A]imagined[B|denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required

11.[A]Thus|B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthenameof[D]inthewayof

17.[A]attribute[B|commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[A]vanishes(BJemerges[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommending

peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasingly

massivesecuritylines.

?Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnfor

increasedsafety.②ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe

MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.③Butdemandingtoomuchofair

travelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.④

Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans*economicandprivatelives,nottomention

infuriating.

?Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthat

undercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecurity

nearlyeverytimetheytried.?Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwitharisein

airlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsat

majorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.③Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmore

effectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

?Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,

sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.②Partoftheissueisthatairports

haveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.?Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetrying

tooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstrongly

disputethis.

?ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushing

tohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.②PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfor

travelersandtheTSA.?Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpedited

screeninglanes.?ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimefor

everyoneinvolved.⑤TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

?Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengers

mustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.②Sincethebeginning,this

pricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.?Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamore

reasonablelevel.④ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinance

PreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

①TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostof

thetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.②Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmericans5toleranceofcuiTentsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B|ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.[B]faster.

[C]wider.[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepricefbrenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck一aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningfbrMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

①“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii*slast

reigningmonarch,in1897.②Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety.③Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.?Protestshave

eruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromises

torevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

①AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedby

someHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.②ButMaunaKea

isalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.③RestedinthePacificOcean,

MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallow

telescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

?OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.②Asmallbutvocalgroupof

Hawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredland

andapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

?Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.②Intheireagernessto

buildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.

③TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholiness

totheislands,inhabitants.?Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingculture

undergoingarenaissancetoday.

①Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.②

ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesiansto

Hawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.?Callstodisassembleall

telescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyand

Hawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromand

wherewearegoing.?Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimal

callingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

?TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.②

TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoid

archaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.③TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,

oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.④

ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheircultural

heritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[B]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsreligiousimplications.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians9hostility.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]fullapproval.

[C]passiveacceptance.

[D]slighthesitancy.

Text3

①RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhich

makeslifeworthwhile.,,②WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalready

predictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

?ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.

②Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.③Ilmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmisses

thingsthatdo.@Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,

withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.@Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,then

whydidover17millionpeoplevotefbrBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddoto

theircountry'seconomicprospects?

@Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingsheds

somelightonthatquestion.?Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorest

performersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforits

citizens.③RatherthanjustfocusingonGDRover40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,

educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentof

howcountriesareperforming.

?Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistent

themes.②Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butin

keyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.

③Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.④SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseen

hugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

①Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesole

measureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

①So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommon

methodfbrmeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.②It

doesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes一all

thingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

①ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadecline

intheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.②Butpolicymakers

whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigures

couldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[B]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[C]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

[B]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[C]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[D]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

Text4

@Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruption

convictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.②Butitdidsowhileholdingits

noseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchanda

Ferrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

@Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelPstrialfailedtotellajurythatit

mustlookonlyathis“officialacts,“orthefonnergovernor'sdecisionson“specific”and

<4unsettled,,issuesrelatedtohisduties.

?Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintentto

pressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

①Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnfbropeningdoorsis“distasteful”and

“nasty.”②Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapproval

ofacontractorregulation.③Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostingan

eventisnotan“officialact.,,

①Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.②

Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfear

ofprosecutionofbribery.③“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,wrote

ChiefJusticeJohnRobertsfbrthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheir

constituentsandactontheirconcems.^^

?Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthe

courts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.?Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplay

favoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroup

providesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.③Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforced

lawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,and

informationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.

?Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.②Butitisnot

alwayscorruption.③Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessfor

averagepeopleandthewealthy.@Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocratic

society—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.⑤Goodgovernancerests

onanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

①Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficial

favoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[B]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelPsduties.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonneirsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[C]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthem

intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Thefirstpublishedsketch,t€ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhe

discovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,which

appearedunderthepenname"Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodest

reputation.

B.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,secured

Dickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacled

hero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.

C.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryin

monthlyinstallments,asabackdropfbraseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobert

Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideafbrthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickens

successfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirst

installment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwas

notfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,and

expressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedon

withanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appeared

seriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

D.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelist

ofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,Dickenscraftedcomplexplotsand

strikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

E.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.

Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasa

reporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefbrtranscribing

thelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure

magazines.

F.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.Hisfatherwasaclerkinthe

BritishNavypayoffice—arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternal

grandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,

andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamore

respectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaught

stealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickens

outofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,where

theotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman.^^Hisfatherwasthen

imprisonedfbrdebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather^imprisonmentandhislaborinthe

blackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecould

notconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationof

hisfiction.

G.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTvvist,hetracesanorphan's

progressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnext

novel,combinesthedarknessofOliverl\vistwiththesunlightofPickwick.Thepopularityof

thesenovelsconsolidatedDickens5asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanof

letters.

D-41.->42.一43.一44.一B一45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguagefbrinternational

communicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)Butevencsthenumberof

Englishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemay

fadewithintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturalchangescouldstarttodiminish

theleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoy

advantagefromthebreadthofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.Those

realisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddoL(47)Hisanalysis

shouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalposition

ofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationsofthe