ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃

ZCNE-002-C1TCP/IP原理與子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃V1.0中興通訊學(xué)院數(shù)據(jù)課程團(tuán)隊(duì)ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!本章學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握TCP/IP體系結(jié)構(gòu)與相關(guān)原理

熟悉IPv4編址方法ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!內(nèi)容提示TCP/IP原理IPv4編制方法ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!應(yīng)用層表示層會話層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層TCP/IP與OSI參考模型比較ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!TCP/IP數(shù)據(jù)流封裝過程：網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層IP層TCP層應(yīng)用層用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP段網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層IP層TCP層應(yīng)用層IP包用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP段實(shí)際物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)的幀IP包實(shí)際傳輸TCP/IP封裝過程PDUdatasegmentpacketframe實(shí)際物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)的幀bitsZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!傳輸層TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!端口號TCPF

T

PTransport

LayerT

E

L

N

E

TD

N

SS

N

M

PT

F

T

PS

M

T

PUDPApplication

Layer2123255369161服務(wù)器一般都是通過知名端口號來識別應(yīng)用程序的端口號用來標(biāo)示互相通信的應(yīng)用程序端口號ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!源端口目的端口HostADest.port=23.

將數(shù)據(jù)包送到我的TELNET端口102823SPDPHostZTelnetZTCP端口號ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!Ijustsent#10.源端口目的端口序號#確認(rèn)序號#102823SourceDest.10Seq.0Ack.TCP序號和確認(rèn)號綜述ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!Ijustsent#10.Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.源端口目的端口序號#確認(rèn)序號#TCP序號和確認(rèn)號綜述ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedHostAHostB1TCP三次握手/建立連接ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)Established(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)HostAHostB123SYNreceivedTCP三次握手/建立連接為了建立或初始化一個連接，兩個TCP通信者必須同步各自的初始序號。初始序列號是建立一個TCP連接時的開始號，用于跟蹤通信順序并確保每個數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸時無丟失。ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1SenderReceiver窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2Send2Receive2SenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2Send2Receive2Ack3Send1Send2Receive1Receive2Windowsize=3Send3Receive3SenderReceiverSenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2Send2Receive2Ack3Send1Send2Receive1Receive2Windowsize=3Send3Receive3Ack4Send4SenderReceiverSenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!TCPUDP是否面向連接面向連接無連接是否提高可靠性可靠傳輸不提供可靠性是否流量控制流量控制不提供流量控制傳輸速度慢快協(xié)議開銷大小TCP/UDP比較ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!IP數(shù)據(jù)包格式版本(4)目的IP地址(32)IP選項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)01631頭部長度(4)服務(wù)類型(8)總長度(16)標(biāo)識符(16)標(biāo)志

(3)片偏移(13)存活時間(8)協(xié)議(8)報(bào)頭校驗(yàn)和(16)源IP地址(32)ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!ICMPApplicationTransportInternetDataLinkPhysicalDestination

UnreachableEcho(Ping)OtherICMP1

ICMP消息類型：

錯誤消息詢問消息ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!ARP工作過程IP:=???我聽到廣播包了，這條消息是給我的，這是我的物理地址.我需要IP地址為主機(jī)的物理地址ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!ARP工作過程實(shí)現(xiàn)IP地址向MAC地址的映射本地ARP解析IP:Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我聽到廣播包了，這條消息是給我的，這是我的物理地址.我需要IP地址為主機(jī)的物理地址ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!實(shí)現(xiàn)MAC地址向IP地址的映射Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我聽到廣播包了.你的IP地址是5RARP工作機(jī)制我的IP地址是什么？ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁!SADAHDRDATAIPv4地址介紹IP地址唯一標(biāo)識一臺網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備32位二進(jìn)制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁!1ClassA:Bits:0Network（8bit）Host891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10Network(16bit)Host891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110Network(24bit)

Host891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110××××組播891617242532Range(224-239)IP地址分類1ClassE:Bits:11110×××891617242532Range(240-255)保留地址ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁!

11111111可用主機(jī)地址數(shù)量計(jì)算

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15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

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11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=65534ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁!00600050Fei_1/1Fei_1/2172.162160NetworkHost..NetworkInterfaceNewRoutingTableSubnet有子網(wǎng)的編址Fei_1/2Fei_1/1ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁!網(wǎng)絡(luò)位擴(kuò)展了8位帶子網(wǎng)劃分的子網(wǎng)掩碼16網(wǎng)絡(luò)位主機(jī)位6017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子網(wǎng)位網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址128192224240248252254255ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁!16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609241地址計(jì)算示例ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第28頁!1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921237地址計(jì)算示例161722160ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第29頁!10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456地址計(jì)算示例161722160ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第30頁!地址計(jì)算示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234567161722160ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第31頁!地址計(jì)算示例101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609228912990123456789161722160ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第32頁!AddressSubnetMaskClassSubnet002BAA子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí)－答案ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第33頁!計(jì)算廣播地址練習(xí)－答案27AddressClassSubnetBroadcast048C36SubnetMask

A55352B52728BZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第34頁!內(nèi)容回顧TCP/IP協(xié)議簇常用協(xié)議應(yīng)用層協(xié)議傳輸層協(xié)議網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議鏈路層協(xié)議IPv4編址方法IP地址的格式IP地址的分類網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼子網(wǎng)的劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址，主機(jī)地址和廣播地址的計(jì)算ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第35頁!最早使用的協(xié)議棧全球事實(shí)上的通訊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)TCP/IPHostInternetTCP/IPHostZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第36頁!TCP/IP協(xié)議棧應(yīng)用層會話層表示層傳輸層TCPUDP網(wǎng)絡(luò)層ICMPRARPARPIGMPIP數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層由底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義的協(xié)議SMTPFTPTELNETDNSSNMPNFSTFTP提供應(yīng)用程序間接口建立端到端連接提供編址和路由功能物理介質(zhì)訪問二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)流傳輸ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第37頁!應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層文件傳輸 -TFTP -FTP -NFSE-Mail -SMTP遠(yuǎn)程登錄 -Telnet -rlogin網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理 -SNMP名稱管理 -DNS應(yīng)用層ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第38頁!傳輸層的功能分割上層應(yīng)用程序建立主機(jī)應(yīng)用程序間端到端的連接將數(shù)據(jù)段從一臺主機(jī)傳到另一臺主機(jī)保證數(shù)據(jù)傳送的可靠性ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第39頁!TCP傳輸控制協(xié)議源端口(16)目的端口(16)序列號(32)首部長度(4)確認(rèn)號(32)保留(6)Codebits(6)窗口大小(16)TCP校驗(yàn)和(16)緊急指針(16)TCP選項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)01631ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第40頁!多個連接時端口號的使用源端口目的端口HostA102823SPDPHostZTelnetZTelnetZ102923ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第41頁!Ijustsent#10.Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.源端口目的端口序號#確認(rèn)序號#TCP序號和確認(rèn)號綜述ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第42頁!102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.Ijustgot#11,nowIneed#12.Ijustsent#11.TCP序號和確認(rèn)號綜述源端口目的端口序號#確認(rèn)序號#ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第43頁!SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)HostAHostBSYNreceived12TCP三次握手/建立連接ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第44頁!FIN的ACKFIN的ACKFINFIN應(yīng)用程序關(guān)閉主機(jī)A主機(jī)B應(yīng)用程序關(guān)閉

TCP四次握手/終止連接ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第45頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2SenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第46頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2Send2Receive2Ack3SenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第47頁!Windowsize=1Send1Receive1Ack2Send2Receive2Ack3Send1Send2Receive1Receive2Windowsize=3Send3Receive3Ack4SenderReceiverSenderReceiver基本概念—窗口控制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第48頁!UDP用戶報(bào)文協(xié)議Sourceport(16)Destinationport(16)Length(16)Data(ifany)Bit0Bit15Bit16Bit31Checksum(16)8

Bytes無序號及確認(rèn)不可靠、面向無連接

高效、快速ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第49頁!InternetProtocol(IP)地址解析/反向解析協(xié)議（ARP/RARP）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)控制消息協(xié)議（ICMP）應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層路由、尋徑功能，提供主機(jī)到主機(jī)的連接功能ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第50頁!決定目的地的上層協(xié)議類型傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層TCPUDP協(xié)議號IP176協(xié)議類型字段ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第51頁!ARP工作機(jī)制IP:=???我需要IP地址為主機(jī)的物理地址實(shí)現(xiàn)IP地址向MAC地址的映射本地ARP解析ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第52頁!ARP工作過程IP:Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我聽到廣播包了，這條消息是給我的，這是我的物理地址.我需要IP地址為主機(jī)的物理地址ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第53頁!Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???我的IP地址是什么？RARP工作機(jī)制ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第54頁!內(nèi)容提示TCP/IP原理IPv4編制方法ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第55頁!IPv4地址02118172.161212NetworkHost..Fei_1/1Fei_1/2ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第56頁!特殊IP地址

RFC1918中規(guī)定如下地址是私有地址：－55、－55、－55

用于廣播，也稱定向廣播，需要指定目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)地址全1用于指定網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身，稱之為網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)號主機(jī)地址全0指本地節(jié)點(diǎn)(一般為)，用于測試網(wǎng)卡及TCP/IP軟件網(wǎng)絡(luò)用途地址ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第57頁!沒有子網(wǎng)的編址…...5354采用自然掩碼，不對網(wǎng)段進(jìn)行細(xì)分。比方說B類的，掩碼為。ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第58頁!子網(wǎng)掩碼172160025525500IP地址缺省掩碼8位子網(wǎng)掩碼網(wǎng)絡(luò)位主機(jī)位子網(wǎng)位主機(jī)位也可寫作“/16”其中16表示掩碼的位數(shù)11111111111111110000000000000000也可寫作“/24”其中24表示掩碼的位數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)位主機(jī)位網(wǎng)絡(luò)位2552552550111111111111111111111111ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第59頁!帶子網(wǎng)劃分的子網(wǎng)掩碼(續(xù))6092101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010161722128網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255網(wǎng)絡(luò)位擴(kuò)展了10位網(wǎng)絡(luò)位主機(jī)位子網(wǎng)位ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第60頁!1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212161722160地址計(jì)算示例ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP地址規(guī)劃共68頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第61頁!101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234地址計(jì)算示例161722160ZCNE002C1TCPIP原理與IP