聽(tīng)力真題1-74第四套答案在每篇之后另外原文中標(biāo)的數(shù)字表示對(duì)應(yīng)第幾所

第四答案在每篇原文之后，另外原文中標(biāo)的數(shù)字，表示對(duì)應(yīng)第幾題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文WhydoesthewomangotoseetheTodiscusstheresultsofasurveyhehasToaskforadviceonhowtocollectToaskforanexnationofaresearchprojecttheclassToaskformoretimetocompletehisresearchWhatisthetopicofthewoman'sAproposaltobuildanewhighwayontheedgeofnstochangethehousenumbersalongRoutenstobuildmorehousesnexttoRouteAproposaltomakeRoute62WhydoestheprofessormentionToillustratetheimportanceoffindingarepresentativeToillustratewhythemanwillneedonlyasmallToexinwhysomeareasoftownaremorecrowdedthanToexinthedisadvantageofrelyingonlyonWhatdoestheprofessorsuggestthewomanSpeaktoasmanypeoplewholivenearRoute62asFindsomesamplesofsurveysattheGetinformationfromthe todecidewhomtoPassoutquestionnairesthatpeoplewillreturnbyWhatdoestheprofessormeanwhenhesaysthis:（缺乏數(shù)據(jù)，位置為推測(cè)It'saboutmytermpaperoftheurbannningclass.Insteadofnglibraryresearch,Iwasthinkingofngasurveyofmyownandusingthedatainthereport.That'sanniceideaIthinkngthiskindofhands-onprojectisgreatexperienceespeciallyifyoudecidedtogotograduateschool.也有可能是后面的Well,youmightaswellgetsomeexperiencesoonerwellthan33ewtlater，答案一樣。-Ithinkngthiskindofhands-onprojectisgreatexperience,especiallyifyoudecidedtogotograduateschool.ThewomanshouldnotchangeherThewomanhaslittletimetofinishtheThewomanshouldhavespokenwithherThewomanneedsmoreexperienceatwritingtraditionalListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.OK,Karl.HowcouldIhelpyou?It'saboutmytermpaperoftheurbannningclass.(1)Insteadofnglibraryresearch,Iwasthinkingofngasurveyofmyownandusingthedatainthereport.(直接根據(jù)此句，或者結(jié)合本文主要討論的是如何收集數(shù)據(jù)使得數(shù)據(jù)更有代表性-representativeB)That'sanniceidea.Ithinkngthiskindofhands-onprojectisgreatexperience,especiallyifyoudecidedtogotograduateschool.ButIhavebeenhavingalotofproblemsdesigningasurvey.Ah,it'snotaseasyasitlooks,isit?No.NowIamnotevensureifIcanstickwithmynorswitchbacktoamoretraditionalpaper.Well,youmightaswellgetsomeexperiencesoonerwellthan33ewtlater.What'sthetopic(2)Nothingreallycomplex.Ijustwantedtosurveylocalpeopleabouttheproposalforwideningroute62fromatwo-laneroadtoafour-lanehighway.（widening,2-laneto4-lane這些聽(tīng)D，Aontheedgeoftown）SodoIgoaboutselectingthepeopleIwanttosurvey?AlotofwhatIreadhavestresshavingarepresentativesample.ButI'mnotsurehowtodoit.Well,yes.Arepresentativesampleiscrucial.Youwantthepeopleyousurveytobeasclosetoanaccuratereflectionofthelargerpopulationyouareinterestedinaspossible3)Imaginethatthetownasacakewithraisinsinitandimaginethatforsomereason,mostoftheraisinsendupononesideofthecakeIfyoucutapiecefromtheothersidewouldthatbetrulyrepresentativeWouldthatbeanaccuratereflectionofthecake?（CAKErepresentative的重要性，如果一刀切正好切得全部有raisins的一端，就沒(méi)有代表性）Exactly!Soforyourproject,whatifyouonlysurveypeoplewholiveinhousesalongroute62,youthinkthatwouldbeuseful?Well,no.BecauseeveryonetherewouldprobablybeopposedtotheYes.Andthat'swhyarepresentativesampleisimportant.Youdon'twantasamplethat'sbiased,toostronglyonewayortheother.So,howdoyoudothat?Well,Icouldmakesuremysurveyreachespeopleinallpartsofthetown.Good.Sohowcanyoudothat?Well,I'llgoandmakephonecalls,justchoosenumbersatrandomfromthelocalphonedirector.Insteadofpassingonquestionnares,becausepeopleoftendon't??ButIdon'tseehowIchjouldgetarepresentativesampleusingthephone.(4)Well.Makesureyou'regettinganicebalanceofnumbers.Phone canlyouwhatnumbershavebeenassignedtodifferentpartsoftown.Forexample,fornumbersinmyneighborhood,thatwasa256andIliveontheedgeoftown,whereIguessyou'dfindalotofpro-highwaypeople.Somakesureyoudon'tcallmostly256numbers.（公司熟悉開(kāi)頭號(hào)碼與地區(qū)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，防止都打一些區(qū)域的人的，使得數(shù)據(jù)不具有代表性，對(duì)應(yīng)C）答案 DAC第一題：關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)獲取的問(wèn)題，如要有代表 representative，隨機(jī)打要避免的問(wèn)等，B對(duì)。Aresults，這里是討論實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該如何設(shè)計(jì)和因?yàn)殡y度大的時(shí)候，學(xué)生想放棄想switch的時(shí)候，教授還說(shuō)有好處，暗示她不用變。A對(duì)。L1（此篇在17年1月14日已，但還有一定的練習(xí)價(jià)值WhatisthelecturemainlyUnusualfeaturesofmeltingEffectsofoceancurrentsonglacierAnunconventionalresearchAnenvironmentalproblemcausedbylargeWhydoestheprofessormention involvingacargoshipinthePacificTopointoutthemainweaknessofflotsamToexintheoriginsofflotsamToemphasizetheongoingneedforflotsamToprovideanexampleofhowflotsamsciencebenefitsAccordingtotheprofessor，whatwerescientistsabletoidentifyinPacificOceancurrentsasaresultofflotsamscienceLong-termchangesintemperatureandsaltFluctuationsinthegrowthofTherelationshipbetweenoceandepthandwaterHowwindsaffectwaterspeedandWhydoestheprofessormentionorganismsthatthriveintheupperportionsoftheTocontrastglacialmeltwaterwithoceanTodiscussalimitationofacertaintypeofscientificToindicateanewresearchareatowhichflotsamsciencecanToprovideanexampleofhowoceancurrentsaffectwaterAccordingtotheprofessor，whyhasonescientistusedtoyduckstostudymoulinsClickon2answers.TheycanwithstandcoldtemperaturesandhighTheydonotharmtheTheycanbeeasilyequippedwithelectronicmeasuringTheyareveryWhydoestheprofessorsayOnescientistsetouttodeterminewheremeltwaterfromaglacierinGreenlandendsup.Itwasintheneighboringbodyofwater！Toexpresssurpriseat eofanToadmittonotknowinghowtoanswertheresearcher'sToquestionaflawedassumptionmadebythe原ListentopartofalectureinanEarthscienceOK.Beforewefinishclass,I'dliketobrieflytalkaboutsomethingelse.Hasanyoneeverheardofsomethingcalledflotsamscience?No?I'mnotsurprised.It'saresearchmethod,butoneofthemoreunusualonesoutthere.Now,flotsam,ofcourse,referstocargoorrecordsfromshipthatfloatingtowasheduponshore.Flotsamsciencebeganquiteaccidentallysomeyearsago,whenashipmentofsticbathtoys,shapedlike,ducksandturtlesfelloffacargoshipintothePacificOceaninstormyweather.Noonethoughttoomuchaboutthis,ithappensallthetime.Butthenthesetoysstartedtowashupontobeaches,thousandsofaway.Scientistswhotrackoceancurrentswereexciting,sincetheyknewwhenandwherethathadoccurred,theyrealizetheycouldtracetheroutesthesetoyswouldhavetakeniftheyfloatedthroughthePacific.Soflotsamscienceis,generallyspeaking,thescienceoffloatingjunk.（背景題，借前面說(shuō)的情況引出說(shuō)flotsam是漂浮的科學(xué)，顯然B，其余無(wú)體現(xiàn)）ButthisislegitimateifperhapsunconventionalscientificdisciplineInfactthankstoflotsamscienceandthesetravellingbathtoysandotherharmlessstuffthatdroppedoffshipslikeathleticshoes,sportsequipment,younameit.Scientistsnowknowalotmorethantheyusedto,aboutthecurrentsinthenorthernPacific.Thatinformation,inturn,hasallowedscientiststoidentifylongtermchangesinwatertemperatureandsalinity,theamountofsaltinthewaterinthesecurrents.Beforeflotsamsciencescientistshavebeentryingtodeterminetheseinformationforyearsbyusingexpensivescientificdevicesthattheywouldsetadriftintheocean.Butthereareproblemswiththesedevices.Foronething,theyneedtotravelagreatdepth,asmuchastwokilometersdown,becauseiftheyrideonthesurfaceoftheocean,theirsensescouldbeobstructedbyalgaeotherorganismthatthriveinthesun-litportionoftheocean.Butiftheytravelwaybelowthesurfacetoavoidtheseobstructions,well,theydon'tlyoumuchaboutsurfacemovementofthewater,whichiswhatwewanttoknow.（4,過(guò)去的裝置如果太淺會(huì)遇到海藻，如果太深，無(wú)法使得水流表面的運(yùn)動(dòng)，海藻的存在是過(guò)去裝置的問(wèn)題之一，故選A）problemisthatthebatteriesdon'tlastlongenoughtorecordthesophisticateddata,butbathtoys,athleticshoes,thatsortofthing,theytravelonthesurface,andtheydon'tneedbatteriesAndalotofmerchandisethatfallsoffships,likeathleticshoeshavemanufacturingcodesonthemthescientistsuseintracingtheoriginoftheseobjects,andkeetrackoftheirmovements.（講過(guò)去（flotsamscienceoceancurrents以外方面應(yīng)用）Andnow,scientistsareusingflotsamscienceformorethanstudyingoceancurrents.Forexample,somescientistsaretryingtouseflotsamsciencetostudyglacialmeltwaterInthewarmersummermonth,icefromthetoplayerofglaciermelts,formingpoolsofmeltwater.Sofar,it'sbeenachallengetodeterminejusthowmuchiceoftheglaciermeltsinthesummerorwherethemeltwaterendsupbecauseittravelsthroughmoulins.Amoulinisagiantcrackintheglacierthatmeltwaterdrainsthroughandoncemeltwaterentersthemoulin,itisextremelydifficulttotrack.6)OnescientistsetouttodeterminewheremeltwaterfromaglacierinGreenlandendsup.Itwasintheneighboringbodyofwater！SowhatdidscientistsdidistosetaspecialscientificinstrumentequippedwithatrackingdevicedownthemoulininGreenland'slargestglacier.Unfortunay,thisratherexpensivedevicedisappeared.（用小黃鴨玩具來(lái)作為工具）OK,sowhatelsecouldbeused?Nowyouhavetorealizethatconditionsinsidethemoulinsareintense,it'szingcold,plusthere'sahighpressurefromthewayofallthaticeabove.Sowhatwasneedwassomethingreallydurable.Hefinallydecidedtouseyellowrubberduck,achildrenbathtoy.(5-1，對(duì)應(yīng)D)Theiradvantagebeingthemostcheap,and(5-2，對(duì)應(yīng)A)standhighpressureandlowtemperature.Well,afterprintinghis address,andofferarewardinthreedifferentlanguagesontheduck,hedropped90ofthemdownthemoulinhewasresearching.Nowhehasn'tactuallyhadanyoftheseducksreturnedyet,butheremainshopefulthatsomeonewillfindtheduckandreturntohim.答案 A 解析見(jiàn)文章標(biāo)的對(duì)應(yīng)的題號(hào)地方。如（2）表示第二題對(duì)應(yīng)的地方。第一題，本文講的是flotsamcence-用海洋“”來(lái)研究oceancurrents和其他領(lǐng)域（如本文講到的冰川融化后的流向等問(wèn)題方法，是一種非傳統(tǒng)的研究方法，C雖然籠統(tǒng)，但無(wú)錯(cuò)，故選C。WhatisthelecturemainlyaboutClickon2Hassam'sinfluenceonswhoimmigratedtotheUnitedAnaspectofHassam'sbodyofworkthatdistinguishedhimfromotherImpressionistpaintersintheUnitedStatesAcriticalperiodinHassamrisetoprominenceasanImpressionistRelationshipsbetweentheelementsinsomeofHassam'swhatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhediscussestheIndustrialManyEuropeanImpressionistsimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesduringthisGrowingpopulationsincitiesledtoanincreasedconsumerdemandforU.S.ImpressionistswantedtheirpaintingstoofferrelieffromcertainaspectsofcityManyU.S.Impressionistspermanentlymovedtothecountrysidewhenthecitiesgotwhatistheprofessor'sattituderegardingthepaintingsthatHassammadeonAppledoreHethinkstheyaremoreinterestingthanHassamfsNewYorkCityHeissurprisedthattheydonotincludemoreHeisimpressedbyhowmanyofthemthereHedoubtsthattheywereactuallypainted4Accordingtotheprofessor,howdoesHassamunitetheimagesinhispaintingTheBreakfastRoom,WinterMorningClickon2BycingthemtosuggestthepresenceofageometricByreflectingsunlightoffofinteriorByincludingnaturalobjectsfromtheoutdoorsinanindoorBystrategicallyrepeatingtheuseofcertainAccordingtotheprofessor,whatideadoesHassamsuggestbyobscuringtheFlatironBuildingbehindacurtaininTheBreakfastRoom，WinterMorningTheneedtocontroltheextenttowhichmodernityinvadespeople'sThe sdrivingNewYorkCity'sThechallengeofearningalivinginabigThedifficultyofmaintainingasenseofpermanenceinachangingwhatdoestheprofessormeanwhenhesaysIndeedthetheoriesofpaintingswasdirectlyresponsetohisexperienceofurbangrowthandallthatissymbolized.Hecouldn'thavepaintedthebreakfastroomintheruralmidwest.Itwouldn'thavebeenthesamepainting.Thenudedcityhasasourceofinspiration.-Hecouldn'thavepaintedthebreakfastroomintheruralmidwest.Itwouldn'thavebeenthesameThemidwestemUnitedStateswasnotvisuallyinterestingtomostImpressionistTheeffectofsunlightonpainters'subjectsvariessignificantlyfromcetoHassamwasstronglyinfluencedbyhisenvironmentwhenhepaintedTheBreakfastHassamreliedonfeedbackfromotherNewYork stoimprovehisInourstudiesofimpressionism,we'vealreadyseenhowtheoutdoors..em…h(huán)owoutdoorsettingsandnaturalsubjectsfigureprominentlyinEuropeanimpressionistpaintingsofthe19thcentury.Natureandnaturallandscapeswerekeytothe'snewresourceoflightandcolorwhichcesanemphasisonthe'simpressions,whattheactuallysawindifferentlightconditionsratherthanonidealized?ofcesandscenes.ButthesearetheonlysubjectsweseeinthepaintingsofChildHasome.HasomewasoneofthemostimportantimpressionistpaintersintheUnitedStates.Hewasuniquefor…em…h(huán)isbodyofworkrepresentsareallyinterestingdichotomyofbothruralandurbanelements.（ChildHasome的Now,don'tgetmewrong,likethebestmajorityofimpressionists,Hasomedidpaintmanyruraloutdoorthings.Butthecity,especiallyNewYorkcitywereintomanyofhisworktoo.Yousee,imagineimpressionismdevelopedduringtheindustrialageaverydynamictimeinUShistory,thelate1800s,early1900s.Everythingwaschanging,howpeoplelive,wheretheylive,theirjob.Increasingnumbersofpeoplefromthroughouttheworldimmigratedheretofillthenewfactoryjob,andnaturally,theyflockedtothebigcitieswherethosejobswereSothecitiesgrewverynoisyandcrowded.（講工業(yè)化時(shí)代的社會(huì)變化）Most（C.H的風(fēng)格對(duì)比）oftheearlyimpressionistsreactedtothisusinganarttocounter(對(duì)抗，中和城市環(huán)境，即引入自然，農(nóng)村的成分)thebusyurbanenvironment.Incontrast,allthesechangeandcommersion,theirpaintingsemphasisnature,peace,andpermanent.Manyofthese smaintainstudios（成立畫(huà)室）inNewYorkcityorBoston,buttheyweresummonedinthecountryside.Andthesespotswereidealfortheiropen-airstylepainting,paintingoutsidewithnaturallighting.Hasomespentmostofhissummeronupperdoorisland.UpperdoorislandwasapopularvacationspotoftheeastcoastSopopularitgotalmostascrowdedasacity.(其他畫(huà)家在紐約成立，C.H夏天在一個(gè)島上)YetHasome'supperdoorpaintingsemphasissolitudearetreatfromurbanlifeWeseeflowers,theoceanareinhivitableluckyquizwithhumansubjectslargelyabsentwhichisartconsideringhowitmighthavebeensurroundedbypeople.Becausebackinthecity,Hasomedidfocusonpeoplehispaintingsofcitylifeorrealisticstudiesoftherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthecity.ThegreatestexamplesareseriesofpaintingsmadeinhisNewYorkcitystudio.Let'shavealookatonepiecefromthatseries,thebreakfastroomwentthroughmorning.Asyoucansee,thebreakfastroomisdistinctivelyurban,itdoesn'thidethecity.Youcanmakeupthetracesoftallbuilding,theflatironbuilding,oneofNewYorkfirstskyscraperandthemajorfeatureofthecityskyline,uhn…,whenthispaintingwasmade.Infact,theflatironbuildingwasconsideredasymbolofmodernrise.SoitsinclusioninthisquietdomesticsceneissignificantIthinkevenmoresignificantishowHasome andwhere.NoticeonHasometiestheinteriorandexteriorelementstogether.First,thereisanimpliedtriangleformedbythewomanontheleft,theflatironbuildinginthecentreandtheboweloffruitontheright,threecorners.(4-1)Bystructuringthesceneinthisway,Hasomelinksthewomanandherimmediateenvironmenttothecityscapebehindher.Emm….???(4-2)thesamethingwithcolor,theblueinthewoman'sdressisechoedintheflatironbuilding,andbeyondintheflowers,it'sthesameyellowasthebuildingisattheextremelight.Thisuseofcolormakesyoureyeautomaticallylinkdis…elementstogether.(這段先講了C.H的畫(huà)Upperdoorislandstructurecolor兩個(gè)大點(diǎn)，極容易出多選題Yetwellthecityisvisibleisalsocontrolled.Thebuildingsandskylinearepaintedwithnudedcoolcolorswhilethewoman'sinwardglanceandwindowskeepthefocusinsidetheroom,creatingaseparationfromthebustlingcityoutside5)SoHasomeiseconologingthechangesofmodernitybyincorporatingthecityintoaquietdomesticscenebutheobscuretheflatironbuildingbehindthecurtain.Infact,thewholecityscapeismurky,suggestingthatisthepresenceofpeople's livesortobelimited.HeisprobablyexpressinghisownideasabouthowsocietyshouldrelatetothisnewIndeedthetheoriesofpaintingswasdirectlyresponsetohisexperienceofurbangrowthandallthatissymbolized.Hecouldn'thavepaintedthebreakfastroomintheruralmidwest.Itwouldn'thavebeenthesamepainting.Thenudedcityhasasourceofinspiration.（C.H的在島上quietdomestic答案：BDCBADA第一題：本文講了工業(yè)化的背景下，C.H的畫(huà)作既有城市風(fēng)格又有農(nóng)村風(fēng)格，是distinctive，和其他一般的印象主義派畫(huà)家只有農(nóng)村自然風(fēng)格不一樣。A說(shuō)C.H對(duì)其他人的影響，導(dǎo)致別人的變化，不對(duì)，CC.H成名的關(guān)鍵的歷史時(shí)期，不對(duì)。B說(shuō)與眾不同之間即distinctive的，D-RelationshipsbetweentheelementsinsomeofHassam'spaintings表示他的畫(huà)作同時(shí)體現(xiàn)了不同的elements，對(duì)。第二題：Mostoftheearlyimpressionistsreactedtothisbyusinganarttocounter(對(duì)抗，中和城certainaspectsofcitylife即對(duì)此的轉(zhuǎn)述。Relief此處第三題：YetHasome'supperdoorpaintingsemphasissolitudearetreatfromurbanlifeWeflowers,theoceanareinevitablyluckyquizwithhumansubjectslargelyabsentwhichisartconsideringhowitmighthavebeensurroundedbypeople.這里說(shuō)withhumansubjectslargelyabsent，所以B對(duì)，其余均不對(duì)。根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)亦可以猜出答案，此處講的是自然風(fēng)格（即沒(méi)第四題：倒數(shù)第二題強(qiáng)調(diào)structurecolor兩個(gè)大點(diǎn)，分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和DC，請(qǐng)注意這里的內(nèi)部和外部指建筑物內(nèi)部和外部，并非指自然，關(guān)于echo除了回聲外的另外一種解釋是somethingsuchasafeatureorquality)thatrepeatsorresemblessomethingelse，并非指B的反第五題：SoHasomeiseconologingthechangesofmodernitybyincorporatingthecityintoaquietdomesticscenebutheobscuretheflatironbuildingbehindthecurtain.Infact,thewholecityscapeismurky,suggestingthatisthepresenceofpeople's allivesortobelimited.Heisprobablyexpressinghisownideasabouthowsocietyshouldrelatetothisnew??.Indeedthetheoriesofpaintingswasdirectlyresponsetohisexperienceofurbangrowthandallthatissymbolized.畫(huà)中傳達(dá)了他對(duì)工業(yè)化社會(huì)的看法和思考，A對(duì)。第六題：在中西部（鄉(xiāng)村為主，與紐約構(gòu)成鮮明對(duì)比）創(chuàng)作不出來(lái)這樣的畫(huà)，只有在約這樣的大都市才hasasourceofinspiration，到他的畫(huà)作，CWhatistheconversationmainlyAproject ongoingconstructionprojectsonImagesneededtoupdateauniversityWhythemanpreferstousestudentphotographersratherthanaWhatistheman'sattitudetowardthewoman'photographsClickon2answersHeissurprisedthattheywerenottakenmoreHeisdisappointedbecausetheyshowonlytheexteriorofHeiscuriousaboutthetypeoflenssheusedtotakeHeisimpressedbytheirprofessionalWhyisthewomaninterestedinphotographingbuildingsonTofulfillagraduationToincreaseherchancesoffindingToearnextracreditinherarchitecturalphotographyTopracticeusinghernewcameraWhatdoesthemanimplyabouttheItissoldatadiscounttoprospectiveIttooktwoyearstoItisusedtohelprecruitstudentstotheItincludesphotographsofstudentactivitiesWhatdoesthemansayabouttheItisnotItappliestoprofessionalphotographersItwassetbyauniversityItcanbeextendedfortheListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaneditorinthedepartmentofuniversitypublications.Hi,Mr.Miller.I'mJenniferJohnson.Ah,yes,Jennifer.Thanksforstopby.IgottwosandthephotosattachedcamethroughasGreat.Didyoulike(2-1)Yeah,they'reveryandsomeareshotfromveryeye-catchingangle.You'reobviouslyverycomfortablebehindthelens.（eye-catchingangle贊美之詞，You'reobviouslyverycomfortablebehindthelens意思類(lèi)似于你擅長(zhǎng)拍攝，非常自如）But,youknowwhenIfirstlookedatthem,thelibraryhasanewentryrightnowtheengineeringlabistwiceasbig.Whendidyoutakethese?About2yearsago,foraclassonarchitecturalphotography.ForthefinalprogramIshotphotosofsomecampusbuildings.Wehavesuchgorgeousarchitecturehere(2-2)Ok,nowIsee.Yeah,therehavebeensomuchnewconstructionsandre-constructionshereinthelastcoupleofyears,buildingsexpansionandsoon.Right.ThiscehaschangedaYousee.(2-2)Weneedourguidebooktoreflectthewaythecampuslooksnow(要是現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去的不行，對(duì)應(yīng)A),that'sonereasonwhywe'rengthisrevision.Wewanttomakesurethephotosofeachcampusbuilding.Wewantinteriorandexteriotshot,shotsofstudentsstudyingorparticipatingprojectsofthelabandniceareashotoftheuniversity.SoundsYouknow,wealmosthireaprofessionaltotakethearchitecturalshot,aphotographerweusedinthepast.Butthistime,Ithoughtit'dbenicetoprovidetheopportunitytophotographystudents.You'remajoringinphotographyright?Yeah.Andaftergraduation,Iwanttoshootpicturesforabigarchitecturalfirmoranarchitecturalmagazinemaybe.(3)SowhenprofessorHowardtoldusthatyou'relookingforpicturesofthecampusitseemlikeachanceto??formyportfolio,youknow（portfolio類(lèi)似于找攝影工作時(shí)，公司有時(shí)需要參考求職者的作品集，對(duì)應(yīng)第三題B-有利于找工作）.It'sdefiniygoodtogettoworkinanofficialuniversitypublication.Employersareimpressedbyfullcolor,high-profilestuff.Theguidebook'shigh-Sureis.It'susedonlinebythousandsofprospectivestudentsandtheirparentsandwe'vebeen??printedversiontocollegefairs.4)Formanyhighschoolstudents,it'stheirfirstin-depthlookatourCool.SoI'llreshootthosetwobuildings,thelabandthelibrary.Anddoyouwanttophotographyanythingelse?We'regoingtoreceallthearchitecturalshots,soreallyanythingthatexcitesafancy.Butthemissingdeadlineis5o'clocktomorrow.Youcanmeifyouwant.Tomorrow?IhaveclassesallHmm,Iunderstand5)Iguessthere'resomereallygreatshots,Icanbealittleflexible（時(shí)間上更flexible5點(diǎn)前交）JusttrytogetthemassoonasyoucanOK?Certainlyfortheendofthenextweek.答案：CADBC第一題It'sdefiniygoodtogettoworkinanofficialuniversitypublication.等多處提到是為了一publication。C對(duì)。B錯(cuò)在ongoingconstructionprojects。見(jiàn)原文標(biāo)注處。關(guān)于C，C說(shuō)想知道機(jī)用的什么鏡頭，沒(méi)有WhatisthemainpurposeoftheTocomparethebehaviorsofthreedifferentbearToexaminechangestothehabitatinwhichpolarbearsTodiscussrecentinsightsintopolarbearToillustrateanewmethodof ysisusedinclimateWhydidtheresearchersthattheprofessormentionsusemitochondrialDNAfortestinginsteadofnuclearDNA?MitochondrialDNAhasamorestablestructurethannuclearDNAMitochondrialDNAhasashapethatismoreeasilyidentifiablethanthatofnuclearMitochondrialDNAispresentinlargertiesincellsthannuclearMitochondrialDNAysisisabetter-understoodresearchtoolthannuclearDNAWhatpointdoestheprofessormakeaboutbrownTheynowcomparewithpolarbearsforfood-andTheyaretheancestorsofpolarTheyfacethesameenvironmentalthreataspolarTheirjawbonescanbeeasilydistinguishedfromthoseofpolarAccordingtotheprofessor,whatdoresearchersbelieveabouttheSvalbardPolarbearsfirstcameintoexistenceasaspeciesontheTheseparateislandswereoncejoinedtogetherinasinglelargeInterbreedingbetweenpolarbearsandaspeciesofbrownbearoccurredontheTheislandsprovidedarefugeforpolarbearsduringanancientwarmingWhatdoestheprofessorimplywhenshediscussesthecurrentwarmingTheconsequencesofthecurrentwarmingperiodwillnotbeasseriousasmostscientistsThecurrentwarmingperiodisprogressingmoreslowlythanpreviouswarmingArctictemperaturestodayaresimilartotemperaturesduringpreviouswarmingThefastpaceofthecurrentwarmingperiodwillthreatenpolarbears'long-termListenagaintopartofthelecture.Thenanswerthe“YouseeitseemsthatgrizzlybearsinCanadahavebeenmovingnorthward,intrudingonthepolarbear'sterritory.Thisisactuallythefirsttimethatwe'veseensuchahybridinthewild,butit'spossiblethathybridizationcouldoccurmoreandmorefrequently,resultinginincreasingnumbersofoffspringthatcannolongerbeconsideredtruepolarbears.Andifthatpattern time,well...”Whydoestheprofessorimplywhenshesaysbutit'spossiblethathybridizationcouldoccurmoreandmorefrequently,resultinginincreasingnumbersofoffspringthatcannolongerbeconsideredtruepolarbears.Andifthatpatternovertime,ThesizeofthegrizzlybearpopulationwillsoonThefutureofthepolarbearasadistinctspeciesmightbeatHybridizationhasalreadydiminishedthepolarbearpopulationwithinashortperiodofHybridspeciesdonotadaptwelltosuddenchangesinthePolarbearsinhabittheArctic,ontheouterperimetersoftheseaice.tobeexact.Whenpolarbeardie,theirbonesalmostalwaysendupdeepdownontheflooroftheicyArcticOcean.Theybasicallydisappearforever.Recently,however,apolarbear'sjawbonewasfoundwithintheArcticCircle,onanislandinNowaySvalbardarchipelago.Thisboneheldinavaluableinformationregardingthepolarbear'srevolutionarypast.Forinstance,exactlyhowlongthepolarbearhasexistedasaspecieshasbeenamatterofwilddebate.Soresearcherstooktheopportunitytoperformdatingysesonthebone,andalsotoyzeitsDNA.Thebonewasdeterminedtobeabout120,000yearsold,andtheDNAysisestablishedthatitwasindeedtheboneofapolarbearNowinordertomapoutthepolarbear'sgeneticprofile,researchersperformedmitochondrialDNAysis.UsuallywhenwethinkofDNA,wethinkoftheDNAthat'sincell'snucleus,butinfactacellmitochondriaalsocontainDNAInthisparticularsituation,mitochondrialDNAysismademoresensethannuclearDNAysis.YourememberfromapreviouslecturethatamitochondrionistheenergyproducingstructureIncells,right?(2，請(qǐng)注意下面這句話(huà)這里說(shuō)的是mitochondrionnucleus穩(wěn)定，并非mitochondrionDNA更穩(wěn)定)Well,ithasamuchmorestablestructurethananucleus.That'sadistinctadvantagewhenyou'reinvestigatingancientdelicatesamples.(2Additionally，這點(diǎn)講到一個(gè)細(xì)胞里的mitochondriaDNA)Additionally,there'reupto1,000mitochondriawithinasinglecellButthereareonlytwocopiesofnuclearDNAwithinacellThisabundanceofsamplesmakesmitochondrialDNAysisamucheasierprocedure.(3)Asfarasgeneticsandancestryareconcerned,we'velongbeenawarethatpolarbearsareyoungspecies,evolutionarilyspeaking,andthattheybranchedofffrombrownbears（brownbears分brownbears為其祖先）Butthisjawbonefossilhashelpedusbetterestimatewhenthatsplittingoffprobablyoccurred（何時(shí)分化為新的物種）.Bytheway,aspartoftheirinvestigation,researchers,studiedauniquegeographicallyisolatedgroupofmodernbrownbearslivinginsoutheasternAlaska.Itturnsoutthesebrownbearshavegenesthatresembledpolarbeargenesmorethantheyresembledthegenesofotherbrownbears.AnywaythejawbonefossilappearstohavecomefromapolarbearthathadlivedshortlyafterWellhistoricallyspeakingthatis,shortlyafterpolarbearsagreedtosplitinfoadifferentspecies.Andwhatdoesallthisean?ell,becauehefossilsood,poarbearsmusthavesurvvedEarh'sastineglacalwarmngperiod,about45,000yearsago.ButpoarbearsareArcticanimalsandliveonthece.Inhatunqueenvironmen,howexactydidtheymanage?（化石表明當(dāng)時(shí)有polarbear，問(wèn)題來(lái)了，但是沒(méi)那么冷，poarbear只能在冷環(huán)境中生存，是怎么生活的呢）(4)ell,oneheorysuggeststhatpoarbearsayhavebeenabetofindafewremoecoldcyces,suchas,well,thisSvalbardisandstoiveonuntiltheclimateeventuallycooedagain（一種理論認(rèn)為warmingperiod期間找了冷的地方避一避，等原生活地變冷后再回來(lái)。后面為為什么這么認(rèn)為的闡述）Controversall,becauseheastwarmingperiodwasactualywarmerhanheoneno,theonemorepreentyexperiencing.Somepeopebelevethatpoarbearswillbeabetopullthroughagai（活過(guò)來(lái)，熬過(guò)來(lái).(5)Buthere'ssoethngheyarenotakingintoaccount,namel,thepaceatwhchcliaechangeisoccurrngoda.Theclimaetodayis ingwarmerataveryacceeraedrae.Poarbearsarehighyspecaliedspeces.Itisunrealistctoexpectthemtobeabetoadaptinsuchahortwindowofime, all,theclimatesn'ttheonlyfactorthatmighthaveanefectonthepoarbear'sfuture（氣候影響到poarbear的生存，加上下文說(shuō)其他動(dòng)物與其雜交，兩方面因素純poarbear）.RecentlytheofpringofapoarbearandagrizzlybearwasdicoveredinhesouthernArctc.Thishybridwasaresultofapolarbearandagrizzybearating.oueeiteemsthatgrizzlybearsinCanadahavebeenmovngnorthward,inrudingonhepoarbea'serritor.Thisisacualythefirsttiethate'veeensuchahybridinhewid,buti'spossibethathybridiationcouldoccurmoreandmorefrequent,resulinginncreasingnumbersofofspringthatcannolongerbeconsderedtruepoarbears.Andfthatpatern overime,ell...