高中英語語法系統(tǒng)講解之九定語從句

高中英語法系統(tǒng)講之九定語從定語從句在復合句中修飾一個名詞或代詞定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先詞定從句并作定語從中的一個成分的詞叫關系詞的系詞有關系代詞whom，，，which）和關系副詞when，wherewhy等系詞有兩個作用1、在先行詞與定語從句中間起連接作用，引導定語從句代替先行詞在其引導的定語從句中充當一定的句子成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。關代引的語句、系詞其用覽關系詞whom

先行詞表人的詞表人的詞

從句成分主語賓語

例句DoyouwhoiswithyourLiisthepersonwhomIamThyloveddiedwar.

備注which在從句中作賓語時?？申P系代詞

whichas

表人或物的詞表人或物的詞表物的詞表人或物的詞

定語主或賓語主或賓語主或賓語

Ilikethosehistory.boywhoseabroadmydeskmate.Aplanethatfly.Sheisthe(that)Iwanttoseevery(which)Igaveyouwas.whichtheaccidentHeisallofus.ThisisthesamepenIlostyesterday.

省略但介詞提前是，后面關系代詞不能省略也不可用that。作賓語一般不省略。、系詞殊法覽情況

用法說明

例句1先行詞為allanything，1.Hetoldthatknows.nothinglittlemuch等定代詞時；Alltheyouofferedbeengiven只用的情況

2、先行詞被all，，every，，little，no，，等修飾時；3先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時4、先行詞既指人又物時；

ThisisthebestfilmthatItalkedaboutthepersonthatistheonlymanthatIwantsee.Whomanisa5行詞被thethevery修飾時；7.thethatlikebest?6行詞位于以或which引導的特殊疑問句式的主句中時；7、關系代詞在定語句中作表語時。只用whichwhom的情況

1、在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指物；用who/whom指人；2在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中用which指物指人；3、先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which，先行詞為，，he

haswhoforstudy.Ilikepersonteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectarerespectedbyothers.1

用。溫提whose名”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語，又能作賓語的先行詞常用來指人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時可以與ofwhich結構互換詞序“名詞+ofPleasemethebookcover(thecoverofwhich)isgreen.關系詞用eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,)由when引：when指間，在從句作時間狀語，它所修飾的先行詞有，day，，，，等如thewasheknownbewhengrewup.eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,)由導：指點，在從句中作地點狀語，它的先行詞有p，spot，，city，country。如theroomyouwinter?BeijingisthewhereIborn.eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,)由why引導why表原因，常用在先行詞reason后面。如reasonwhythatquiteclear.Idontthereasonwhyshelooksunhappy使用系詞應意幾點eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,)有先行詞雖不表具體的地點，但表達一種“階段、境地、形勢、地步where來引導定語從句。如，situation，case等如Atthattimestagehadmorereadersthanmenreaders.Increasinghasledtosituationtheirchildrensschoolfees.ayoubyothers,butcanttelltheItseemsthattheirrelationthepointwheretheyhavetodivorce.eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,)先詞雖然是表示時間、地點或原因的名詞，但如果關系詞在從句中作主或賓語，則用關系代詞that或which引。對：IwillspentwespentIwillneverdayswhenweyourThisisspecial10ago.Thisisspecialmyhastaughtfor10youthatyouthekilledeq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,)在某表時名后關副可略theeverytimetime。如youstillrememberthe(when)wefirst“介+關系詞引的語句eq\o\ac(○,1)介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中的關系代詞只能用which或whom先行詞表物時用which先行詞表人時用whom。介詞的使用取決于句子意義的需要，或句中動詞、形容詞、副詞與介詞的搭配，表“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時，用o。如Itknowtimewhich(=)thewillbegin.Irememberonwhich)IfirstcamethisThisisforlongThisisfromwhomIlearnedgreatIsbosstoyouexplainedIeggs,halfofwhichbrokenwhenIhome.2

eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,)當介位定從的尾，可用/（物/（人）作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞往往省略。如ishero/who/areof.Thisispen(that/which)Iletterwith.eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,)“復介短+關代引的語從這結構引導的定語從句與先行詞用逗號分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。如inabighouse,infrontofstoodatalleq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,)介詞+關代=關系詞如ThisistheroomwhichinThisisroomwhichwelastyear.Thisisroomwherewe關系詞as引的語句eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,)as用作關代，導制定從，?？芍骶渲械膖hesame或相應，其中為詞，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。如WedosameworkHenotsameIsuchadictionaryheWewillgiveinformationaswillhelpyouinyoureq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,)as引導限性語句在句中作主語、賓語或表語，這個定語從句是說明整個句子的，它可以放在主句之前。如Asallheveryknowntothestudentinour常用的這種類似插入語的句式有saidaboveit等限制定從和限性定從限制性定語從句是整個句子不可缺少的部分句從句之間不用逗號分開引詞可用關系代詞，，whom，whose，和關系副詞whenwhere，why。這些引導詞一般只在從句中作賓語時才可省略。非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明從句影響主句意思的完整。一般不用逗號把主句和從句分開，通常不用關系代詞。如AdictionaryisabookgivestheofIhavelostawhichIlikeverymuch.youteacherwhotaughtIhavebrothers,whobothstudents.溫提：eq\o\ac(○,1)as和which引非限制定語從句時，都可以指代整個主句內(nèi)容，二者的區(qū)別是：as引的定語從句位置靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末引的語從句只能放在主句之后as意為“正如；這一點意“這件事如Asismentionedabove,EnglishiseasytoHefailedinexaminationagain,whichdisappointedparents.eq\o\ac(○,2)、限制性定語從句通常不用that引。Iamfondofboughtforme.eq\o\ac(○,3)、非限制性定語從句中，指人的關系代詞作賓語時，只能用whom，不能用替，也不能省略Lily,whomyoumetattheparty,isfavoriteeq\o\ac(○,4)、限制性定語從句不能用why導，要用forwhich代。eg:ItoldhimforwhichImissedearlybus.使用語句注的題eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,)關系詞從中主時從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。3

如ThelivesThestudentsinThreethehilleq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,)引導語句關副可用介+which”代。如October1,1949wasdaywhich(=when)PeopleswasfoundedThisisroomwhich(=where)LuXunlived.eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,)當定從中語詞帶詞副的動短時動詞短語不能拆開。如ThedictionaryareforisontheThesickmanlookingafterisherfather.eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,)關系詞關副在句充一成，因此使用時要注意避免從句中句子成分的重復出現(xiàn)。如Letalookdictionarythatityesterday.(×lookatdictionarythat(√ThisisIlivedintwo(×Thisis(that/Iintwoyears(√)強訓---Wheredidyougetontheweworked.thatthereC.D.wherebookwaswritteninsystemhaswitnessedchanges.whenC.sincethesincewhenpre-schoolchildrengotoadaytheylearnsimplegamesandB.whileYoucanonlybesureofyouhaveyousureofyoumightinthethat;;C.;D./;thatweek,onlytwotolookwantedbuynoneofB.ofofwhomThosesuccessfuldancingisactivitysightmorethanwhenC.D.whererestaurantonBakerStreet,usedpoorlyrun,isnowsuccessfulthatB.whichD.educatedhighschool,wentonafterwhichB.C.inwhichinnormallyattractsperyear,willbefrominwhichB.forwhomwith10.Iwithsir;IseenocanIB.howIwhyshallIwhyIknow11.youanythinginyoulikeforsupper?---Well,iswiththat;anythingwhich;everythingwhat;nothingwhat;12.Myuncleauntworkfarm,theyfifty;cattleB.;ofcattleC.inwhich;headcattleD.where;cattles13.AmonywinnersseriouslyillinstandB.whomC.littlestands4

littleTomwhose14.reasonforbeinglateheusethealarmclock.which;C.which;that;15.Whiledrivingthecity,showedaliftoperator.whenB.whichbyD.inwhich16.165goldinAsianinofwholeexcited.whichC.D.where17.wellB.C.hasrepairedhad18.Anyway,Illtellyouaboutlater,upstayingatRachelsplace.whenB.whereC.whatD.which19.usalltheoldforwasinthehardinhisAs;whomB.;C.It;whoseAs;whose20.Itwasinthestonehousewasbuiltbylocalvillagerstheprimarywhich;wherewhichD.that;21.wasoffbeingwhoseroofroofofthatwhichroofwhich22.Itsthelateweek.thatyouareC.whenyoubeen23.Didallthemembers