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初中英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料【初中英語(yǔ)詞組總結(jié)】1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動(dòng)詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2(比較級(jí)and比較級(jí))表示越來(lái)越怎么樣3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agreewithsb贊成某人5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個(gè)世界7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹(shù)8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth詢問(wèn)某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……歲時(shí)eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開(kāi)始15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺(jué)/對(duì)什么有信心,自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2將來(lái)時(shí)19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:I'mafraedtogooutatnightI'mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允許做什么eg:I'mallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Don'tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣25beas…原級(jí)…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高26beashamedto27beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離28beawayfrom從……離開(kāi)29bebadfor對(duì)什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽(yáng)下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛不好30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful當(dāng)心;小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb對(duì)某人友好36befrom=comefrom來(lái)自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejingDoeshecomefromBejing37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/從句39begoingto+v(原)將來(lái)時(shí)40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長(zhǎng),善于……41begoodfor對(duì)什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高興做某事43behelpfultosb對(duì)某人有好處eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處44beingoodhealth身體健康45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin對(duì)某方面感興趣47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到48belike像……eg:I'mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的氣50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見(jiàn)原材料)51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見(jiàn)原材料)52benotsure表不確定53beonavisitto參觀54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫(xiě)eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:He'sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學(xué)生對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表確定66besureofdoingsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I'msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)68besurethatsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I'msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過(guò)考試69besuretodosth一定會(huì)做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)70beterrifiedof+名/動(dòng)doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一樣73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習(xí)慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習(xí)慣上課睡覺(jué)74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句76because+句子becauseof+短語(yǔ)eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo開(kāi)始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開(kāi)始什么eg:Let'sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…兩者之間79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打擾bothersbtodostheg:I'msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車(chē)站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個(gè)問(wèn)題困擾了我?guī)讉€(gè)周了He'sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到……為止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care關(guān)心eg:Don'tyoucareaboutthiscountry'sfuture你為什么不關(guān)心國(guó)家的未來(lái)85catchupwithsb趕上某人86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地87comein進(jìn)88comeoverto過(guò)來(lái)89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎?90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂(lè)跳舞93decidetodosth決定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做錯(cuò)97Don'tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don'tmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……99each+名(單)每一個(gè)…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書(shū)100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜歡102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來(lái)103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下來(lái)falloff從哪摔下來(lái)105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛(ài)上什么106farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名詞)110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人111forgettodo沒(méi)有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don'tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…從某處得到某物121giveatalk做報(bào)告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物123gofish釣魚(yú)goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上學(xué)(用于專(zhuān)業(yè)的)gototheschool去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué))127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo討厭沒(méi)做過(guò)的事hatedoing討厭做過(guò)的事129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰(shuí)的晚會(huì)130haveatalk聽(tīng)報(bào)告談一談131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方)……去過(guò)某過(guò)地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒(méi)回來(lái)133havefun+doing玩得高興134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒(méi)什么事情做135havetodosth必須做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩137have…time+doing138have…(時(shí)間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請(qǐng)一個(gè)月得假139hearsb+do/doing聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用處141helpsbwithsth\one'ssth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對(duì)什么的看法145if:是否=wethereg:Idon'tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)Hedon'tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語(yǔ)態(tài)從句eg:I'llgotoLuZhouifitdoes'train假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的I'llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢(qián),我就要去英國(guó)147inone'sopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)151inthesun在太陽(yáng)下152increase增加eg:They'veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價(jià)增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+(名)代替eg:I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋(píng)果,而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜歡英語(yǔ)而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹155invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It's+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣158It's+adj+todo做某事怎么樣159It's+adjforsb對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣It's+adjofsb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)太怎么樣160It's+adj(forsb)todo(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事怎么樣It's+adjofsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事太怎么樣eg:It'sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It'sagoodideaforsbtodosth對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好主意162It'simportanttosb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要eg:It'simportanttome163It'stimetodosthIt'stimeforsth到了該去做某事的時(shí)間eg:It'stimetohaveclassIt'stimeforclass該去上課了164join=takepartin參加165justnow剛才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語(yǔ)讓什么保持什么樣?167keepout不讓……進(jìn)入168keepsbadj讓……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名詞表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答題或鑰匙171laughat…取笑……eg:Don'tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自學(xué)173learnfromsb向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth學(xué)做某事175letsbdosth讓某人做某事176Letsbdown讓某人失望eg:Weshouldn'tletourfarentsdown我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望177livefrom:離某地遠(yuǎn)178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看180loseone'sway誰(shuí)迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事182makefriendswithsb和誰(shuí)成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn)184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫(xiě)189makeupbemadeupof(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))由……組成190make…differenceto…191mindsbtodomindone'sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容詞194mustbe一定195need+名詞196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)needdo(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名詞200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn'tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副)atalleg:He'snottallatallshedoesn'tjunpfaratall202not…atall一點(diǎn)都不203not…either表否定,也不eg:Idon'tjapanseeitherIdon'thavesister,either我也沒(méi)有姐姐204not…until直到……才……eg:Ididn'tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn'tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么東西給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水207onone'swayto…在誰(shuí)去那的路上208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用電話交談210ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)intime與時(shí)211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式213onetoanother一個(gè)到另一個(gè)214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作216payfor…付……錢(qián)paythebill開(kāi)錢(qián),付錢(qián)217please+do218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing練習(xí)做某事222prefersthtosth相對(duì)……更喜歡……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學(xué)中,我更喜歡物理preferdoingtosth更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜歡騎自行車(chē),不開(kāi)小車(chē)prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買(mǎi)新的車(chē),也不去修舊車(chē)prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來(lái)223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案224rather…than寧可……也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓225regard…as把……當(dāng)作……eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily請(qǐng)帶我向你的家人我最好的問(wèn)候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不愛(ài)關(guān)心別人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做飯227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人229saytooneself對(duì)自己說(shuō)230saytosb對(duì)某人說(shuō)231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢(qián)在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時(shí)間陪誰(shuí)233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時(shí)間做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事seesbdoing看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送給某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?239shock使……震驚eg:Oh,It'sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……244start…with…從……開(kāi)始begin…with…從……開(kāi)始245stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離……eg:We'retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo當(dāng)我們參觀zoo時(shí),我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou'dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想減肥,你最好遠(yuǎn)離甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名這樣,這種251suitsb適合某人252surprisesb使某人驚奇toone'ssurprise令某人驚奇253takeclasses上課254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步256①talkto對(duì)誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italkwithhim③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于……257talkwithsb和某人說(shuō)話258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告訴某人某事262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么263tell…from…264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名詞(doing)+as……266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto…(地點(diǎn))到哪的269too…to…太怎樣而不能……adj+enoughto足夠…能…so…that+叢句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte……into……把什么翻譯成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone'sbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么,但沒(méi)成功trydoingsth想干什么,已經(jīng)做過(guò)了eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但沒(méi)成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已經(jīng)做過(guò)了274try…試衣服haveatry試一下275turndown開(kāi)小←→turnup開(kāi)大276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開(kāi)open拆開(kāi)277upsidedown倒著278visitto…參觀某個(gè)地方279waitforsb等某人【初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】【1

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1)

經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

every…,

sometimes,

at…,

on

Sunday。例如:

I

leave

home

for

school

at

7

every

morning.

每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。

2)

客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如:

The

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

Shanghai

lies

in

the

east

of

China.

上海位于中國(guó)東部。

3)

表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride

goes

before

a

fall.

驕者必?cái) ?/p>

注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例:Columbus

proved

that

the

earth

is

round.

哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。

4)

現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如:

I

don't

want

so

much.

我不要?jiǎng)t多。

Ann

writes

good

English

but

does

not

speak

well.

安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。

比較:Now

I

put

the

sugar

in

the

cup.

把糖放入杯子。

I

am

doing

my

homework

now.

我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

【2

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday,

last

week,

an

hour

ago,

the

other

day,

in

1982等。例如:

Where

did

you

go

just

now

剛才你上哪兒去了?

2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如:

When

I

was

a

child,

I

often

played

football

in

the

street.

我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever

the

Browns

went

during

their

visit,

they

were

given

a

warm

welcome.

那時(shí),布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。

3)句型:It

is

time

for

sb.

to

do

sth

"到……時(shí)間了"

"該……了"。例如:It

is

time

for

you

to

go

to

bed.

你該睡覺(jué)了。

It

is

time

that

sb.

did

sth.

"時(shí)間已遲了"

"早該……了"

,例如It

is

time

you

went

to

bed.

你早該睡覺(jué)了。

would

(had)

rather

sb.

did

sth.

表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd

rather

you

came

tomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。

4)

wish,

wonder,

think,

hope

等用過(guò)去時(shí),作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I

thought

you

might

have

some.

我以為你想要一些。

比較:Christine

was

an

invalid

all

her

life.(含義:她已不在人間。)

Christine

has

been

an

invalid

all

her

life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs.

Darby

lived

in

Kentucky

for

seven

years.

(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs.

Darby

has

lived

in

Kentucky

for

seven

years.

(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

注意:

用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。

1)動(dòng)詞want,

hope,

wonder,

think,

intend

等。例如:

Did

you

want

anything

else

您還要些什么嗎?

I

wondered

if

you

could

help

me.

能不能幫我一下。

2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

could,

would。例如:

Could

you

lend

me

your

bike

你的自行車(chē),能借用一些嗎?【3

used

to

/

be

used

to

used

to

+

do:"過(guò)去常常"表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother

used

not

to

be

so

forgetful.

老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)則健忘。

Scarf

used

to

take

a

walk.

斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。

be

used

to

+

doing:

對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:

He

is

used

to

a

vegetarian

diet.

Scarf

is

used

to

taking

a

walk.

斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。

典型例題

Your

phone

number

again

I

___

quite

catch

it.

It's

69568442.

A.

didn't

B.

couldn't

C.

don't

D.

can't

答案A.

本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但從語(yǔ)意上看出,在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)?!?

一般將來(lái)時(shí)】

1)

shall用于第一人稱,常被will

所代替。will

在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。例如:

Which

paragraph

shall

I

read

first?

我先讀哪一段呢?

Will

you

be

at

home

at

seven

this

evening

今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?

2)

be

going

to

+不定式,表示將來(lái)。

a.

主語(yǔ)的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What

are

you

going

to

do

tomorrow

明天打算作什么呢?

b.

計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The

play

is

going

to

be

produced

next

month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。

c.

有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look

at

the

dark

clouds,

there

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

看那烏云,快要下雨了。

3)

be

+不定式表將來(lái),按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:

We

are

to

discuss

the

report

next

Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。

4)

be

about

to

+不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

He

is

about

to

leave

for

Beijing.

他馬上要去北京。

注意:be

about

to

do

不能與tomorrow,

next

week

等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?!?

be

going

to

/

will

用于條件句時(shí),be

going

to表將來(lái),will表意愿?!坷纾?/p>

If

you

are

going

to

make

a

journey,

you'd

better

get

ready

for

it

as

soon

as

possible.

Now

if

you

will

take

off

your

clothes,

we

will

fit

the

new

clothes

on

you

in

front

of

the

mirror.

【6

be

to和be

going

to】

be

to

表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be

going

to

表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如:

I

am

to

play

football

tomorrow

afternoon.

明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'm

going

to

play

football

tomorrow

afternoon.

明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)【7

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

1)下列動(dòng)詞come,

go,

arrive,

leave,

start,

begin,

return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái),主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning.

火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。

When

does

the

bus

star

It

stars

in

ten

minutes.

汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)?十分鐘后。

2)以here,

there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:

Here

comes

the

bus.

=

The

bus

is

coming.

車(chē)來(lái)了。

There

goes

the

bell.

=

The

bell

is

ringing.

鈴響了。

3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如:

When

Bill

comes

(不是will

come),

ask

him

to

wait

for

me.

比爾來(lái)后,讓他等我。

I'll

write

to

you

as

soon

as

I

arrive

there.

我到了那里,就寫(xiě)信給你。

4)在動(dòng)詞hope,

take

care

that,

make

sure

that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:

I

hope

they

have

a

nice

time

next

week.

我希望他們下星期玩得開(kāi)心。

Make

sure

that

the

windows

are

closed

before

you

leave

the

room.

離開(kāi)房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了?!?

用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)

下列動(dòng)詞come,

go,

arrive,

leave,

start,

begin,

return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。例如:

I'm

leaving

tomorrow.

明天我要走了。

Are

you

staying

here

till

next

week

你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎?【9

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have

(has)

+過(guò)去分詞?!?0

比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】

1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,

last

week,…ago,

in1980,

in

October,

just

now等,皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for,

since,

so

far,

ever,

never,

just,

yet,

till/until,

up

to

now,

in

past

years,

always等,皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this

morning,

tonight,

this

April,

now,

already,

recently,

lately

等。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,

teach,

learn,

work,

study,

know.。

4)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,

go,

leave,

start,

die,

finish,

become,

get

married等例如:

I

saw

this

film

yesterday.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了)

I

have

seen

this

film.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)

Why

did

you

get

up

so

early

(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了)

Who

hasn't

handed

in

his

paper

(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng))

He

has

been

in

the

League

for

three

years.

(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He

has

been

a

League

member

for

three

years.

(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

5)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday,

last,

week,

in

1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))Tom

has

written

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.

(對(duì))Tom

wrote

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.【11.

比較since和for

Since

用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如:

I

have

lived

here

for

more

than

twenty

years.我住在這兒二十多年了。

I

have

lived

here

since

I

was

born.

我從出生起就住在這兒了。

注意:并非有for

作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

I

worked

here

for

more

than

twenty

years.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

I

have

worked

here

for

many

years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。

1)(對(duì))

Tom

has

studied

Russian

for

three

years.

=

Tom

began

to

study

Russian

three

years

ago,

and

is

still

studying

it

now.

2)(錯(cuò))

Harry

has

got

married

for

six

years.

=

Harry

began

to

get

married

six

years

ago,

and

is

still

getting

married

now.

顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為

Harry

got

married

six

years

ago.

Harry

has

been

married

for

six

years.

【12.

since的四種用法】

1)

since

+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,

last

month,

half

past

six)。例如:

I

have

been

here

since

1989.

1989起,我一直在這兒。

2)

since

+一段時(shí)間+

ago。例如:

I

have

been

here

since

five

months

ago.

我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。

3)

since

+從句。例如:

Great

changes

have

taken

place

since

you

left.

你走后,變化可大了。

Great

changes

have

taken

place

since

we

were

here.

我們走后,變化可大了。

4)

It

is

+一段時(shí)間+

since從句。例如:

It

is

two

years

since

I

became

a

postgraduate

student.

我考上研究生有兩年了?!?3.

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞】

1)

用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;

瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:

He

has

completed

the

work.

他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。

(表結(jié)果)

I've

known

him

since

then.

我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)

2)

用于till

/

until從句的差異

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"

瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He

didn't

come

back

until

ten

o'clock.

他到10

點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。

He

slept

until

ten

o'clock.

他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。

典型例題

1.

You

don't

need

to

describe

her.

I

___

her

several

times.

A.

had

met

B.

have

met

C.

met

D.

meet

答案B.

首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several

times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

2.

I'm

sorry

to

keep

you

waiting.

Oh,

not

at

all.

I

___

here

only

a

few

minutes.

A.

have

been

B.

had

been

C.

was

D.

will

be

答案A.

等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?!?4.

用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)】

1)

兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but

等連詞時(shí),多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:

When

she

saw

the

mouse,she

screamed.

她看到老鼠,就叫了起來(lái)。

My

aunt

gave

me

a

hat

and

I

lost

it.

姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。

2

兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:

When

I

heard

the

news,

I

was

very

excited.

3)

敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:

Our

teacher

told

us

that

Columbus

discovered

America

in

1492.【15.

不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞】

1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如have,

belong,

possess,

cost,

owe,

exist,

include,

contain,

matter,

weigh,

measure,

continue等。例如:I

have

two

brothers.

我有兩兄弟。

This

house

belongs

to

my

sister.

這房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如know,

realize,

think

see,

believe,

suppose,

imagine,

agree,

recognize,

remember,

want,

need,

forget,

prefer,

mean,

understand,

love,

hate等。例如:I

need

your

help.

我需要你的幫助。

He

loves

her

very

much.

他愛(ài)她很深。

3)瞬間動(dòng)詞,如accept,

receive,

complete,

finish,

give,

allow,

decide,

refuse等。例如:

I

accept

your

advice.

我接受你的勸告。

4)系動(dòng)詞,如seem,

remain,

lie,

see,

hear,

smell,

feel,

taste,

get,

become,

turn等。例如:

You

seem

a

little

tired.

你看上去有點(diǎn)累。【16.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)】

1)概念:表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。

2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

3)

常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this

morning,

the

whole

morning,

all

day

yesterday,

from

nine

to

ten

last

evening,

when,

while等。例如:

My

brother

fell

while

he

was

riding

his

bicycle

and

hurt

himself.

我兄弟騎車(chē)時(shí)摔了下來(lái),受了傷。

It

was

raining

when

they

left

the

station.

他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí),正下著雨。

When

I

got

to

the

top

of

the

mountain,

the

sun

was

shining.

我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽(yáng)光燦爛。

典型例題

1)

Mary

___

a

dress

when

she

cut

her

finger.

A.

made

B.

is

making

C.

was

making

D.

makes

答案C.

割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí),when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性,"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2)

As

she

___

the

newspaper,

Granny

___

asleep.

A.

read;was

falling

B.

was

reading;

fell

C.

was

reading;

was

falling

D.

read;fell

答案B.句中的as

=

when,

while,意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為

"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí),奶奶睡著了。"句中的

fell(fall的過(guò)去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞,如:fall

sick?!局攸c(diǎn)部分提要】一.詞匯⑴單詞1.介詞:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中","在……內(nèi)"。例如:inourclass在我們班上inmybag在我的書(shū)包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在……上"。例如:onthewall在墻上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在……下"。例如:underthetree在樹(shù)下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:behindthedoor在門(mén)后behindthetree在樹(shù)后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:neartheteacher'sdesk在講桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……處"。例如:atschool在學(xué)校athome在家atthedoor在門(mén)口7).of表示"……的"。例如:apictureofourclassroom我們教室的一幅畫(huà)amapofChina一張中國(guó)地圖2.冠詞a/an/the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前,用來(lái)署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前,如abook;an用在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的字母前,如anapple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,泛指某類(lèi)人或某物中的一個(gè)。Thisisacat.這是一只貓。It'sanEnglishbook.這是一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。Hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是個(gè)工人。the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。Who'stheboyinthehat戴帽子的男孩是誰(shuí)呀?WhatcanyouseeintheclassroomIcanseeabag.Where'sthebag

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