2019屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí)第二篇中考語法專項第31課賓語從句與定語從句基礎(chǔ)知識

第31課賓語從句與定語從句講堂打破賓語從句觀點(diǎn)在復(fù)合句中，用充任賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式等后邊都能夠接賓語從句，要想真實(shí)掌握賓語從句的用法，一定掌握三個重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)：指引詞、語序、時態(tài)。賓語從連結(jié)賓語從句的連詞有that,whether句的引連結(jié)副詞when,where,how,why。導(dǎo)詞

與

if

。此外還有連結(jié)代詞

what,which,who,whom

及賓語從句是陳說句時，用連結(jié)詞that指引，that在從句中只起指引作用，不作句子成分，沒有詞義，在口語中經(jīng)常省略。如：Henew（that）heshouldstudyhard.他知道他應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。賓語從句是一般疑問句時，用if或whether指引，if和whether意為“能否”。如：Heasedmeif/whetherhecouldcomein.他問我他可否進(jìn)。3.賓語從句是特別疑問句時，特別疑問句中的疑問詞就是指引詞。如：Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?你能告訴我你在哪個班嗎？賓語從賓語從句是疑問句時，要用陳說語序。句的語1.假如是由助動詞do,does,did組成的疑問句，在變換為賓語從句時，要去掉這些助動詞，序從句中的謂語動詞要依據(jù)主句的時態(tài)做出相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Doeshesingwell?”theteacherasedhim.→Theteacherasedhimwhether/ifhesangwell.2.假如是由be,have,will,can等助動詞、連系動詞、神態(tài)動詞組成的問句，在變成賓語從句時，需要把這種詞復(fù)原到句中原謂語的地點(diǎn)上，同時依據(jù)主句的時態(tài)做相應(yīng)的變化。如：Sheasedme,“Willyoubefreetomorrow?”→SheasedmeifIwouldbefreetomorrow.賓語從

1.在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)時，

賓語從句中謂語動詞一句的時態(tài)般也要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如：①Heasedwhentheywouldgototheparty.他問他們什么時候?qū)⑷⒓泳蹠?。②MissGreensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore.格林小姐說她從前往過北京。在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為一般此刻時、此刻進(jìn)行時、此刻達(dá)成時等時態(tài)時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句限制，可依據(jù)狀況采用適合的時態(tài)。如：①Doyounowwhenwe’llhaveafootballmatch?你知道我們什么時候舉行足球賽嗎？②YounowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已經(jīng)去上海了。當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真諦、此刻習(xí)慣動作以及格言等時，其時態(tài)不受主句限制，都用一般此刻時。如：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老師告訴我們光比聲音流傳的速度要快。注：Couldyoutellme...?/Wouldyoutellme...?等句式其實(shí)不是表示過去時態(tài)，而是表示客氣懇求的語氣，因此賓語從句不必定用過去時態(tài)，應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的某種時態(tài)。賓語從當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱I或we，且謂語動詞是thin,believe,suppose,epect等時，賓語句的否從句的否認(rèn)式經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上，即“否認(rèn)前移”。如：定轉(zhuǎn)移①Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworyet.我相信他們還沒有達(dá)成工作。②Idon’tthinhecanspeaEnglish.我以為他不會講英語。注：這種否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移的賓語從句變成反意疑問句時，疑問部分的主語、謂語要與從句保持一致。如：Idon’tthinheisright,ishe?我以為他不對，是嗎？【活學(xué)活用】）依據(jù)漢語提示達(dá)成句子。1.—I’dlietovisitatetomorrow.Doyounow____________________（她住哪里）?—Sorry,Idon’tnowheraddress,either.B）依據(jù)句意或用所給詞的適合形式填空。（come）?3.（2017·杭州中考）Nobodynows__________itwillfinishitsjourney.Itmightbelongerthanepected.4.Untilnowtheyhaven’tdecided__________theyshouldbuildtherailwayornot.Whatanicepaperfish!Canyoushowus__________youmaeit?定語從句觀點(diǎn)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。用法關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要充任句子成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充任動詞的賓語時可省略；當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充任介詞的賓語且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞從前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。如：Theperson（whom）youjustspoetoisMr.Li.剛才跟你說話的人是李先生。定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。如：Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.站在那處的那個女孩是我妹妹。指引1.who指引的定語從句：who在從句中作主語或賓語，修飾的是人。如：詞Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.我喜愛自己創(chuàng)作樂曲的歌手。whose指引的定語從句：whose在從句中作定語，能夠指人，也能夠指物。如：Doyounowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher?你認(rèn)識那位她父親是老師的女孩嗎？which指引的定語從句：which在從句中作主語或作謂語動詞和介詞的賓語，只好指無生命的東西。如：Thestory（which）hetoldwasveryinteresting.他講的故事很風(fēng)趣。that指引的定語從句：that在從句中能夠指人或物，在從句中作主語或作謂語動詞的賓語，但不可以放在介詞后邊作介詞的賓語。如：Ilovemoviesthatarefunny.我喜愛風(fēng)趣的電影。幾種1.先行詞是不定代詞something,nothing,anything等。如：必須（that）Ienjoy.Iwanttodosomething我想做點(diǎn)我喜愛的事。用that2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、thelast或形容詞的最高等所修飾。如：引導(dǎo)．我永久不會忘掉我學(xué)的第一件ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten定語事。從句的3.先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,much,no,some等修飾。如：情況Ihavereadalltheboosthatyougaveme．我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的全部書。4.先行詞被theonly，thevery修飾。如：ThisistheverypenthatIamlooingfor．這就是我在找的鋼筆。先行詞既有人又有物時。如：Theytaledofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered．他們聊了他們記得的人和事。當(dāng)句中已有who或which時，為防止重復(fù)。如：WhoisthemanthatistalingtoJohn?

跟約翰說話的那個人是誰？7.若有兩個定語從句，此中一個已經(jīng)用了

which，則另一個用

that

。如：Edisonbuilt

afactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen．愛迪生建了一座工廠生產(chǎn)一些從沒有見過的東西。表示1.指人時，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等時要用who，而不用that。人時，如：Isthereanyone只可whocananswerthisquestion?有人會回答這個問題嗎？用who引導(dǎo)2.指人時，當(dāng)先行詞為that,this,those或these等時要用who。如：Thosewhohadn’tbought定語theticetsfor從句thetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些還沒買著火車票的人擠在候車廳里。的場合關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞主要有表示時間的when，表示地址的where，表示原由的why。如：副詞①October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.引導(dǎo)定語1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國建立的日子。從句②Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastyear.這是我們昨年住過的旅店。的具體用③ThereasonwhyI’mwritingistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.法我寫信給你的原由是想告訴你對于周六聚會的事?！净顚W(xué)活用】用適合的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentintheoldtown.2.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wemetforthefirsttime.3.“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage__________beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.4.Rosedoesn’tnowwhatsheorherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy__________parentshavelefthometownformaingmoney.5.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulboos__________Ihaveeverread.6.Doyounowtheman__________istalingtoMissWu?當(dāng)堂檢測一、用所給動詞的適合形式填空。1.Thedaywelooedforwardto__________（come）atlast.2.Ifyoudon’tliethedrinyou__________（order）,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.3.Tomasediftheearth__________（go）aroundthesun.4.IhearthatTom__________（be）hereforawee.5.AlltheboosIhave__________（list）here.二、用適合的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.（2018·杭州中考）Manymorepeoplecouldaffordtheboos__________wereproducedonaprintingpress.2.Isthistheplace__________yourfatheroncelived?3.I’llneverforgetthedays__________IjoinedtheLeague.4.Heliestoreadboos__________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.5.Those__________wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat700tomorrow.三、選詞填空。（2017·湖州市南潯區(qū)中考模擬）選擇方框內(nèi)的單詞達(dá)成以下句子，使句子通暢、正確。每詞限用一次。A.trulyB.customers

C.amongF.either1.Onweeends,thesupermaretisusuallyfullof.2.March8is__________Women’sDay.Wecandosomethingforourmother.Youcan__________howregretfulhewasafterdoingsuchasillything.I__________feelsorryaboutyourgreatlossofyourgrandmother.Mr.White__________watchesTVorreadsanewspaperintheevening.6.Nanunis__________themostbeautifulancienttownsinChina.四、任務(wù)型閱讀。（2018·新昌中考模擬）閱讀下邊文章，而后從文后所給的A—D四個選項中選擇正確的選項（此中有一項為哪一項多余選項），將其序號填入1—3小題，并回答4和5兩小題。ForaChineseid,publishing（第一版）abooinEnglishisquiteabigchallenge.ButYangNianhui,a15-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,hasdoneso.1__________,TheVampiresofLorania.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPresshaspublishedit.Itistheirfirsttimetopublishahighschoolstudent’sworindependently.InYang’s60,000-wordnovel,shedescribesavampireingdomcalledLorania.AbravegirlnamedRoseandaChineseboyfightwithbadguystoeepLoraniapeaceful.2__________.Ittellsreaders,“Aheroisonewhochoosestostayandfightforwhatisright,evenifheisafraid.”YangstudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedwithRenminUniversityofChina.Shehasspentfiveyearsworingontheboo.AsabigfanofEnglish,YangenjoysreadingoriginalnovelsandwatchingTVGrade5,shereadTheChroniclesofNarniabyUSauthorC.S.Lewis.3__________.Withlittleeperience,shedidrunintosomeproblems,liehowtodesignthestory.“IreadmanyotherfantasynovelslieTwilightandTheLordoftheRingstolearnsomethings.AndIeptchangingandimprovingmydraftagainandagain,”shesaid.Yangishappyaboutpublishingherfirstboo.“Itgivesmeachancetoepressmyideas,”shesaid.Shehasalreadystartedwritingasequel（續(xù)集）toherboo.A.Itdiscussesthemean