北外基礎(chǔ)英語真題2005試卷答案

2005年入學(xué)考試Pleasewritealltheanswersontheanswersheets.TimeLimit:3hoursReadingThissectioncontainstwopassages.Readeachpassageandthenanswerthequestionsgivenattheendofit.YouranswersmustbeinEnglish.PassageCriticsandsupportersoftheUnitedNationshavesometimesseemedworldsapart.Butsincelastyear,almostallofthem,whethermultilalistorunilalist.AmericanorEuropean,havecometoagreethattheorganisationisincrisis.Thisweek,ablue-ribbonpanelcommissionedbythebody’ssecretary-general.KofiAnnan.releaseditsreportonwhattodoaboutit.TheUN’ssorrystatebecamemostobviouswiththeIraqwar.ThosefavouringtheWarwerefuriousthatafteradecadeofSecurityCouncilresolutions,includingthelast-chanceResolution1441threatening“seriousconsequences”ifIraqdidnotproveitsdisarmament,theUNcouldnotagreetoact.Anti—wartypeswerejustasfrustratedthattheworldbodyfailedtostoptheWar.ButIraqwasnottheUN’sonlyproblem.Ithasdonelittletostophumanitariandisasters,suchastheongoinghorrorinSudan.AndithasdonenothingtostopIran’sandNorthKorea’spursuitofnuclearRecognisingthedangerofirrelevance.MrAnnanlastyeartolda16-memberpanel,composedmainlyofformerernmentministersandheadsofernment,tosuggestchanges.Thesefallbroadlyintotwocategories:theinstitutionalandthecultural.Theformerhasgotmostoftheheadlines—particularlyacallforchangingthestructureoftheSecurityCouncil.ButchangesintheUN’sworkingpracticesarecrucial.too.EveryoneagreesthattheSecurityCouncilisanunrepresentativerelic:ofits15seats.fiveareoccupiedbypermanent,veto—wieldingmembers(America,Russia,,BritainandFrance)andtengotocountriesthatrotateeverytwoyearsandhavenoveto.Butthatthecouncil’scompositionisathrowbacktotheworldorderimmediayaftertheSecondWorldWarhasbeenagreedonfordecades,withoutanysuccessinchangingit.JapanandGermany:thesecond.andthird.biggestcontributorstotheUNbudget,believetheyareentitledtopermanentseats.Sodoes,theworld’ssecond—most—populouscountry,andBrazil,LatinAmerica’sbiggest.Unlikeinpreviousefforts,thesefourhavefinallybandedtogethertopresstheircase.AndtheyarejoinedinspiritbytheAfricans,whowanttwoseatsfortheircontinent.Buteachaspiranthasopponents.mistrustsJapan.ItalyopposesapermanentseatforGermany,whichwouldmakeItalytheonlybiggishEuropeanpowerwithoutone.(ItinsteadproposesasingleseatfortheEuropeanUnion,anon-startersincethiswouldrequireBritainandFrancetogiveuptheirs.andregionalinstitutionscannotbeUNmembersunderthecurrentUNCharter.)Spanish-speakingMexicoandArgentinadonotthinkPortuguese-speakingBrazilshouldrepresentLatinAmerica,andPakistanstronglyopposesitsrival’sbid.AsforpotentialAfricanseats,EgyptclaimsoneastherepresentativeoftheMuslimandArabworld.ThatwouldleaveNigeria,thecontinent’smostpopulouscountry,andSouthAfrica,whichisricherandamorestabledemocracy,fightingfortheother.Thepanelhasproposedtwoalternatives.Thefirstwouldgivesixcountries(noneisnamedprobablyGermany,Japan,,BrazilandtwoAfricancountries)permanentseatswithoutaveto,andcreatethreeextranon-permanentseats,bringingthetotalnumberofcouncilmembersto24.Thesecond,whichwouldexpandthecouncilbythesamenumberofseats,createsanewmiddletierofmemberswhowouldserveforfouryearsandcouldbeimmediayre-elected.abovethecurrentlowertieroftwo-yearmembers,whocannotbere—elected.Therivalstothewould—bepermanentmembersfavourthisoption.WhileSecurityCouncilreformmaybethemostvisibleoftheproposals,thepanelhasalsoshareditsviewsontheguidelinesonwhenmembersmayuselegally.UndertheUNCharter,theycandosointwocircumstancesonly:Article51allows inaclearcaseofself-defence,andChapterVIIpermitsitsusewhentheSecurityCouncilagrees.WhilethepanellistshavenotproposedmajorchangestothesetwopartsoftheCharter,theyhaveofferedrefinements.ThoughtheCharterwaswrittento ernwarbetweencountries.thepanelarguesthatevenwithoutrevision,(ChapterVIIletstheSecurityCouncilauthorise formorecontroversial.modemreasons1ikefightingterroristsandinterventioninstatescommittinghumanitarianhorrors.Itevenconsiders“preventive”warsagainstseriousbutnon-imminentthreatspotentiallyjustifiable.Butthepanelalsosaysanydecisiontouse mustpassfivetests:thethreatmustbegrave；theprimarypurposemustbetoavertthethreat: mustbealastresort:meansmustbeproportional；andtheremustbeareasonablechancethat wi11succeedwithoutcalamitousconsequences.Allcommon-sensestuff,butthepanelproposesmakingthesetestssubjectiveandunofficial),thusraisingthequalityofdebateaboutanydecisiontogotoOntopofthis.thereporturgestheUNtomakebetteruseofitsassetsinthefightagainstterrorism.Oneoftheobstaclestoaneffectivecounter-terrorismstrategyhasbeenUNmembers’inabilitytoagreeonadefinitionofterrorism.Thepaneltriestohelpbydefiningitas“anyactionthatisintendedtocausedeathorseriousbodilyharmtociviliansornon－combatants”；Arabcountriesmaycontinuetopressforexemptionsinthecaseof“foreignoccupation”.Thereportalsodealswithwhatitseesasapossible“cascadeofnuclearproliferation”inthenearfuture.Itmendscreatingmoreincentivesforcountriestostopenriching1.ExinthefollowingsentencesorphrasesinEnglish,bringingouttheimpliedmeaning,ifthereisany.(40points,4pointseach)Thisweek,ablue-ribbonpanelcommissionedbythebody’ssecretary—general,kofiAnnan,releaseditsreportonwhattodoaboutif.RecognisingthedangerofEveryoneagreesthattheSecurityCouncilisanunrepresentativeButthatthecouncil’scompositionisathrowbacktotheworldorderimmedia yaftertheSecondWorldWarhasbeenagreedonfordecades,withoutanySuccessinchangingit.Unlikeinpreviousefforts,thesefourhavefinallybandedtogethertopresstheirButeachaspiranthasanon-startersincethisWouldrequireBritainandFrancetogiveupWhilethepanellistshavenotproposedmajorchangestothesetwopartsoftheCharter,theyhaveofferedrefinements.Itevenconsiders“preventive”warsagainstseriousbutnon-imminentthreatspotentiallytheprimarypurposemustbetoavertthethreat；mustbealastresort；meansmustproportional；andtheremustbeareasonablechancethatwillsucceedwithoutHowdoestheIraqwarreflectthestateoftheWhataretheproposalsforstructuralchangesoftheWhatarethemajorcontentsofthepanelPassageThetradeandinvestmentrelationshipbetweentheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStatesisthemostimportantintheworld.Despitetheemergenceofcompetitors,EuropeandAmericaarethedynamooftheglobaleconomy.Thiseconomicrelationshipisafoundationofourpoliticalpartnership,whichweallknowhasbeenthroughadifficultpatch.TheidentityofinterestbetweenEuropeandAmericaislessobviousthanduringthecoldwar.Butwhilethetrans-Atlanticrelationshipis ingmorecomplex,thatdoesnotmakeitlessimportant.AsEuropeancommissionerfortrade.IdonotagreethatEuropeanandAmericanvaluesarefundamentallydiverging.orthatourinterestsnolongerWestillshareabeliefindemocracyandindividualdoms,andincreatingopportunityandeconomicopenness.Wefacethesamesecuritychallenges.Welookaheadtosharedglobalproblems:poverty,migration,resourcecrises,climatechange.Weneedcommitmentandvisiontoredefineourrelationship.Iwanttoseeastrongerandmorebalancedpartnership-oneinwhichEuropeismoreunited,morewillingtotakeitsroleingloballeadershipandonewheretheUnitedStatesismoreinclinedtoshareleadershipwithEurope.Weneedtofindwaystocomplementeachother,notcompeteinthepoliticalarena.Wewillnotachieveeithersideofthisequationwithouttheother.Europeneedstobuildstrongerforeignpoliciesandtobereadytoactontheworldstage.Butequally,thebodylanguageweseefromAmericahasahugeimpactonhowEuropeansviewthepartnership.0urcommoninterestrequiresastrongEurope,notaweakanddividedone.IhopethattheUnitedStateswillreinitshistoricalsupportforEuropeanintegration.IamfortunatenowtotakeoveranareaofinwhichEuropeishighlyeffective:trade.OurtoptradepriorityonbothsidesoftheAtlanticmustbetoputourweightbehindthemultilalDohadevelopmentagenda.Concludingthisnegotiationinawaythatlivesuptoitsambitionwillbringenormousbenefits.Collectively,wetookamajorstepinreachingtheframeworkagreementinGenevalastJuly.followingtheleadtakenbytheEUonagricultureexportsubsidies.WenowlooktotheUnitedStatesandotherstofollowthatlead,andweneedtoaccelerateworkinotherareas—Onindustrialtariffsandservices-toachieveabalancedresult.TheDoharoundoftalksdiffersfromanyotherinitsfocusondevelopment.EuropeandtheUnitedStatesmustensurethatpoorercountriesarefullyengagedandderivebenefits.Buttheissuesweneedtotackletostimulategrowthandinnovationintrans.AtlantictradearenotthoseontheDohaagenda.Ourmarketsarerelativelyopenandhighlydeveloped.Weneedtoconcentrateonremovingregulatoryandstructuralbarriersthatinhibitactivity.Thisisaboutcuttinginternationalredtape:Ourregulatorysystemsandculturesaredifferent.butthatiswhererealgainscanbemade.AsEUtradecommissionerIwanttodevelopanambitiousbutpracticaltrans-Atlanticagenda.Iamnotinclinedtosetrhetoricaltargetsorlaunchloftyinitiatives.IwantasetofachievableWorkontrans.AtlanticderegulationwillalsocontributetothecentralgoaloftheEuropeanCommission:promotinggrowthandjobsinIamnotnaive.Iamnotturningablindeyetotheinevitabledisputesintrans-AtlanticTheyarerelativelysmallasaproportionoftotaltrade,buttheymaketheTheyreflectthehugevolumeofourtradeandinvestmentflows.Thatisgood.TheyalsoreflectourreadinesstosettledisputesintheWorldTradeOrganization.Thatisalsogood.TheWTOisthebestexampleofeffectivemultilalismthattheworldhassofarinvented.Ihopewewillworktogethertoupholdit.Ifmultilalismistobeworthwhile,ithastobeeffective-andthatgoesforeverypartoftherelationshipbetweenEuropeandAmerica.1.ExinthefollowingsentencesorphrasesinEnglish,bringingouttheimpliedmeaning,ifthereisany.(24points,4pointseach)TheidentityofinterestbetweenEuropeandAmericaislessobviousthanduringthe…EuropeanandAmericanvaluesarefundamentallydiverging,orthatourinterestslongerWewillnotachieveeithersideofthisequationwithoutthetoputourweightbehindthe lDohadevelopmentConcludingthisnegotiationinawaythatlivesuptoitsambitionwillbringenormousThisisaboutcuttinginternationalred2.Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords.(15points,5points

WhatdoestheauthorcallontheUnitedStatestodotostrengthenthebondinthetrans-Atlanticpartnership?WhatdoestheauthorthinkaretheissuestheEUandUSshouldworkonintrans.Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandtranslatetheunderlinedpartsinto.(24points,4pointseach)Butcanaliberal—today—beforcensorship?Yes,butheoughttofavoraliberalformIdon’tthinkthisisacontradictioninterms.【1】Wehavenoproblemcontrastingrepressivelawserningalcohol,drugsandtobaccowithlawsregulating(thatisdiscouragingthesaleof)alcohol,drugs,andtobacco.wehavenotmadesmokingacriminaloffenseWehave,however,andwithgoodliberalconscience,prohibitedcigaretteadvertisingonevision.Theideaofrestrictingindividualdom.inaliberalway,isnotatallunfamiliartousIthereforeseenoreasonwhyweshouldnotbeabletodistinguishrepressivecensorshipfromliberalcensorshipofthewrittenandspokenword.InBritain,untilafewyearsago,youperformalmostanyyyouwished—butcertainys,judgedtobeobscene,hadtobeperformedinprivatetheatricalclubs.IntheUnitedStates,【2】allofuswhogrewupusingpubliclibrariesarefamiliarwiththecircumstancesunderwhichcertainbookscouldbecirculatedonlytoadultswhilestillotherbookshadtobereadinthelibrary.Inbothcases,asmallminoritythatwaswillingtomakeaseriousefforttoseeanobsceneyorbookcoulddoso.【3】Buttheimpactofwascircumscribed,andthequalityofpubliclifewasonlymarginally【4】Itisadistressingfactthatanysystemofcensorshipisbound,uponoccasion,totreatunjustaparticularworkofart-tofindographywherethereisonlygentleeroticism.tofindobscenitywherenonereallyexistsortofindbothwherethework’sexistenceoughttobetoleratedbecauseitservesalargermoralpurpose.Thatistheprice:onehastobepreparedtopayforcensorship-evenliberalcensorship.【5ButifyoulookatthehistoryofAmericanorEnglishliturethereispreciouslittleyoucanpointtoasaconsequenceofthecensorshipthatprevailedthroughoutmostofthathistory.Idoubtthatmanyworksofreallirymeriteverweresuppressed.NordidInoticethathithertosuppressedmasterpiecefloodedthemarketwhencensorshipwaseased.【6】IshouldsaytothecontrarythatliturehaslostquiteabitnowthatsomuchisItseemstomethattheculturalmarketintheUnitedStatestodayisawashindirtybooks,dirtymovies,dirtytheater.Ourculturalconditionhasnotimprovedasaresultofthenewdom.I’llputitbluntly:IfyoucareforthequalityoflifeinourAmericandemocracy,thenyouhavetobeforcensorship.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(32”，“衣后,又說“還是熱,再把也脫了吧”強(qiáng)盜頭目當(dāng)然不會(huì)在乎赤膊，于是就脫去“頭也脫了吧，全身更自在……”一聽說連褲頭也要脫，強(qiáng)盜頭目趕緊說這可使不得!萬萬使不得!”面對(duì)此情此景當(dāng)即來了一番水到渠成的為什么‘使不”，PassageExinthesentencesinThisweek,agroupofexpertswhoareauthorizedbyUN’ssecretary-generalputforwardtheirproposalsonhowtodealwiththecrisisthatUNisfacingKofiAnnanwasawareofUN’spowerlessnessincertainEveryoneholdstheideathatSecurityCouncilshouldundergosomechanges,asitcannotrepresentallUNmembers’ideas.ThecompositionofSecurityCouncilhaslongbeenestablishedandhasn’tbeenchangedsincethen.Japan,Germany,andBrazil,theyunitedtogethertoaskforpermanentseatsintheSecurityCouncil.Thiscasehasneverhappenedbefore.Theeffortofthefourcountrieswouldnotbeachievedeasilyasmanyothercountriesdisagreewiththeirproposal.It’simpossibleforEuropeanUniontohaveapermanentseatinSecurityCouncil.BecauseBritainandFrancewouldn’tgiveuptheirs.Theproposalsfromexpertsdidn’tfundamentallychallengetheUNCharterbutofferedimprovementonhowthereformofSecurityCouncilshouldbecarriedout.Chaptersevenenablescountriestolaunchwarsagainstanypotentialthreats,whichtheyconsiderserioustothem.Thepriorityofusingistopreventthreatfromgettingbadtoworse;ifnegotiationisstillavailable,noshouldbeused;themeasurestakenshouldn’tbeextremeandwillcausenocatastrophicproblems.AnswertheWithintheUN,membersaredividedintotwogroups,thosefavoringthewarandthoseopposingthewar.ThosewarsupporterswereunsatisfiedwithUN’sstance.TheyblamedUNforunwillingtotakeactionstopunishIraq.Whilethoseanti-warcountriesfeltsorryaboutUN’spowerlessnesstostopthewar.ThepanelhasproposedtwoalternativesforstructuralchangesoftheUN.Thefirstoneistogive6countriespermanentseatswithoutavetoandcreate3non-permanentseats.Thesecondoneistocreatesome4-yearmemberswhocanbere-electedonthebasisofcurrentThemajorcontentofthepanelreportincludes:howtochangethestructureoftheSecurityCouncil;whenshallmembersuse legally;suggestingUNtomakebetteruseofitsassetsinthefightagainstterrorism;definingterrorism;howtodealwithnuclearPassageExintheDuringthecoldwar,theinterestofEuropeandAmericawastoboycottsocialism,andit’sveryobviousandexplicit.Butinthenewera,theirinterestisnotthatsimple,asbothofthemhavedifferentpursuits,whichmightwitheachother.Asamatteroffact,EuropeandAmericasharethesimilarvaluesandtheirintereststocertaindegreearealsoidentical.TherelationbetweenEuropeandAmericaisindispensable.Cooperatedwitheachother,theycouldfoundrealizetheircommoninterest..TotakepartinthemultilalDoharoundofIfanagreementisreachableinthenegotiation,allparticipantscouldgetenormousbenefitsfromit.ToremoveregulatoryandstructuralbarriersistosimplifythebureaucraticprocessofinternationaltradeAnswertheTheauthorcallsontheUStoredefinetherelationshipbetweenEuropeandAmerica.HealsowantsUStocooperateandshareleadershipwithEurope.ThenheurgesAmericatoreachagreementswithEuropeintheDoharoundoftalksconcerninginternationaltrade.Andtheseagreementsincluderemovingregulatoryandstructuralbarriers.TheauthorthinksUSshouldshareleadershipwithEUandfollowtheleadtakenbyEUonag