2023年考研外語提分沖刺試卷3

考研外語提分沖刺試卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestrugglefor【1】intheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthestrongclawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot【2】withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws【3】animpressive"smallfire"weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves【4】runningswiftlylikethehorses,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen【5】tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere【6】withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnotpossessedbyanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch【7】thepickingsoftheforest,theape-menhad【8】efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolorthattheanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnot【9】.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserangepermittedtheape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar【10】thereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlong-distancesightwas【11】anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethe【12】theviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight-so【13】theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot【14】.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men【15】theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighaspossibleontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalk【16】.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-menbecame【17】still.【18】,theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame【19】tothenew,unstablepositionthat【20】themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

(1)

A.survival

B.hunting

C.security

D.inhabitance

2、(2)

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

3、(3)

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

4、(4)

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

5、(5)

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

6、(6)

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

7、(7)

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

8、(8)

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

9、(9)

A.learn

B.dreamof

C.possess

D.acquire

10、(10)

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

11、(11)

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

12、(12)

A.lower

B.further

C.clearer

D.higher

13、(13)

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

14、(14)

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

15、(15)

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

16、(16)

A.fast

B.stably

C.happily

D.upright

17、(17)

A.faster

B.slower

C.morestable

D.safer

18、(18)

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

19、(19)

A.accustomed

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.suited

20、(20)

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Inthe1960s,Peru'ssugarindustrywasamongthemostefficientintheworld.Itwasalldownhillthereafter.Amilitarygovernmentexpropriatedthesugarestatesonthecountry'snorthcoast,turningthemintogovernment-ownedco-operatives.Havingpeakedat1mtonnesin1975,outputfellto400,000tonnesbytheearly1990s.Butsincethenthesugarindustryhaspassedintoprivatehandsagain.Overthepastdecadeproductionhasreturnedtoitshistoricpeak—andisnowsettoboom.

Thechangehasbeengradual.Thegovernmenthassolditsstakeintheindustryintranches.Butnowinvestorsarepilingin.AsinotherpartsofSouthandCentralAmericatheyareattractedbyhigherpricesforsugarbecauseofitsuseforethanol.Industrysourcespredictthatlandundersugarwillexpandby10,000hectares(25,000acres)ayear,morethandoublingoutputoverthenextdecade.ThatwouldturnPeruintoanexporter—thoughnotonthescaleofBrazilorColombia.

Lastyear,localinvestorssecuredacontrollingstakeinCasaGrande,thelargestsugarplantation.Bioterra,aSpanishcompany,plansa$90methanolplantnearby.Maple,aTexascompany,hasbought10,600hectaresoflandinthenortherndepartmentofPiura.Itsplanscallforaninvestmentof$120mandethanolproductionof120mlitresayear.BrazilianandEcuadoreaninvestorsarealsoactive.

PartoftheattractionisthatPeruhassignedafree-tradeagreementwiththeUnitedStates.ProvidedthatitcansatisfytheconcernsofthenewDemocratic-controlledCongressinWashingtonD.C.,abouttheenforcementoflabourrights,thisagreementshouldbeapprovedlaterthisyear.ItwouldrenderpermanentexistingtradepreferencesunderwhichethanolfromPerucanentertheUnitedStatesdutyfree.Bycontrast,ethanolexportedfromBrazil,theworld'sbiggestproducer,mustpayatariffof54centsagallon.

Twoharshrealitiesmightsourthesesweetdreams.Colombia,CentralAmericaandtheDominicanRepublicallenjoysimilarpreferencesandhavesimilarplans.Colombiaalreadyproduces360mlitresayearofethanol,muchofitforexport.Thesecondquestioniswhethersugar—athirstycrop—isthebestuseofPeru'sdesertcoastalstrip,withitsprecariouswatersupply.Oneofthecountry'sachievementsofthepastdecadehasbeentheprivatesector'sdevelopmentofnewexportcrops.Itwouldbeironicifthesebusinesseswerethreatenedbysugar'sprivatisation.

Whatinformationdoesnotprovideinthefirstparagraph?

A.Peru'ssugarindustrywasverysuccessfulin1960s.

B.Somesugarestatesonthecountry'snorthcoastusedtobegovernment-owned.

C.Duringtheperiodofgovernmentowned,thesugarindustryunderwentaperiodofdevelopment.

D.Theremustberevolutionsin1960s.

2、

Baseonthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat______.

A.theinvestorsarenotsointerestedinbuyingthestake

B.theethanolsourcesattractalotofinvestors

C.thelandundersugarexpandby2.5timesoflastyear

D.Peru'sexportonsugarisnexttothatofBrazilandColombia

3、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Manyfamouscompaniesinvestonsugarproduction.

B.Thefree-tradeagreementwiththeUnitedStatesisakindofsecurityoninternationaltrade.

C.Politicsandeconomyareinteractional.

D.Theenforcementoflabourrightshasbeenachievedwhiletheauthorwritingthistext.

4、

Theword"precarious"(Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans______.

A.unstable

B.barren

C.plenty

D.cautious

5、

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.HowtoMakeEthanolfromSugar

B.TheHistoricalDevelopmentofSugarIndustryofPeru

C.PoliticsCanImprovetheDevelopmentofInteractionalTrade

D.TheConflictbetweenGovernment-ownedandPrivatization

6、"Europeneedstoimporttoexport."ThatisthesloganoftheEuropeanCommission'snewstrategyforsecuringitseconomicplaceintheworld,unveiledthisweekbyPeterMandelson,theEuropeanUnion'scommissionerfortrade.Thesoundbite,ofcourse,getstheeconomicspreciselybackwards:exportsarethepriceacountrymustpayforitsimports;Europeanstoilawaymakingstuffforotherstoconsumeonlysotheycaninturngettheirhandsonthefruitsofforeignlabours.

ButtheslogandoescapturetwoawkwardtruthsEuropeanexportersmustnowconfront.First,onlybyofferingtoopenitsownmarketscantheEUhopetopersuadeforeigncountriestoopentheirs.ButwiththecollapseoftheDoharoundoftradetalks,itisnotobvioustowhomtheEuropeansshouldmaketheiroffers.Second,Europeancompaniesarenowpartofelaborateglobalsupplychains.Clumsyeffortstoprotectsomeofthemfromforeigncompetitiondepriveothersofthecheapinputstheyneedtothriveinworldmarkets.

Thenewtradestrategylooksatbothofthesedilemmas,amongothers.ThoughMrMandelsoninsiststhatheremainsweddedtomultilateralnegotiationsat'theWorldTradeOrganisation,healsofanciespursuingabitonthesidewithotherwillingtradepartners.TheEUwillpickitspartnersaccordingtothreecriteria:dotheyofferabig,growingmarket?AretheycuttingdealswithAmericaorJapan?AndaretheyguiltyofdeterringEuropeancompanies,eitherrepellingthemattheborderwithhightariffs,orboggingthemdownincumbersomerulesandregulations?ThestrategynamesASEAN,SouthKorea,IndiaandRussiaaspriorities,aswellastworegionalblocks,MercosurandtheGulfCo-operationCouncil,thatitisalreadycourting.TheEUwillrevealitsplansforChinaattheendofthemonth.

ThestrategyalsoproposestolookagainathowtheEUprotectsitsownborders,becauseitsfavoredweaponsarepronetobackfire.Forexample,EUministersdecidedthisweektoslapantidumpingdutiesonleathershoesfromVietnamandChina,whichthreatenshoemakersinItaly,PortugalandSpain.ButthedutiesareopposedbyEurope'sownretailersandsomeofitssportswearmakers.LettingAsianworkersstitchandgluesportsshoesmakesitpossibleforsuchfirmstoemployEuropeanstodesignandmarketthem.

MrMandelsonpresentedhisstrategyasawaytohelptheEUbecomemorecompetitive.Openinguptoforeignrivalsis,ofcourse,anexcellentwaytofostercompetitionincloistereddomesticindustries.Apitythenthatmostofhisconcreteproposalswereaboutconqueringmarketsabroad,andthattheEUisstillsoreadytoraiseitsdefencesathome.

AccordingtotheParagraph1,howcanEuropeansgettheirhandsonthefruitsofforeignlabours?

A.Europeanstoilawaymakingstuffforotherstoconsume.

B.PeterMandelsonunveilednewstrategyforsecuringitseconomicplaceintheworldthisweek.

C.Slappinganti-dumpingdutiesonotherproductsfromoutsideEU.

D.AskaskmoreforeignlabourstoworkinEU.

7、

ThereasonswhytheauthorsaystheslogandoescapturetwoawkwardtruthsEuropeanexportersmustnowconfrontincludethefollowingsexcept______.

A.EUhopetopersuadeforeigncountriestoopentheirmarketsbyofferingtoopenitsownsalthoughitisnotobvioustowhomtheEuropeansshouldmaketheiroffers

B.othercountrieswererepellingEUcompaniesattheborderwithhightariffs

C.Europeancompaniesarenowpartofelaborateglobalsupplychains

D.effortstoprotectsomeofEuropeancompaniesfromforeigncompetitionmaydepriveothersofthecheapinputswhichtheseEUcompaniesneedtothriveinworldmarkets

8、

WhichofthefollowingisnotabasicstandardofEUforpickingitspartners?

A.Offeringabig,growingmarket.

B.Notboggingthemdownincumbersomerulesandregulations

C.NotdeterringEuropeancompaniesfromtheircountries

D.CuttingdealswithAmericaorJapan

9、

Theword"pity"(Line3,Paragragh5)refersto______.

A.competitionincloistereddomesticindustries

B.openinguptoforeignrivals

C.MrMandelson'sstrategy

D.hisproposalswereaboutconqueringmarketsabroadwhileEUisstillsoreadytoraiseitsdefensesathome

10、

Whichofthefollowingcouldbeauthor'sjudgmentofthestrategy?

A.Infeasibleproposal.

B.Aperfectsolution.

C.Effectivedefenseagainstrivals.

D.Positivechange.

11、InNovembertheEuropeanParliament'scultureandeducationcommitteeisduetomoveforwardonitsproposed"audiovisualmediaservices"directive,beforesendingittothefullparliamentinDecember.Thenewrulesupdateandrelaxthe"TelevisionWithoutFrontiers"directiveof1989,whichopenedEurope'snationalmarkets.Butcriticscomplainthattheyalsoseektoextendfustyregulationsfromtheeraofbroadcasttelevisiontotoday'sverydifferenttechnologies.Rulesonadvertising,theprotectionofchildrenandsooncouldpotentiallyalsoapplytoallkindsofvideostreams,includingvideoblogs,onlinegamesandmobile-videoservices.

Thiscouldhaveachillingeffectoninnovationandrisksstiflingemergingtechnologieswithrulesdesignedforanotherage,saysChrisMarsdenofRANDEurope,athink-tankthathasanalysedthepotentialimpactoftheproposedrulesforOfcom,Britain'smediaandtelecomsregulator."Regulatorshavetobethoughtful.Theycannotpredictthefutureoftelevision"ortheinternet—noonecan,"saysNiklasZennstr.m,aco-founderofSkype,whoisnowsettingupaninternettelevisionfirm.

Theproposedrulesmaybeunrealisticaswellasonerous.Theideathatwebsitescanberegulatedlikebroadcasters,whicharerequiredtokeepstrictrecordsofwhattheyshowinordertohelpwatchdogsinvestigatecomplaints,isuntenable.FirmscouldsimplyrelocateoutsidetheEuropeanUniontoescapethenewrules.LastweekRuthHieronymi,amemberofparliament,saidshewouldintroducewordingthatmighthelptoovercomesomeoftheobjections.

Behindthedebateisthequestionofhowbesttobalancecompetitionandprotection.Traditionalbroadcastersworrythattheywillbeshackledbyregulationswhilebriskstart-upscandoastheyplease—sotheyliketheideaofextendingregulationtotheirnewrivals.Buteveniftherulesareapprovedastheystand,theywillnotcomeintoforceuntil2022.Suchalong,slowprocessseemsincongruousgiventhepaceoftechnologicalchange.

Thechangeoftelevisioncanbeattributedto______.

A.thescarcespectrumandonlysmallnumberofstationsexisted

B.advancementoftechnology

C.thepreferenceofdifferentaudiences

D.Europe'sattempttoupdatetherules

12、

Accordingtothetext,thenewrules______.

A.seektorevisethepreviousregulation

B.complainedbymanyeducators

C.passedbyEuropeanParliamentin1989

D.openedEurope'snationalmarkets

13、

AccordingtotheParagragh3,NiklasZennstr.mthinkthat______.

A.rulesdesignedforanotherageisstillavailable

B.TelevisionWithoutFrontiersdirectiveof1989hasstiflednewtechnologiesemerging

C.regulatorsshouldbemoreforecastablesotheycandesignbetterrulesoftelevisionandothermedia

D.regulationsmustberealisticbecausenoonecannotpredictthefuture

14、

Theword"onerous"(Line1,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.

A.deceptive

B.burdensome

C.stringent

D.outrageous

15、

WhyTraditionalbroadcasterswanttoextendregulationstothenewbroadcasters?

A.Becausetheyarechainedbyregulationswhilethenewrivalsarefreefromthem

B.Becauseitishardtobalancecompetitionandprotection.

C.Becausethenewbroadcastersaremoreadaptedtotheregulations.

D.Becausetherulescomeintoforceinaslowandlongprocess.

16、JimBoonisahybridkindofguy.HedrivesaToyotahybridtowork,aHondahybridonweekendsand,asamanagerforSeattlepublictransitherecentlyplacedtheworld'slargestorderforhybridelectricbuses.

Now,withthebiggesthybrid-busfleetintheworld,Seattlehasbecomethemaintestinggroundforatechnologythatclaimsitcandrasticallycutairpollutionandfuelconsumption.Inthe1990s,demofleetsof35busesorfewerstartedcroppingupincitiessuchasTempe,Ariz.SixteenoftheseearlyhybridsstillserviceGenoa,Italy,wheredriversswitchfromdieseltoelectricpowerwhenpassingthecity'sdowntownarchitecturaltreasures.ButnocityhasgoneasfarasSeattle,whichlastyearbought235GMhybridbusesat$645,000apop.WhenthefinalonerollsoutthisDecember,theregion'sbussystemwillbe15percenthybrid.

ButwhySeattle,andwhynow?ThePacificNorthwesthaslongbeenahotbedofbothGreenpoliticsandcutting-edgetechnology.FourteenyearsagotheSeattleareabought236Italian-madeBredabusestoserviceamile-longdowntowntunnel.Theyweresupposedtooperateascleanelectrictrolleysunderground,buttheswitchingmechanismoftenfailedand"thebusdrovethroughthetunnelasadiesel,"saysBoon."Itwasprettyloudandsmoky."

WhentheBredashitretirementagein2022,Boonwentshopping.HechosetheGMbusesbecausetheyuseanautomatictransmissionanddieselboostersthatprovidepowertoscaleinclineswithoutstrain.InhillySeattle,theprospectofahybridthatcouldclimblikeadieselbutacceleratewithoutbelchingblackfumeshelpedjustifyaprice$200,000higherthanthatofaregularbus."Thedaysofseeingadieselpullawayandpouroutsmokeareover,"saysBoon."Afterwedrovethesehybridbusesacrossthecountry,Iwipedahandkerchiefinsidethetailpipe.Itcameoutspotless."

Expertssaybusesarecriticaltorealizingthehybriddreamofgreaterefficiencyandcleanerair.Itwouldtakethousandsofhybridcarstosaveasmanygallonsofgas(750,000)asBoonexpectshisbusestosaveSeattleeachyear.GMclaimsthatcomparedwithconventionaldiesels,itsnewbusesalsochurnout90percentlessparticulatematter—aknowncarcinogen."Busesareamajorsourceofpollutioninanycity,"saysDaveKircherofthePugetSoundCleanAirAgency."Theyoperatewherepeoplearebreathingthisexhaust,sothisisamajorstepforwardintermsofemissions."

Andamajorstepforwardinthemarketplace:Philadelphia,Honolulu,LongBeach,Calif.,andAlbuquerque,N.M.,haveallboughttheGMbusesinrecentmonths.GMisnowtoutingitselfinadsasthetophybrid-businnovator,butSiemensisamongtheglobalgiantsduelingGMfornewbusiness,andNewYorkplanstodeploy325BAESystemshybridsby2022."There'sroomforcompetition,"saysJamesCannon,editorofHybridVehiclesnewsletter.SeemsSeattleisn'ttheonlycitytryingtoleavegrungebehind.

HowdoesGenoaprotectitsarchitecturaltreasures?

A.FollowingSeattle'sstepstoreducepollution.

B.Usingelectricpowerofthecar.

C.Shiftingthepowerofthehybridstoelectriconewhencrossing.

D.Reducingthenumberofthebusescrossingthere.

17、

Whichofthefollowingcanbethemainadvantageofhybridbus?

A.Cuttingairpollutionandfuelconsumption.

B.Producinglesssmokeandnoise.

C.Owningstrongswitchingmechanism.

D.Producinglessdangerousmatter.

18、

Theexpression"churnout"(Line4,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans______.

A.increase

B.destroy

C.reduce

D.produce

19、

Whyarebusescriticaltorealizingthehybriddreamofhigherefficiency?

A.Busesareamajorsourceofpollution.

B.Asinglebussavesmuchmoregasthanasinglecar.

C.Busescarrymorepassengers.

D.Newbusesproducelessharmfulmaterial.

20、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.ManycitiesplantobuyGMbuses.

B.GMbuseshavetheincomparableadvantagesoverotherbuses.

C.Thereisseverecompetitioninthefieldofhybridvehicles.

D.Thebestwaytokeepthecitycleanistobuyhybridbuses.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Englishhasbecometheworld'snumberonelanguageinthe20thcentury.IneverycountrywhereEnglishisnotthenativelanguage,especiallyintheThirdWorld,peoplemuststrivetolearnittothebestoftheirabilities,iftheywanttoparticipatefullyinthedevelopmentoftheircountries.41．______

AcloseexaminationrevealsagreatnumberoflanguageshavefallencasualtytoEnglish.Forexample,ithaswipedoutHawaiian,Welsh,ScotchGaelic,Irish,nativeAmericanlanguages,andmanyothers.Luckily,someoftheselanguagesarenowbeingrevived,suchasHawaiianandWelsh,andtheselanguageswillliveagain,hopefully,ifdedicatedpeoplecontinuetheirworkofrevivingthem.42．______Ifthissituationcontinues,thenativeorofficiallanguagesofthesecountrieswillcertainlydiewithintwoorthreegenerations.Thisphenomenonhasbeencalledlinguisticgenocide.Alanguagediesifitisnotfullyusedinmostactivities,particularlyasamediumofinstructioninschools.

43．______Accordingtomanystudies,onlyaround20to25percentofstudentsinthesecountriescanmanagetolearnthelanguageofinstruction(English)aswellasbasicsubjectsatthesametime.ManyleadersoftheseThirdWorldcountriesareobsessedwithEnglishandforthemEnglishiseverything.TheyseemtobelievethatifthestudentsspeakEnglish,theyarealreadyknowledgeable.TheseleadersspeakandwriteEnglishmuchbetterthantheirnationallanguages.IftheseleadersdeliverspeechesanywhereintheworldtheyuseEnglishandtheyfeelmoreathomewithitandproudoftheirabilityaswell.Thecitizensoftheircountriesdonotunderstandtheirleaders'speechesbecausetheyaremadeinaforeignlanguage.

Allthegreatestcountriesoftheworldaregreatbecausetheyconstantlyusetheirownlanguagesinallnationaldevelopmentactivities,includingeducation.Fromapsychologicalpointofview,thosewhoaretaughtintheirownlanguagefromthestartwilldevelopbetterself-confidenceandself-reliance.Fromalinguisticpointofview,thebestbrainscanonlybeproducedifstudentsareeducatedintheirownlanguagefromthestart.44.

Thereisnothingwrong,however,inlearningaforeignlanguageatadvancedlevelsofeducation.45.

[A]ButmanypeopleareconcernedthatEnglish'sdominancewilldestroynativelanguages.

[B]Butthebestthingtodoistohaveagoodeducationinone'snativelanguagefirst,thengoabroadtohaveauniversityeducationinaforeignlanguage.

[C]SupposeyouworkinabigfirmandfindEnglishveryimportantforyourjobbecauseyouoftendealwithforeignbusinessmen.NowyouarelookingforaplacewhereyoucanimproveyourEnglish,especiallyyourspokenEnglish.

[D]Nonetheless,aworldfullofdifferentlanguageswilldisappearifthepr