譯林牛津英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit1重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納

Unit1Pastandpresent往事，過(guò)去，往日：inthepast1.past(adj)過(guò)去的：inthepasttwoyears(adv)經(jīng)過(guò)，過(guò)去：walkpastabighouse(prep)在后，超出：halfpastfour2.present(n)現(xiàn)在：atpresent=now=atthemoment=rightnow禮品=giftusedtodosth：過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事（過(guò)去存在但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止的狀況或習(xí)慣）否認(rèn)：didn’tusetodosth/usedn’ttodosth疑問(wèn)：Didusetodosth?/Usedtodosth?be/getuseddoingsth：習(xí)慣于做某事beusedfor/todosth：被用來(lái)做某事4.since：指引時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)5.sharesthwithsb/toomany;toomuch;muchtoo/花銷(xiāo)（時(shí)間或金錢(qián)）waitfor;waittodosth;can’twaittodosth/interviewsb;haveaninterviewwithsb表示東南西北的方向名詞后加“ern”組成形容詞。eastern;southern;western;northernchangealotovertheyears：多年以來(lái)，用于現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)turn/changeinto：把變?yōu)閠urn/changeinto：變?yōu)関：轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，翻轉(zhuǎn)：turnon/off/up/down/around(轉(zhuǎn)身)/to(翻到/向求援)turnn：輪番，挨次：It’sone’sturntodosth(輪到某人做)/taketurnstodosth(輪番做)系動(dòng)詞pollute→polluted（受污染的）→pollution（污染）airpollution,noisepollution,environmentalpollution（環(huán)境污染）,pollutedwater（污水）insomeways：在某種程度上，在某些方面ontheway：在路上，在途中intheway：阻攔，擋道bythewayonthe/one’swaytointhis/thatwayloseone’swaymarrysb：嫁給，娶了marrysbto：把某人嫁給10.marrymarried：已婚的amarriedwomangetmarriedtosb：重申行為bemarriedtosb：重申?duì)顟B(tài)，可以和段時(shí)間連用Shehasbeenmarriedforfiveyears.HegotmarriedtoNancylastyear.11.lonely(adj)：孤獨(dú)的，孤獨(dú)的alone(adj/adv)：獨(dú)自的，獨(dú)自地=byoneself=onone’sownTheoldmanlivesalone,butheneverfeelslonely.abit和alittle后可接形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞或比較級(jí)，表示“一點(diǎn)兒，有些”alittle+名詞=abitof+名詞notalittle=very=quite：很，特別notabit=notatall：一點(diǎn)也不13.putupputoutputoffputawayputdownputon

putbacktakeactiontodosth=acttodosth：采納行動(dòng)做某事比較級(jí)前可加：much/even/any/alot/far/rather/alittle/abitit作為形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法：17.hearof/abouthearfrombecauseof和because的差別現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)的組成：have/has+過(guò)去分詞(過(guò)去分詞的組成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型一定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t+過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞→Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.No,主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t特別疑問(wèn)句：特別疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)的用法:．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，重申對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?？捎胊lready,yet,ever,never,just,before,uptonow,untilnow,inthepastfewyears表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或許還要連續(xù)下去。可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如“for+時(shí)間段”、“since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”、“since+從句”、howlong,sofar在以下情況下用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)(1)九詞語(yǔ)already已經(jīng)，一定句中或句尾：Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.②yet已經(jīng)，否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句句尾：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.③ever從前，句中：Haveyoueverseenpandas?never從不，句中：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛，句中：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before從前，句尾：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到當(dāng)前為止：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?howmanytimes多少次：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing兩構(gòu)造fortwomonthsfor+一段時(shí)間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince3yearsagosince+過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since1990sincehecameheresince+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.三詞組have/hasgoneto去了某地，表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或抵達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”have/hasbeento去過(guò)某地，表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”3.have/hasbeenin表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since,for,howlong假如句子里面沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)意思可以加“已經(jīng)”，經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)。Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書(shū)室借的那本書(shū)嗎？現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)還經(jīng)常用于以下句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears在.過(guò)去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了好多樹(shù)。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我從前讀過(guò)的最好的一本書(shū)。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。在現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)中，瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞不可以和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Hehasboughtthebookfor3years（.錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不可以和一段時(shí)間for3years連用，更正的方法有五種：Hehasboughtthebook.Heboughtthebook3yearsago.It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.Hehashadthebookfor3years.還有其余瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞也是這類(lèi)狀況，可參照前面的五種方法更正，前四種改法都同樣，第五種改法各不同樣，舉比以下：come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years（.錯(cuò)）leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.（錯(cuò)）begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯(cuò)）open→beopen,close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.錯(cuò)()die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.錯(cuò)()⑥finish/end→beover

改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.錯(cuò)()改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦joinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years（.錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.buy/catch→haveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years（.錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.⑨borrow→keepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years（.錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.還有其余的概括以下：leave→beawayborrow→keepbuy→havedie→bedeadgetup→beupbegin/start→beonfinish→beoverfallill→beillfallasleep→beasleepcatchacold→haveacoldputon→weargettoknow→knowcome/become/go→beherejoin→beamemberofopen→beopenclose→beclosebreak→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belostgetto/arrive/reach→be(in)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的差別一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或純真表達(dá)過(guò)去的事情，重申換作；現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，重申過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，重申的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（重申換作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（重申對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用goabroad：出國(guó)keepintouchwith：和保持聯(lián)系getintouchwith：和聯(lián)系communicatewiths