2023年考研外語考前密押卷1

考研外語考前密押卷1

一、UseofEnglish

1、Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecream,theyenjoy(1)_____ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.(2)_____,saysWilliamTyznik,anexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversity,icecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit,"hesays,"whichdogscannot(3)_____verywell."

(4)_____bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto(5)_____theircompanions,Tyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthat,hesays,ismorenutritiousthanicecream—andasmuch(6)_____toeat.Theproduct,calledFrostyPaws,ismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar(7)_____.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflour,water,vegetableoil,vitaminsandminerals.It(8)_____Tyznik,whohasalsoinventedahorsefood(calledTizwhiz)and(9)_____dogfood(namedTizbits),threeyearsto(10)_____theFrostyPawsformulas,andtwo(11)_____tocommercializeit.Afterlosing$25,000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimself,TyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWesterville,Ohio,whichmakestheproductand(12)_____itincups.

TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested(13)_____andthat"dogsloveit".Of1,400dogsthathavebeen(14)_____theproduct,hesays,89percenttookitonthefirst(15)_____.Threeoutoffour(16)_____ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproduct,whichwillbe(17)_____intheicecreamsectionofsupermarkets,comesin(18)_____ofthreeorfourcups,costingabout$1.79.

Whatwouldhappen(19)_____ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecream?Nothing,saysTyznik.It's(20)_____,butfrankly,hesays,itwon'ttasteverygood.

A.giving

B.feeding

C.sharing

D.buying

2、(2)

A.Surprisingly

B.Unfortunately

C.Therefore

D.Initially

3、(3)

A.swallow

B.consume

C.digest

D.exude

4、(4)

A.Bothered

B.Impelled

C.Annoyed

D.Stimulated

5、(5)

A.please

B.raise

C.train

D.comfort

6、(6)

A.contentment

B.satisfaction

C.fun

D.luxury

7、(7)

A.included

B.including

C.removed

D.removing

8、(8)

A.cost

B.spent

C.needed

D.took

9、(9)

A.one

B.other

C.a

D.another

10、(10)

A.perfect

B.superb

C.excellent

D.top

11、(11)

A.temptations

B.attempts

C.temperance

D.temps

12、(12)

A.assembles

B.attaches

C.packages

D.labels

13、(13)

A.extensively

B.faithfully

C.delicately

D.intensively

14、(14)

A.received

B.accepted

C.treated

D.offered

15、(15)

A.trial

B.try

C.test

D.practice

16、(16)

A.preferred

B.compared

C.attributed

D.related

17、(17)

A.bargained

B.negotiable

C.available

D.displayed

18、(18)

A.bundles

B.parcels

C.packets

D.packs

19、(19)

A.provided

B.when

C.though

D.if

20、(20)

A.harmful

B.harmless

C.effective

D.ineffective

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

EightmonthsafterSep.11,itisbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatvariousarmsoftheUSgovernmenthadpiecesofinformationthat,ifputtogether,mighthaveprovidedsketchyadvancewarningoftheterroriststrikestocome.

TheWhiteHousenowacknowledges,thattheCIAtoldPresidentBushinAugustthatsuspectedmembersofA1Qaedahaddiscussedthehijackingofairplanes.Atthesametime,FBIagentswereincreasinglysuspiciousofsomeMiddleEasternmentrainingatUSflightschools.YettheUSgovernmentdidn'tpayattentiontothisinformation.

"Therearealwaystheselittleindicatorsthatcomein—ofonesortoranother—thatdon'tgetenoughdecibelstoreceiveattention,"sayformerCIADirectorStansfieldTurner.

"Thepossibilityofatraditionalhijacking—inthepre-9.11sense—haslongbeenaconcernofthegovernment,"WhiteHousespokesmanAriFleischersaid.But"thiswasanewtypeofattackthatwasnotforeseen."Indeed,hesaidthewarningsdidnotsuggestcommercialairlinerswouldbeusedasmissilesandthatthegeneralassumptionwasthatanyattackwouldoccurabroad,notintheUS.

Still,theWhiteHousesaysitdidquietlyalertseveralgovernmentagenciestothethreat.

Meanwhile,FBIagentsweregettinghintsoftheterribleplot.AclassifiedmemodraftedbythebureaureportedlywarnedinbluntlanguagethatOsamabinLadenmightbelinkedtoMiddleEasternmentakinglessonsatUSflightschools.

Mr.Turnerseesthisasapainfulandavoidablemistake.Thebasicreasonforthelackofcoordinationandcommunicationis"averylargeintelligencebureaucracythatisverycompartmentalized,"saysCharlesPenia,aseniordefenseanalystattheCatoInstitute.

Today,thedisclosuresraiseacrucialquestion:HaverecentreformsboostedWashington'sabilitytopulltogetherinformationfromitsmanyagencies—andthusdisruptfutureattacks?Indeed,sinceSep.11,thegovernmenthasstruggledtoimprovecoordination.

Onechange:FBIdataisnowmergedwithCIAintelligenceinthepresident'sdailybriefing.

Another:AnewcommandcenternearWashingtonwassetupbyWhiteHouseHomelandSecurity.It'soneplacetheCIA,theFBI,theDefenseIntelligenceAgency,andothersareabletocoordinateandshareinformation.It'snotclearyetwhethertheyactuallywill.

WhichconclusioncanNOTbedrawnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.TheU.S.governmentshouldbepartlyresponsiblefor9.11.

B.9.11eventcouldhavebeenavoided.

C.TheU.S.governmentshouldhavepaidmoreattentiontothewarnings.

D.TheCIAisinevitablyresponsibleforitsincorrectinformation.

2、

Accordingtothetext,theWhiteHouse

A.hasacknowledgeditsfault.

B.didn'treceivethewarningofthehijacking.

C.warneditsdepartmentsofthenewattack.

D.wasunabletoassessthesituationcorrectly.

3、

ThebasicreasonforthemistakeWashingtonhascommittedisthat

A.itignoredtheinformationfromFBI.

B.itdidnotpulltogetherinformation.

C.itdidnotcommunicatewithothercountries.

D.itmadeslowresponsesto9.11.

4、

Thegovernmenthasmadegreateffortto

A.combineFBIandCIA.

B.setupnewinformationagencies.

C.coordinateinformation.

D.reform.itspoliticalsystem.

5、

Thetextismostprobablyselectedfrom

A.amagazine.

B.abookreview.

C.afiction.

D.atextbook.

6、DietarystudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhoconsumelargeamountsofvitaminAinfoods,multivitamins,orbotharemorelikelytosufferhipfracturesthanarepeoplewhoingestmodestamounts.

Newevidencebolstersthesefindings.Researchershavenowcorrelatedmen'sbloodconcentrationsofvitaminAwithalaterincidenceofbrokenbones:acomparisonthatavoidsthevagariesthatplaguediet-recallstudies.

Takentogether,thenewworkandthedietstudiesraiseknottyquestionsaboutthemaximumamountofvitaminAthatapersoncansafelyingesteachday,saysstudycoauthorKarlMichasson,anorthopedicsurgeonatUniversityHospitalinUppsala,Sweden.HeandhiscolleaguesreportthenewfindingsinJan.23NewEnglandJournalofMedicine.

IntheUnitedStates,theaveragedailyintakeofvitaminAthroughfood,speciallyfish,eggs,andmeat,isroughly2,600IU(internationalunits)formen,andmanymulti-vitaminscontain5,000IU.TheUSInstituteofMedicinerecommendsthatpeopleget2,300to3,000IUofvitaminAeachdayandsetsthesafeupperlimitaround10,000IU.

"Ibelievetiffsupperlevelshouldbelowered,"Michassonsays.Whenheandhiscolleaguesgavethemendietaryquestionnaires,theylearnedthatmeningestingaslittleas5,000IUofvitaminAperdayweremorepronetofracturesthanweremengettingless.ManufacturersshouldlowertheamountofvitaminAinmulti-vitamintabletsandfortifiedfoods,suchascereals,saysMichasson.

Thenewstudybeganintheearly1970swhenresearchersstoredbloodsamplesfrom2,047menabout50yearsold.Sincethen,266ofthemenhavehadatleastonebonefracture.AfterdividingthemenintofiveequalgroupsaccordingtotheirbloodvitaminAconcentrations,theresearchersfoundthatmeninthetopgroupwerenearlytwiceaslikelyasthoseinthemiddlegrouptohavebrokenabone.Thecorrelationwasparticularlystrongwithfracturesofthehip.

"Ithinkit'sprettyconclusivenowthatthere'sabadeffectofvitaminAsupplementation,"saysMargoA.Denke,anendocrinologistattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenterinDallas.Elderlypeoplemaybeatspecialriskbecausethey'reslowtoclearthevitaminfromtheirbodies.StudiesofanimalshaveestablishedthatexcessvitaminAstimulatestheformationofcellsthatdissolvebone.

However,sincesomevitaminAisnecessarytomaintaingoodeyesightandgeneralhealth,DenkeandMichassonagreethatfullyfortifiedfoodsandsupplementsshouldremainavailableincountrieswherepoornutritionputspeopleatriskofavitaminAdeficiency.

Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

A.amantakinglargeamountsofvitaminAwillsufferhipfractures.

B.themaximumofvitaminAamantakeseverydayshouldbewithin3,000IU.

C.themoreamanconsumesvitaminAeveryday,thehigherchancehesuffershipfracture.

D.thelessamanconsumesvitaminAeveryday,thehigherchancehestandsofgoodhealth.

7、

Theword"bolsters"(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

A.hinders.

B.negates.

C.supports.

D.switches.

8、

MichassonmayNOTsupporttheideato

A.lowertherecommendedsafeupperlimitofvitaminAamount.

B.producevitaminAsupplementpillswithlessvitaminAinthem.

C.preventpeoplefromeatingcerealsintheireverydaymeals.

D.lowertheamountofvitaminAinfortifiedfoodandsupplements.

9、

HighconcentrationofvitaminAmayleadtofracturebecause

A.elderlypeopleareslowindigestingvitaminA.

B.theabsorptionofexcessivevitaminAmakespeoplenear-sighted.

C.ithelpsproducecellsthatweakenthebonesofhumanbeings,

D.vitaminAstaysinhumanbodyforalongtimid.

10、

Thepassageismainlyabout

A.theharmfuleffectofvitaminA.

B.vitaminAandfractures.

C.vitaminAandhumanhealth.

D.vitaminAdeficiency.

11、Overthelasttwentyyears,scholarlyandpopularwritershaveanalyzedandcelebratedtheworldsofleisureandentertainmentintheburgeoningcitiesofmid-nineteenth-centuryAmerica,greatlyexpandingtheliteratureonthesesubjects.Theyhavefoundanenthusiasticreadershipbyofferingglimpsesofmodesofleisure,performance,andcharlatanismthatpassedfromthesceneintheearly20thcentury,indicatinghowlivelytheywereandhowcomparativelyimpoverishedourownentertainmentchoiceshavebecomeinaneradominatedbycorporateelectronicmedia.

Manyscholarshavebeenluredintoafascinationwiththeextinctdemimondeofdimemuseums,exhibitionhails,saloons,andindustrialexhibitions.Duringthisperiodentertainmentrelieduponartfuldeception,comparableinimportancetosuchcontemporaryformsofamusementasminstrelsyandmelodrama.Theculturalactivitieswereformsofrepresentationalplayinwhichspectatorsarecausedtodoubttheirperceptionsandjudgment.Entertainmentsthattricked,ordupedthepayingpublicflourishedinAmerica'scitiesinthe19thcentury.Whatdistinguishedthesecohortsofentertainers,wasnottheirabilitytoperpetratefraudbutthattheyunderstoodthedynamicsofanewurbanaudiencethatenjoyeddistinguishingthegenuinefromthefakeandtheauthenticfromtheconcocted.Thewillingaudienceforartfuldeceptionsmaintainedadoubleconsciousnessinwhichitsimultaneouslymarveledatthequalitiesoftheobjectoractiondisplayedwhileenjoyingtheactofappraisingthequality,audacity,andperformanceofthedeception.

ByofferingsemioticanalysesofarangeofVictorianperformances,welearntherewasmoretotheseexhibitionsthanappearedatfirstviewing.ThetricksandluresoftheseentertainersdeserveamorethanmarginalpositioninAmericanculturalhistory.

Theauthorthinkscurrententertainmentisrelativelypoorbecause

A.itdoesn'thaveenoughcharlatanism.

B.itiscontrolledbycorporateelectronicmedia.

C.thereisalackofvigorincurrententertainment.

D.people'stasteshavechangedfortheworse.

12、

Itcanbelearnedthatthetypesofentertainmentofmid-nineteenthcentury

A.havebecomeincreasinglypopularamongscholarssincethe80's.

B.weresosophisticatedthataudiencescouldn'tunderstand.

C.actuallyinvolvedverylittleactualfraudanddoubleconsciousness.

D.discouragedpeoplefromsuspectingtheirperceptions.

13、

Wecaninferthatentertainmentin1845wasbasedon

A.melodrama.

B.doubleconsciousness.

C.electronicmedia,

D.artfuldeception.

14、

Thetextsuggeststhat

A.theentertainmentchangedassocietybecamemoreskeptical.

B.theskillstheentertainmentemployedwerepartofitsultimatedemise.

C.theentertainmentmadeuseofitsunderstandingofhumannature.

D.theentertainmentservedaminorroleinthelivesofpeople.

15、

Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisthat

A.weshouldregardsuchentertainmentasanimportantpartofourculturalheritage.

B.weshouldimprovetheentertainmentinform.andqualitytoday.

C.weshouldneverunderestimatetheskillsusedbypeopleinthe19thcentury.

D.weneedtomakemorepeopleawareofthisuniqueform.ofentertainment.

16、ThegrowthofcellphoneusersintheU.S.hastaperedofffromthebreakneckpaceof50%annuallyinthelate1990stowhatanalystsprojectwillbea15%to20%risein2022,andnomorethanthatin2022.Tosomeextent,numeroussurveyshavefound,slowergrowthindemandreflectsconsumerdisillusionmentwithjustabouteveryaspectofcell-phoneservice—itsreliability,quality,andnotoriouscustomerservice.

Thecoolingoffindemandthreatenstocascadethroughtheindustry:ThebigsixU.S.cell-phonecarriers—VerizonWireless,CingularWireless,AT＆TWireless,SprintPCS,VoiceStream,andNextelCommunications—areengagedinafiercepricewarthatimperilstheirtimetablesforbecomingprofitable,nottomentiontheireffortstowhittledowntheirmountainsofdebt.Asthecarriershavebeguntocutcostswirelessequipmentmakers—companiessuchasLucent,Nokia,andEricssonhavebeenleftwithamarketthat'sboundtobesmallerthantheyhadanticipated.Handsetmakershavebeeninsulatedsofar,butthey,toofaceanagginguncertainty.They'llsoonintroduceadvancedphonestotheU.S.marketthatwillrunonthenewnetworksthecarriersarestartingupoverthenextyearortwo.Butthequestionthenwillbe:WillAmericansembracethesesnazzydatafeaturesandtheirhighercosts—withthewildenthusiasmthatEuropeansandAsianshave?

Longbeforetheoutcomeinclear,theindustrywillhavetoadoptanewmind-set."Intheolddays,itwasallaboutconnectivity."saysAndrewCole,ananalystwithwirelessconsultancyAdventist.Buildthenetwork,andcustomerswillcome.Fromnowon,thestakeswillbehigher.Thenewmantra:Pleasecustomers,oryoumaynotsurvive.

Toworktheirwayoutofthisbox,thecarriersarespendinghugesumstoaddresstheproblem.MuchofSprintPCS's$3.4billionincapitaloutlaysthisyearwillbefornewstations.Andinfact,thenewhigh-speed,high-capacitynationwidenetworksduetorolloutlaterthisyearshouldhelpeasethecallingcapacitycrunchthathascausedmanyconsumercomplaints.Inthemeantime,somecompaniesareusingbettertrainingandorganizationtokeepcustomershappy.Thenation'slargestruraloperator,Alltel(AT),recentlyreorganizeditscallcenterssothatacustomer'squerygoestothefirstoperatorwho'savailableanywhereinthecountry,insteadofthefirstoneavailableinthecustomer'shomearea.Thatshouldcutwaitingtimetooneminutefromthreetofiveminutespreviously.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThebadserviceintheU.S.cell-phoneindustry.

B.ThecrisisintheU.S.cellphoneindustry.

C.Theconflictsamongcell-phonecompaniesintheU.S.

D.ThepriceoftheU.S.cell-phoneindustry.

17、

Thegrowthofcell-phoneusersdeclinesbecause

A．cell-phonesareunreliable.

B．cell-phonesusuallyhavepoorquality.

C．thecustomerserviceisbad.

D．customersarenotsatisfiedwithcell-phoneservice.

18、

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A．thepricewarwillreversethepresentsituation.

B．thewirelessequipmentmakerswilltrytoimprovetheoriginalnetworks.

C．thehandsetmakerswillproducenewphoneswithhightechnology.

D．theEuropeansareenthusiasticaboutthenewadvancedcell-phones.

19、

Accordingtotheauthor,thecell-phoneindustrymustadoptamind-setinorderto

A．havebettertrainingandorganization.

B．becomeanindispensablepartinpeople'slife.

C．buildmoreadvancedandefficientnetworks.

D．helpcustomerstochooseproperservice.

20、

Inordertoworktheirwayoutofthebox,SprintPCSandAlltelaretakingmeasuresto

A.designnewadvancedcell-phonesinattractiveform.

B.reducecostsandimprovetheefficiencyofnetworks.

C.offerthecustomersbetterservicesandsatisfytheirneeds.

D.arrangethecallcenterstoreducethecustomer'swaitingtime.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistoreachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.

A.Periodicalsininitialstage

B.Thefunctionofperiodicals

C.Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline

D.Theintroductionofreviews

E.Featuresofperiodicals

F.Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals

Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenews,featurearticles,poems,fictionalstories,orothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudience,suchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublications,arealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudience,suchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizations,canbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicals,thetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.

(41)______.

Historically,mostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformat,publicationschedule,andcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylarge,unboundpages.Bycontrast,othertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterial,andwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheform.ofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspapers,withsmallerboundpages,andissuedatintervalslongerthanaday(weekly,everytwoweeks,monthly,quarterly,orevenannually).

(42)______.

Inthe1990s,withthegrowthoftheInternet,publishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilar,andthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexample,manynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughouttheday,andsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchanges,thetwoforms'differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.

(43)______.

TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-Unterredungen(EdifyingMonthlyDiscussions,1663-1668),theFrenchJournaldesSayahs(1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavants),andtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions(1665)oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummaries(lateressays)ondevelopmentsinart,literature,philosophy,andscience.

(44)______.

Thefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltype,devotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainment,wastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman'sMagazine(1731-1907)—thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebates,essays,stories,andpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicals,GeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,inJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonths,however.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.

(45)______.

Monthlyorquarterlyreviews,usuallypartisaninpolities,andwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticians,wereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthese,twobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview(1802-1929),foundedinsupp

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It'sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapids,Iowa,whichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperand,increasingly,theWeb."Ifanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaper,Idon