2019-2021北京重點(diǎn)校初一（下）期中英語匯編：閱讀理解

15/152019-2021北京重點(diǎn)校初一（下）期中英語匯編閱讀理解一．閱讀理解1．（2021北京四中七年級(jí)期中）Forgetthelessonsthatchildrenhavelearnedfromstoriesofthetortoiseandthehare.Children'swriterAesopwouldhavehadagreatereffectwithhisfables（寓言）ifhehadusedhumancharacters.Atleastthatiswhatanewstudyfound.TheUniversityofToronto'sOntarioInstituteforStudiesinEducation（OISE）didthestudy.ItwasdoneinCanada.ThestudywasledbyPatriciaGanea，whoisaprofessoratOISE.Inthestudy，scientistsreadtoalmost100childrenbetween4and6yearsold.Scientistsreadoneofthreestories.OnewasMaryPackardsLittleRaccoonLearnstoShare，inwhichhuman﹣likeanimalslearnthatsharingmakesyoufeelgood.Inanotherversionofthestory，theanimaldrawingswerereplacedwithhumans.Thethirdstorywasabookaboutseeds.Itwasusedasacontrolinthestudy.Beforetheyheardthestory，thechildrenchose10stickerstotakehome.Theyweretoldthatonechildwouldnothaveanystickerstotakehome.Itwassuggestedtothechildrenthattheycouldsharetheirstickerswiththeotherchildbyputtingtheminanenvelopewhentheadultwasnotlooking.Aftertheyhadbeenreadthestory，thechildrenwereallowedtochoosemorestickers.Theywereagainaskedtodonatetothestickerlesschild.Thestudywasjustpublishedinasciencejournal.Itfoundthatchildrenwhowerereadthebookwithhumancharactersbecamemoregenerouswiththeirstickers.Buttherewasnodifferenceingenerositybetweenchildrenwhoreadthebookwithanimalsandthecontrolbook，thestudysaid.Bothgroupsshowedadecreaseinsharingbehavior，itsaid.Therehavebeenexistingstudiesusinghesamemethod，whichshowedthatbeforetheyare6yearsold，childrensharehardlyanystickerswiththeirfriends.Thestudiesshowedthatevenafterage6，children，keepmostofthestickersforthemselves，theysaid.Sotherewasroomforchildrentochangetheirsharingbehaviorafterhearingthestory."Hearingabookaboutsharingchangedchildren'sbehavior，"anexpertfromGanea'sresearchteamsaid.Thetypeofcharactersaffectedwhetherchildrenbecamemoreorlesslikelytoshare.Afterhearingthestorywithhumancharacters，thechildrenbecamemoregenerous，theysaid.However，afterhearingthesamestorybutwithanimalsoracontrolstory，childrenbecamemoreselfish，theysaid.Ganeasaidthatstudiesshowthatyoungchildrenpickupmorefromstoriesthatarerealistic.But，"thisisthefirsttimewefoundsomethingsimilarforsocialbehaviors.Thefindingissurprisinggivenatmanystoriesforyoungchildrenhavehuman﹣likeanimals"saidGanea.Shethoughtthatchildren'swritersshouldknowaboutthestudy.Wetellstoriestochildrenformanyreasons，shesaid.Ifthegoalistoteachthemamoral（品德）lessonaboutdoingwhatisright，onewayistowriteabouthumans，shesaid.ChrisHaughtonisawriterandillustratorofanimalpicturebooksincludingOhNo，George！Hefeltthatthestoriesthathaveagreatereffectaretheonesthatchildrenkeepthinkingabout.HaughtonreadthebookCharlotte'sWebwhenhewasachild.Itmadea"bigimpression"onhim.Hethoughtaboutitsomuchthatheturnedintoalifelongvegetarianbecauseofthestory.WriterTraceyCorderoysaidthatwhenthemaincharactersofataleareanimalsinsteadofhumans，itworkswell.Theslightdistancethatthisallowsthechilddoesanumberofimportantthings，shesaid.Itsoftensthemessagealittle，makingiteasiertoaccept，shesaid.Usinganimalskeepschildreninterested，shesaid.KesGrayisthewriteroftherhyminganimalseriesOiFrogandFriends.Hewasnotbothered（煩擾）bythestudy'sfindings.Writersandartistsjustneedtokeepthemainanimalcharactersintheirstoriescuddly（惹人喜愛的），hesaid.Thingsmaynotcomethiswayinwriters'mind.However，thestudiescanalsoplayaninspiringparttohelpthechildrenbecomethebetterselves.（1）FromthestudydonebyPatriciaGanea，wecangettoknowthat_____.A.allthechildrenweregiventhestickerstoparticipateinB.theyoungerthechildrenare，themoretheywanttoshareC.childrenweresupposedtosharetheirstickersafterhearingthestoryD.scientistsreadthreestoriestochildrenandaskedthemtohelptheotherchild（2）Whatcanweinferfromthefindingsthescientistshavegot？A.Realisticstoriescaninterestchildrentolearnmore.B.Childrentendtofollowtheexamplesofhumancharactersinthestory.C.ChildrenbehaveddifferentlyinGanea'sstudyandothersimilarstudies.D.Comparedwiththeexistingstudies，Ganea'sfindingshavemorebreakthroughs.（3）Howdidchildren'sbookwritersfeelafterhearingaboutthestudy？A.Theydecidedthattheyshouldwritemorestoriesaboutpeople.B.Theybelievedthatthescientistshadnotstudiedsharingproperly.C.Theyinsistedthatmakingstoriesinterestingisthemostimportant.D.Theyrealizedthatitisnotpossibleforchildrentolearnfromanimals.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.Charactersmatter.B.Interestoutweighsbeingreal.C.SharingIscaring.D.Children'sbooksneedachange.2．（2021北京四中七年級(jí)期中）AlittleboynamedJohnlivesinabeautifulhomewithhisparents.Oneday，hisfatherfindshimcryingandasksifsomethingiswrong.Johnsayssadly，"lhavesomanyproblemsinlife，"andtalksabouthis'problems'.John'sfatherpatientlylistentohim.Thenhebringsabowlandplacesapotato，aneggandsomecoffeebeansinit.HeasksJohntotouchandfeeleachoftheminthebowl，andtellwhathefeelsaboutthemJohndescribeshowhefeelsabouteachofthemontouching.ThefathersmilesandasksJohntoplacethemallinthreedifferentbowlsandpourwaterinthem.Hethenboilsthemall.Afterafewminute，thefatherturnsoffthestoveandplacesallthebowlsonthecountertocoolthemdown.Whentheyhavecooleddown，John'sfatheraskshimtotouchthemonceagainandfeeltheegg，potato，andcoffeebeans.Johnhasadifferentanswerthistime.Andhesays，thepotato'sskineasiertopeelasithasturnedverysoft，theegghashardened，andthereisafreshcoffeearoma（芳香）comingfromthebeans.ListeningtoJohn，hisfathersmilesandtellshimhowthepotato，egg，andcoffeebeansreactto（反應(yīng)）badsituations.Thepotatohasbecomesoft，theegghasturnedverystrong，andthecoffeebeanshavechangedtheirform（形式）completelyduringtheirtestingtimeintheboilingwater.（1）WhenJohn'sfatherfindshimcrying，he_____.A.cooksadeliciousmealforhimB.justlistenstohimandsaysnothingC.teacheshimalessonbydoinganexperimentD.leadshimtoforgetsomethingsadbycooking（2）Whathappenstothefoodaftertheyareputintheboilingwater？A.Theyallcooldownsoon.B.Noneofthemturnsverystrong.C.Theirskinsaredifficulttopeel.D.Onechangesitsformcompletely.（3）Inthisstory，"boilingwater"isthe_____Johnhasinhislife.A.problemsB.changeC.feelingsD.questions（4）Thestorywriterwantstotellus______.A.wecandonothingabouttheproblemsinlifeB.howwereacttoproblemsmakesadifferenceC.howluckyJohnisbecausehehasagoodfatherD.everythingwillchangeifitisputintheboilingwater3．（2021北京四中七年級(jí)期中）OnasunnydaylastJanuary，peoplerushedtoaparkinglotinLasVegastosee"smartcars"thatlookedmorelikecolorfuleggsthancommoncars.Theywereelectric，withonlytwowheelsinsteadoffourandtheyheldonlytwopassengers.Thankstotheirtinysize，youwouldn'tworryaboutparkingthecars.Actually，thesecarscanparkthemselves.TheyarecalledtheEN﹣V.ItisbuiltbytheGeneralMotors，orGM，carcompanyandpointstowhatfuturecarswillbelike.Oneday，suchsmall，electriccarsmightsafelymakepeopletravelaround，especiallyincrowdedcities.Butsomebodymayworryaboutthesafetyofthoseself﹣drivingcars，Pleasedon'tworryaboutitbecausetheresearchersinGoogleshowusthattheyhavesafetyinmind，andthecomputerprogramsbehindthesecarsaredesignedtoturnroadsintosaferplaces.Acomputerizedcar，theysay，won'tbedistracted（分心）byphonecallsoriPods.Usingvideocameras，radarsensors（傳感器）andlasers，thecarsdetect（識(shí)別）othercars，whichcanhelpavoidcrashes.Aroundtheworldeachyear，trafficaccidentskillmorethanonemillionpeopleandinjure50millionothers.Buttheybelievethattheirtechnologycanmakedrivingsaferandcutdownontrafficaccidents.Also，thecarsinthefuturewillbesmarterbecausecompanieslikeGooglearemakingfuturecarsgettoknowthepeoplewhorideinside.Forexample，F(xiàn)ordMotorCo.wantstoletcarshelpoutwithaperson'shealth.Thecar'sonboardcomputerwillcommunicatewithmedicaldevices（裝置）wornbyaperson.Soon，F(xiàn)ord'scarsmighthelpyoukeepinformedofyourbodychemistryorkeeptrackofyourhealthbyremindingyoutotakemedicine.Ifit'selectric，yourcarsendyouatextremindingyoutoplugitinCarswilltalktoothercars，yourcomputer，yourphoneandalmostanyotherdeviceTheyIdriverssaveenergy，watchoutforotherdriversandavoidpeoplewalkingonthestreet.AndrePlatzer，acomputerscientistatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh，saysthatpiecebypiece，driverlesstechnologyisarriving."Weneedtogainsomeexperienceandbuildinsomesafetytechnologyandmakesurepeople﹣canrelyon（依賴）this，"hesays."IfIwanttositinthecarandreadmynewspaperanddrinkmycoffeeandnotwatchtheroad，thenthat'ssomethingIcandoonlyifIhaveenoughtrustinthesystemtodealwithallofthedifferent﹣situationsinareliableandsafeway.Thisisthefutureofcars：safer，smarterandmoreenergy﹣saving.Thecarsmightevendrivethemselvesdownthehighwayorthroughacity.Youcansitbackandenjoytheride.（1）WhichisNOTtheadvantageofthecarsinthefuture？A.Theycancarrymorepassengers.B.Theycandriveandparkthemselves.C.Theycancutdownontrafficaccidentsontheroad.D.Theycancommunicatewithothercarsanddevices.（2）TheunderlinedphrasekeeptrackofinParagraph4probablymeans________.A.helpingdriverssendatext.B.Knowingsomethingabout.C.tellingthecartodosomething.D.followingsomebodytoaplace.（3）Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus？A.Therewillbefewertrafficaccidentsinthefuture.B.Thecarsinthefuturewillbedesignedtobesafer.C.Driversshouldavoidbeingdistractedbyphonecalls.D.Peopleshouldcareaboutthesafetyofself﹣drivingcars.（4）Theauthorofthepassagebelievesthat_______.A."smartcars"willhaveabrightfutureB.thesafetyof"smartcars"willbeaworryC."smartcars"willtaketheplaceofcommoncarsD.weneedmoreexperiencetomakebetter"smartcars"4．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）Howdoyoufeelwhenyouhavetomakeaspeechinfrontofclass？Whataboutwhenyougotoabirthdayparty？Doyougetreallyshy？Shynessmeansfeelingafraidwhenyou'rearoundotherpeople.Doctorshavefoundthatmorethan80%middleschoolstudentsareafraidtobethecenterofattention.Somekidsarebornshy.Somebecomeshylaterbecauseoftheirlifeexperiences.It'sOKifittakesyouashorttimetofeelyourselfagainwhenyougotoanewplaceormeetnewpeople.Infact，everybodygetsalittleshysometimes.It'sjustacaseofhowmuch.Mostpeoplehaveredfacesandtalkinbrokensentenceswhentheygetshy.Butsomebecomesoshythattheywon'tgotoarestaurantbecausetheyaretooafraidtoorderandpayfortheirfood.Someareafraidofmeetingnewpeople，sotheynevergooutside.Thiskindofshynesscanbebadforaperson.Ifshynessdoesn'tstopfromdoingsomethingyouwanttodo，beingshyisn'taverybigproblem.Somedoctorssayshypeopleareclevererbecausetheythinkmoreandtalkless.Shypeoplearealsogoodatworkingwithothersbecausetheythinkmoreforotherpeople.Somegreatpeopleinhistorywereshy，too.Yousee，beingshyisn'tallbad.Butremembernottolosegoodchancesjustbecauseofit!IfyouhavetosingasongatabirthdaypartyorpracticeyourspokenEnglishinfrontofothers，justdoit!There'snothingtobeafraidof.（1）Whatkindofshynesscanbebadaccordingtothepassage？A.Youfindithardtoenjoyyourselfataparty.B.Youfeelalittleafraidwhenyougotoanewplace.C.Younevergooutsideandyouareafraidofmeetingnewpeople.D.Youhavearedfacewhenyouansweraquestioninclass.（2）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.kidsareallbornshyB.youcan'tchangeyourselfC.shypeoplearen'tgoodatworkingwithothersD.shypeoplecanalsodothingswell（3）What'sthebesttitleforthispassage？A.AreYouTooShy？B.ThinkMoreForOthers!C.FindOurWhatYou'reLike.D.ShynessAlwaysBringYouBigProblems.5．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）Today'sworldisfullofplasticproducts.Fromwaterbottlestocarparts.Wemakeplastictoys，toothbrushes，andshoppingbags.Plasticissousefulthatit'shardtoimaginelifewithoutit，butithasnotbeenaroundthatlong.Thefirstplasticwasinventedin1869.That'swhenAmericanJohnWesleyHyattmadeaformofplasticfromaplantmaterialcalledcellulose（纖維素）.Beforelong，hisdiscoverywasusedtomakecombs，eyeglasses，buttons，filmsandotherproducts.Inthe1900，petroleum（石油）productssuchasoilreplacedcellulose．Newkindsofplasticwerediscoveredinthe1950s.Andthat'swhentherealboombegan.Plasticquicklyreplacedpaper，glass，metalandwoodinagrowingnumberofproducts.In1960，theUnitedStatesmade6millionpoundsofplastic.By1988，theoutputhadgrownto50billionpounds.Thesedays，almost10percentoftheoilAmericanusedeveryyearisturnedintoplastic.That's2millionbarrelsofoiladay.Mostoftheplasticevermadestillexists（存在）.Unlikewood，metal，andpaper，plasticdoesn'tbreakdowneasily.Somepeoplethinkplasticwillneverbreakdown.Otherssayitmaytakefivehundredoronethousandyearstobreakdown.Nooneknowsforsurebecauseithasbeenaroundfortooshortatime.However，wedon'tkeepplasticproductsverylong.Weusethemandthrowthemaway．Onlyabout5percentofplasticisrecycled（回收利用）.Ahugeamountofitendsupstayingonthesurfaceoftheocean.Thenseabirds，seals，turtles，whalesandfisheatit.Scientistsoftenfindseaanimalsthathavediedfromhungerwiththeirstomachsfullofplastic.Andeverytimeitrains.Morerubbishfromcitystreetsarecarriedintothesea.Muchofthatrubbishisplastic.（1）Whenwasthefirstplasticinvented？A.In1869.B.In1900.C.In1960.D.In1988.（2）TheunderlinedwordboominParagraph3means？A.Hugechange.B.Suddengrowth.C.Newhistory.D.Greatinvention.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Plasticproductshavealonghistory.B.Hyattmadethefirstplasticproducts.C.Plasticproductslastalongtime.D.Plasticproductsstopanimalsfromeating.（4）WhatdoyouthinkthewriterwilltalkaboutnextinParagraph6？A.Reasonsaboutwhyweshoulduselessplastic.B.Criticisms（批評(píng)）onthosewhomakeandbuyplastic.C.Adviceforusingplasticintheenvironmentalfriendlyway.D.Differencebetweenusingplasticandothermaterials.6．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）Thisyearthemarathoninmyhometowntookplaceinthehottestmonth.Myjobwastofollowbehindtherunnerstoseeifanyofthemneededmedicalcare."Weshouldstaybehindthelastrunner，sotakeitslowly."Isaidtothedriver，Bob."Let'shopethatthelastrunnerisfast!'"Helaughed.Soonthefrontrunnersstartedtodisappear，andIsawawomaninawhiteT﹣shirt."Bob，look!"Weknewwewerealreadywatchingour"lastrunner".Shewasdifferentfromtheothersbecauseofherage."Ithinksheisover60，toooldforanysportsmatch.Howcanshefinishamarathon？"Bobsaid.Wewatchedquietlyassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittle，thenstopandwaitforher.Thenwewouldmovealittlebitmore.AsIwatchedhertrytoputonefootinfrontoftheother，Ifoundmyheartbeatingforher.Iwantedhertostop，butatthesametime，Ihopedthatshewouldn't.Soonshewastheonlyrunnerthatwecouldsee.Tearsrandownmyface.Shewassogreat!Forher，itwasn'taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningsomething：itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehaddecidedtodo.Laterinmylife，whenIthinkthingsaretoodifficult，Iwillthinkofthewoman﹣thelastrunner.Bytheway，shedidmakeittothefinishinglinethatday，whentheotherrunnersandthecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.（1）Accordingtothepassage，whatdoyouthinkthewritermightbe？A.Ateacher.B.Apoliceman.C.Adoctor.D.Asportsman.（2）Fromthepassage，weknowthat______.A.theauthorwasangrywiththelastrunnerB.theauthorlearnedsomethingfromthelastrunnerC.thelastrunnerdidn'tmakeittothefinishlineintheendD.somerunnersgaveupduringthematch（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.BeatingOthers.B.LearningFromOthers.C.AnExcitingMarathon.D.TheLastRunner.7．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）Howdoyoufeelwhenyouhavetomakeaspeechinfrontofclass？Whataboutwhenyougotoabirthdayparty？Doyougetreallyshy？Shynessmeansfeelingafraidwhenyou'rearoundotherpeople.Doctorshavefoundthatmorethan80%middleschoolstudentsareafraidtobethecenterofattention.Somekidsarebornshy.Somebecomeshylaterbecauseoftheirlifeexperiences.It'sOKifittakesyouashorttimetofeelyourselfagainwhenyougotoanewplaceormeetnewpeople.Infact，everybodygetsalittleshysometimes.It'sjustacaseofhowmuch.Mostpeoplehaveredfacesandtalkinbrokensentenceswhentheygetshy.Butsomebecomesoshythattheywon'tgotoarestaurantbecausetheyaretooafraidtoorderandpayfortheirfood.Someareafraidofmeetingnewpeople，sotheynevergooutside.Thiskindofshynesscanbebadforaperson.Ifshynessdoesn'tstopfromdoingsomethingyouwanttodo，beingshyisn'taverybigproblem.Somedoctorssayshypeopleareclevererbecausetheythinkmoreandtalkless.Shypeoplearealsogoodatworkingwithothersbecausetheythinkmoreforotherpeople.Somegreatpeopleinhistorywereshy，too.Yousee，beingshyisn'tallbad.Butremembernottolosegoodchancesjustbecauseofit!IfyouhavetosingasongatabirthdaypartyorpracticeyourspokenEnglishinfrontofothers，justdoit!There'snothingtobeafraidof.（1）Whatkindofshynesscanbebadaccordingtothepassage？A.Youfindithardtoenjoyyourselfataparty.B.Youfeelalittleafraidwhenyougotoanewplace.C.Younevergooutsideandyouareafraidofmeetingnewpeople.D.Youhavearedfacewhenyouansweraquestioninclass.（2）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.A.kidsareallbornshyB.youcan'tchangeyourselfC.shypeoplearen'tgoodatworkingwithothersD.shypeoplecanalsodothingswell（3）What'sthebesttitleforthispassage？A.AreYouTooShy？B.ThinkMoreForOthers!C.FindOurWhatYou'reLike.D.ShynessAlwaysBringYouBigProblems.8．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）NameCharacterDreamLikesAlicesmartandhonesttobeapolicewomanreadingbooksZhaoGangshyandquiettobeadoctorwatchingcartoonsAmygenerousandkindtobeasingerListeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsBenenergeticandathletictobeateacherswimmingandskating（1）Whatdoestheword"character"meaninChinese？A.家庭.B.性格.C.外貌.D.角色.（2）IfLilywantstogotoconcerts，shemaygotherewith________.A.AliceB.BenC.ZhaoGangD.Amy（3）It'sAlice'sbirthday.What'sthebestpresentforher？A.Books.B.CDs.C.Football.D.Skateboard.二．閱讀表達(dá)9．（2021北京四中七年級(jí)期中）In1969，amanwalkedontheMoonforthefirsttime.Afterthis，manypeoplethoughtthatspacetravelwouldbecometruebytheyear2000andthatweshouldallbespacetourists.However，herewearein2021andspacetravelisstilladreamformostofus.Itisarealityforonlyaveryfew，veryrich，people.Inthefuturetheremaybehotelsinspaceforallthetourists.Itwouldn'ttakelongforthespaceshuttletogetoutoftheEarth'satmosphere.Then，withoutEarth'sgravity，youwouldbecomeweightless.Arrivalatthehotelwouldbelikeanaeroplaneparkingatanairportbutyouwouldleavethecabin（座艙）floatingalongtheaccesstube，holdingontoacable.Onceinthehotel，youcanenjoytheviewsofEarthandspaceanddifferentactivitiesofbeingweightlessandyoucanalsodoaspace﹣walk.In2006，AnoushehAnsaribecamethefirstfemalespacetouristwhenshemadethetripfromRussiatotheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）.AnoushehstayedontheISSforeightdaysandkeptablog（anonlinediary）.Partsofblogareshownhere.September25thEveryonewantstoknow：howdoyoutakeashowerinspace？Howdoyoubrushyourteeth？Well，myfriends，Imustadmitkeepingcleaninspaceisnoteasy!Thereisnoshowerwithrunningwater.Waterdoesnot"flow'here，itfloats'﹣whichmakesitachallengingacttocleanyourself.September27thBeingweightlesshassomewonderfuladvantages.Youcanliftareallyheavyobjectwithonehandandmoveitaroundwithonefinger.Youcanflyorfloataroundinsteadofwalking.Everythingiseffortless.Ifyouwantsomebodytopassabookattheothersideofthespaceshiptoyou，hejustpushesitverygentlytowardsyou，andhereitis﹣﹣yourbookisflyingtoyoualltheway.（1）Isspacetraveladreamformostpeoplein2021？（2）Whatcanwedoonceweareinaspacehotel？（3）WhatdoesAnoushehthinkaboutherspacelifeaccordingtoherblog？10．（2021北京二中七年級(jí)期中）ThetraditionalChinesecalendardividestheyearinto24Solarterms（節(jié)氣）.TheywerecreatedthousandsofyearsagotoguideAgricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）production.ButtheSolartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople'slives.HerearefivethingsyoumightnotknowabouttheSummerSolstice，oneofthe24Solarterms.ThelongestdayoftheyearOntheSummerSolstice，daylightlaststhelongestofthewholeyearinthenorthernhemisphere（北半球）.HowlongisthelongestdayinChina？Accordingtosomeresearchers，thewholedayinMoheinHeilongjiangProvince（省），thesleeplesstownofChina，lastsnearly17hours．ApublicholidayTheSummerSolsticewasanimportantfestivalinancientChina.AsearlyastheHanDynasty（漢朝），whentheMid﹣AutumnFestivalandtheDoubleNinthFestivalwerenotasimportantastheyaretoday，theSummerSolsticewasalreadycelebrated.BeforetheQingDynastypeopleevenhadaone﹣dayholidayontheSummerSolstice.AnamazingsightEveryyearonthesummersolstice，thesunappearsto"standstill"andnotmovefurthernorth.Thentheamazing"uprightpolewithnoshadows（立桿不見影）"appearsinHaniautonomouscountyofMojiang，YunnanProvince.AfoodtraditionPeopleindifferentareasofShandongProvinceeatnoodlesontheSummerSolstice.OtherpeoplearoundChinaincludingthoseinBeijingalsohaveatraditionofeatingnoodlesontheSummerSolstice.AfunactivityPeopleinShaoxing，ZhejiangProvinceusuallyholddragonboatracesontheSummerSolsticeratherthanonDragonBoatFestivaltoday.ThistraditionwasstartedfromtheMingandQingDynasties.（1）IstheSolartermculturestillusefultoguidepeople'slivestoday？（2）HowlongdoesdaylightontheSummerSolsticelastinMohe？（3）WhendidpeoplestartcelebratingtheSummerSolstice？（4）HowdopeopleinShaoxing，ZhejiangProvincecelebratetheSummerSolstice？（5）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout？

參考答案1．【分析】本文主要是介紹了一項(xiàng)最新研究：讀過帶有人類角色的書的孩子會(huì)變得慷慨。如果目標(biāo)是教他們?nèi)绾巫稣_的事，那就要多看關(guān)于寫人類的書，而不是動(dòng)物擬人的故事書。【解答】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Beforetheyheardthestory，thechildrenchose10stickerstotakehome.Theyweretoldthatonechildwouldnothaveanystickerstotakehome.Itwassuggestedtothechildrenthattheycouldsharetheirstickerswiththeotherchildbyputtingtheminanenvelopewhentheadultwasnotlooking.Aftertheyhadbeenreadthestory，thechildrenwereallowedtochoosemorestickers.Theywereagainaskedtodonatetothestickerlesschild.在聽到這個(gè)故事之前，孩子們選擇了10張貼紙帶回家。他們被告知，有一個(gè)孩子沒有貼紙帶回家。有人建議孩子們可以在大人不注意的時(shí)候把他們的貼紙裝在信封里，與其他孩子分享。讀完故事后，孩子們可以選擇更多的貼紙。他們?cè)俅伪灰缶栀?zèng)給無貼紙的孩子。可知，科學(xué)家們給孩子們讀三個(gè)故事后，要求他們幫助另一個(gè)孩子。故選D。（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Ganeasaidthatstudiesshowthatyoungchildrenpickupmorefromstoriesthatarerealistic.But，"thisisthefirsttimewefoundsomethingsimilarforsocialbehaviors.Thefindingissurprisinggivenatmanystoriesforyoungchildrenhavehuman﹣likeanimals"saidGanea.甘尼亞說，研究表明，幼兒從真實(shí)的故事中學(xué)到的東西更多。但是，"這是我們第一次在社會(huì)行為中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的現(xiàn)象。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)令人驚訝，因?yàn)樵S多關(guān)于兒童的故事中都有類人動(dòng)物?？赏浦c現(xiàn)有的研究相比，Ganea的發(fā)現(xiàn)有更多的突破。故選D。（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)WriterTraceyCorderoysaidthatwhenthemaincharactersofataleareanimalsinsteadofhumans，itworkswell.Theslightdistancethatthisallowsthechilddoesanumberofimportantthings，shesaid.Itsoftensthemessagealittle，makingiteasiertoaccept，shesaid.Usinganimalskeepschildreninterested，shesaid.作家特蕾西?科德羅說："如果故事的主角不是人，而是動(dòng)物，那就很好。"她說，這種輕微的距離可以讓孩子做很多重要的事情。她說，這讓信息變得柔和一些，更容易被接受。她說，使用動(dòng)物能讓孩子們保持興趣。以及Hewasnotbothered（煩擾）bythestudy'sfindings.Writersandartistsjustneedtokeepthemainanimalcharactersintheirstoriescuddly（惹人喜愛的），hesaid.他并沒有被這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果所困擾。他說，作家和藝術(shù)家只需要把故事中的主要?jiǎng)游锝巧３值每蓯劬托辛?。以及Thingsmaynotcomethiswayinwriters'mind.在作家的腦海中，事情可能不會(huì)這樣發(fā)展?？赏浦瘯骷覀兟牭竭@項(xiàng)研究后，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為讓故事變得有趣是最重要的。故選C。（4）D.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)Forgetthelessonsthatchildrenhavelearnedfromstoriesofthetortoiseandthehare.Children'swriterAesopwouldhavehadagreatereffectwithhisfables（寓言）ifhehadusedhumancharacters.Atleastthatiswhatanewstudyfound.忘掉孩子們從烏龜和兔子的故事中學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)吧。兒童作家伊索寓言如果使用了人類角色，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的影響。至少一項(xiàng)新研究是這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)的。以及Shethoughtthatchildren'swritersshouldknowaboutthestudy.Wetellstoriestochildrenformanyreasons，shesaid.Ifthegoalistoteachthemamoral（品德）lessonaboutdoingwhatisright，onewayistowriteabouthumans，shesaid.她認(rèn)為兒童作家應(yīng)該知道這項(xiàng)研究。我們給孩子講故事有很多原因，她說。她還說，如果目標(biāo)是教他們?nèi)绾巫稣_的事，一個(gè)方法是寫關(guān)于人類的東西。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是介紹了一項(xiàng)最新研究：讀過帶有人類角色的書的孩子會(huì)變得慷慨。如果目標(biāo)是教他們?nèi)绾巫稣_的事，那就要多看關(guān)于寫人類的書，而不是動(dòng)物擬人的故事書。D選項(xiàng)"兒童讀物需要改變。"符合主題，故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】做題時(shí)首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。2．【分析】文章介紹一位父親通過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教會(huì)兒子如何面對(duì)生活中遇到的問題。【解答】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)John'sfatherpatientlylistentohim.Thenhebringsabowlandplacesapotato，aneggandsomecoffeebeansinit.HeasksJohntotouchandfeeleachoftheminthebowl，andtellwhathefeelsaboutthemJohndescribeshowhefeelsabouteachofthemontouching.約翰的父親耐心地聽他說話。然后他拿了一個(gè)碗，放了一個(gè)土豆，一個(gè)雞蛋和一些咖啡豆在里面。他讓約翰觸摸并感覺碗里的每一個(gè)，并告訴他對(duì)它們的感覺。約翰描述了他觸摸它們時(shí)的感覺?？芍s翰哭之后，他父親帶他做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來教他如何面對(duì)生活中的問題。故選C。（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)thecoffeebeanshavechangedtheirform（形式）completelyduringtheirtestingtimeintheboilingwater.在沸水測試中咖啡豆完全改變了它們的形態(tài)?？芍狣項(xiàng)符合文意。故選D。（3）A.理解判斷題。根據(jù)ListeningtoJohn，hisfathersmilesandtellshimhowthepotato，egg，andcoffeebeansreactto（反應(yīng)）badsituations.聽著約翰的話，他的父親笑著告訴他土豆、雞蛋和咖啡豆面對(duì)糟糕的情況會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。可推知沸水指的是糟糕的情況，也就像約翰遇到的問題。故選A。（4）B.理解判斷題。根據(jù)ListeningtoJohn，hisfathersmilesandtellshimhowthepotato，egg，andcoffeebeansreactto（反應(yīng)）badsituations.聽著約翰的話，他的父親笑著告訴他土豆、雞蛋和咖啡豆面對(duì)糟糕的情況會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)?？芍髡呦敫嬖V我們面對(duì)困境和問題不同的反應(yīng)會(huì)有不同的結(jié)果。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，瞻前顧后，認(rèn)真辨析選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)推敲，確定最佳答案。3．【分析】本文主要介紹了兩輪電