2023年大學(xué)英語六級考試真題

202３年1２月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題ParｔIWritｉng(30ｍinuｔｅs)Dｉrectioｎ：Forthｉspart,ｙouarｅaｌlｏweｄ30minutestoｗriteashortｅssａｙentitledMyVｉewsｏnUｎiveｒsｉtyRaｎkｉｎg．Ｙoushoｕldwｒitｅatｌeast150woｒｄsfolloｗinｇtｈeoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前高校排名相稱盛行;2.對于這種做法人們見解不一;3.在我看來……MyVｉewｓonUniveｒsｉｔyRanｋing..．PaｒtIIReadingCｏmprｅhension(SkｉmmｉngaｎｄSｃａnning)（1５mｉnutｅs）Dirｅctionｓ:Inｔhispａｒt,youwiｌｌhａve15minutｅstogｏoverthepasｓagequicklyａndaｎｓwｅrｔhequestionsｏｎA(yù)ｎswerSheet1．Ｆｏrquestioｎs1-7,chooｓethebestanswerfrｏmthｅfourｃｈｏicesｍarｋed[A],[B],［C]and[Ｄ]．Fｏｒquｅｓtiｏns８-10，ｃompｌetｅｔhｅｓentencｅswｉｔhtheinfｏｒmaｔｉｏｎgｉvｅｎintｈeｐａssage.IntotｈeUnkｎownThｅwoｒldhasnｅｖｅｒsｅｅnpopｕlationａgeｉngbeｆoｒｅ.Caniｔｃopｅ?Ｕntｉlthｅｅarｌｙ19９0snｏｂodyｍｕchtｈoughｔaboutwholepopulａt(yī)ioｎｓｇetｔingoｌdeｒ.TheＵNｈadthefoｒesigｈｔtoｃonｖｅneａ“ｗｏrｌｄａssemblyonageinｇ”ｂaｃkｉn1982，buｔthａt(yī)ｃａｍeandwent.By１9９4theWoｒldＢankhａdnｏtｉcedthatsometｈingbｉgwasｈａｐpeｎiｎg.Iｎarepoｒtentiｔlｅd“AvｅrtiｎgtheOlｄAgeCrisis”,itarguｅｄthatpenｓioｎarrａｎgemｅｎtｓiｎmoｓtｃouｎtriｅswｅreｕnｓuｓtainable.Fｏrｔhenexttenyｅaｒsａsuｃcesｓionoｆbooks,mａinｌybyAmerｉｃａｎs,sｏundedtheａlarm.TheyｈaｄｔｉtlesｌiｋeYoungvsOld，GrayＤawnandTｈeComingＧenｅratｉonalStｏrm,ａnｄtheirmessagewaｓblunt:ｈealｔh-caｒesyｓtemswereｈｅadingｆortherocks,ｐｅnsiｏnersweｒetakｉngyounｇpeopletothecｌeaｎerｓ，andsｏontherｅwｏuldbeｉntｅrgeneratioｎaｌwaｒfare．Ｓinceｔhenthedebａt(yī)ｅhasｂeｃｏmｅleｓsemｏtｉｏnal,notleastbecaｕseaｌotｍoｒｅｉskｎｏwnabouｔtｈｅsuｂject.Ｂoｏｋｓ,ｃonferｅncｅsanｄｒeｓearchpaｐｅrsｈavｅmultiｐlied．InterｎatｉoｎａlorganisatiｏnｓsucｈastｈeOECDaｎdtｈｅＥUｉssueregｕlarreｐorts.Popｕlａt(yī)ionaｇeｉｎｇisonevｅryageｎda,frｏmG８ｅcｏnomiccｏnferencｅｓtｏNATOsｕmmitｓ．TheWoｒldEconomicＦｏrumｐlａnｓｔoconsiderｔhefutuｒeofｐensionｓａndhｅａlｔhcaｒeatitsｐrestiｇiousDavosconferencｅearlynextｙeａr.Themｅdｉａ,ｉｎclｕdｉngｔｈisｎewspaｐer,aregｉvingｔheｓｕbjeｃteｘtensiｖecovｅrage．Whetｈerａlｌtｈatatｔentionhasｔraｎsｌａt(yī)eｄinｔｏsuｆｆiｃieｎtactioniｓanoｔｈｅrquesｔiｏｎ．Govｅrnmeｎtｓiｎricｈｃounｔriｅｓnｏｗａccｅpttｈattheirpensiｏｎandhealth-ｃarepromｉｓesｗillｓoonbecomeｕnafｆｏrdable,anｄｍanyｏfｔhemhaveembaｒkｅdonrefoｒms，butsofaronlytｉmidly．Ｔhatiｓnotsｕrprｉsiｎg:poｌiticianswｉtｈanｅyｅonthｅnextelectionwillhaｒｄlyruｓroduceuｎpopｕlａrmｅasureｓｔhatmaynotｂearｆruiｔｆoryｅａrs,ｐerｈapsdeｃades.Theｏutlinｅoｆtheｃhangｅｓneedeｄｉscｌeaｒ.Ｔoavｏidｆiｓcａl（財政)mｅltdｏwn,publicpenｓioｎｓaｎdｈeａltｈ-careprovisｉonwｉllhavetobereiｎｅdbａcｋseｖeｒelyandｔａｘｅｓmａyhavｅｔogoｕp．Ｂyfaｒｔhemｏｓtｅffectivemeｔhｏdtoｒestrａinpensiｏｎsｐendｉｎgistogivｅpeｏpletheｏpportｕnitytoworklongｅr,beｃａuseitiｎcrｅaｓesｔaxｒevｅnuesａｎdｒedｕｃesspeｎｄｉnｇｏｎpensioｎsattｈeｓametime.Itmayeｖeｎkeepｔｈemａliｖｅlongｅｒ.JohｎRotｈｅｒ，tｈｅAAＲP’ｓheadｏｆpolicyaｎdstrategy,pｏiｎｔstosｔｕｄiesshowingthatｏtheｒｔhingsｂeｉngequａl，peｏpｌewhoremａｉｎａｔｗoｒkhavｅlｏweｒdeａt(yī)hrａt(yī)esthａntｈｅirreｔiredｐeeｒs.Yoｕngeｒpeopletｏｄaｙmostlｙａccｅptｔhattheyｗｉｌlhavetoworkforlｏngerａｎdｔｈattｈeｉrｐenｓionswillbelesｓgenerｏuｓ.Eｍｐloyersｓtｉllｎeedtobeｐeｒsuａdｅdtｈａt(yī)oldeｒwoｒkerｓａｒｅworthholｄｉngoｎｔｏ.Thatｍaｙbｅbecaｕsetheyｈavehadplentyｏfyounｇeronestoｃhoosefｒoｍ，partlythａnkｓtothｅpｏst-warｂabｙ-bｏomandparｔlybｅｃａｕseoｖerthepastfeｗdecadesmanymｏrewomｅｎhaveentｅredtｈelaｂｏurforce,iｎcreaｓinｇｅmｐｌoyers’chｏｉcｅ．Butｔｈereservoiｒoｆwomｅnaｂleandwiｌlingｔｏtａkeuppａidwｏｒkisrunｎｉnｇｌow,aｎdthebabｙ-boｏmeｒsaｒegｏｉngｇrey．Ｉnmanｙcouｎtriesiｍmｉｇｒａｎtshavebｅeｎｆilｌiｎgsuchgapsiｎｔｈelaboｕrforcｅasｈaｖeaｌｒeadyemerged(andｒｅmeｍbｅrthattｈｅｒealshｏrtaｇeisstiｌｌarounｄtｅnyｅarｓoｆf).Immigrａt(yī)ｉonintｈｅdevelopedｗorldisthehighestiｔhaｓevｅrbeeｎ,ａnｄｉｔiｓmakｉngausefuｌdiｆfｅreｎｃe．Instｉll-feｒtileＡmerｉcａiｔcｕrrｅntlyacｃoｕntsfｏrabout4０％oftotａｌｐoｐulationgｒｏwth,aｎdｉnfast-ageingｗesｔｅｒｎEuropeforabout９0%．Ｏｎｔhefａcｅoｆｉt,itseｅmsthｅperfectsolｕtiｏn．Ｍanyｄeｖｅlｏpiｎgcountriｅsｈavelotsｏfｙoｕngｐeｏpｌeinnｅeｄofjｏbs；maｎｙriｃhcountrｉesｎeedhelpingｈandsthatｗｉllｂoosｔtaｘreｖenuesａｎdｋeepｕpｅconｏmicｇrowth.Ｂutoｖerthenextfewdecadeｓlabｏuｒｆｏrcesinriｃｈcoｕntriesaｒeseｔtoshｒinksoｍuｃhthａｔinflowsｏｆiｍｍigrantswoulｄｈaｖetoiｎcrｅaseenorｍouslytocompｅnsaｔｅ:toａt(yī)lｅasｔtｗicetheiｒcuｒreｎtsizeｉnwestｅrnＥｕrope’ｓｍｏstyｏuthfulcｏｕntries,ａndthｒeetｉmeｓｉntｈeoldeｒones.Japａnwｏuldneedalａrgemulｔipleofthｅfeｗｉｍmiｇrａntsitｈasａt(yī)pｒｅseｎt．Puｂliｃopｉnionpollsshowｔｈatpeopleiｎmostriｃhcountriesalrｅａdythinkthａt(yī)iｍｍigｒaｔiｏnistoｏhｉgｈ.Ｆｕrtheｒbｉgｉncreａｓesｗｏulｄbepoliticallｙuｎfeasibｌe.Totacｋletheprｏｂｌｅmofageiｎgｐopulaｔioｎsatitsrｏoｔ,“ｏld”ｃｏuｎtriｅswouldhavetorｅｊｕｖｅnatｅ(使年輕)ｔhemseｌvesbyhａｖinｇmoreofthｅirowｎcｈｉｌｄren.Anumberoftｈemｈavetriｅd，somemorｅｓucceｓｓfｕｌlythanｏthｅｒs.Ｂutitisnoｔasｉmpｌematｔerofofｆerｉngｆinａncialincentivesorproｖidingmoｒechildｃarｅ.Ｍodernurbａｎｌifeinrichcouｎtｒiesisnoｔwellaｄaｐtｅｄtoｌａrgeｆａmilieｓ.Ｗｏmenｆｉｎdｉtｈarｄtoｃombｉnｅfaｍiｌｙandｃareer．Ｔheｙｏｆtenｃｏmpｒomisｅbyhａvingjuｓtoneｃhild．Andｉｆfertｉlｉtyｉnageingcoｕｎtｒｉｅｓｄｏesnotpｉckup?Itwillnｏtｂｅtｈeendoｆtheworlｄ，atleastnｏtｆoｒｑｕiteaｗhileyet,butｔheworldwillｓlowｌyｂecomeadifferｅntplａce．Olｄersｏｃｉetｉｅsmaybeleｓsinｎoｖaｔivｅaｎｄmoreｓtronglydｉsincliｎedtotakerｉsｋｓthａnyoungerones.By２025ａｔthelａt(yī)est,abｏｕthaｌfthｅｖｏteｒsiｎA(yù)ｍeｒicａandmostofthoseｉnwestｅrnEurｏｐｅａncｏuntrieswillbeoveｒ５0—anｄolderpｅopleｔurnouｔtovｏｔeiｎmuｃｈgｒeaternumｂerｔｈａnyｏuｎgeｒoｎeｓ.Acａdemicstudiｅshavefｏundnoｅｖideｎｃesｏfaｒthatｏlderｖoｔeｒshａveusｅdtheirpoｗerａt(yī)thebalｌotboｘtopｕshforpoliciｅsｔｈatsｐecificallyｂenｅfiｔtｈeｍ,ｔhｏughｉｆiｎｆutureｔheｒｅaｒｅｍanymorｅofthemｔheymｉghtstarｔdｏｉngsｏ.Ｎorｉsｔhereａnyｓｉｇnofergenｅｒatｉonａlwarfａrｅpredｉctｅdinｔｈe199０s.Afｔeｒall,olｄerｐｅｏpletｈｅmselvｅsｍoｓtｌyhaｖefaｍilies.Inarｅｃentstudyofpａrｅnｔsandgroｗn－ｕpchildｒｅnｉn11Euｒoｐeａnｃountｒies，KarstｅnHaｎkofＭannheimUniｖeｒｓityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin2５kmofeachoｔheｒandｔheｍａjoriｔyofｔｈeｍweｒeintouｃｈaｔlｅａstoncｅaweｅｋ．Ｅｖenｓｏ,tｈeshiftiｎthecentｒeoｆgrａvitｙtoolderagegrouｐｓisbouｎdｔｏhaveaｐｒoｆoｕnｄｅffectonsocietiｅs,notｊｕsteconoｍicａｌlyａndｐoliticａｌlｙｂｕtｉnaｌlsortsofotherwａyｓｔoo.RicｈａｒdJａcｋｓonaｎdＮeilHｏweofAmeｒｉcａ’ｓCSIS,iｎaｔｈoｕghtｆulboｏkｃａlｌedTheGrayingoftheGreａt(yī)Powers,arｇuethaｔ,aｍonｇotｈeｒthings,thｅaｇeingｏftｈedeveloｐedcｏuｎtrｉesｗilｌhaｖeanumberofseｒiｏuｓｓeｃuｒitｙimpliｃａt(yī)iｏns.Forｅxamｐｌe,thesｈｏrtagｅoｆyoungadultsiｓｌｉkelyｔomakeｃountriｅｓｍｏrereluctanttocomｍｉｔｔheｆｅwtheyhaveｔomｉlitaryｓervｉce.Intｈｅdecadesto２05０,Amｅricawilｌfｉnditsｅlｆplayｉnganever－inｃrｅａsiｎgroｌｅｉnthｅdｅveｌopｅｄwｏｒｌd’ｓｄefenceefforｔ.BｅcauseＡmerica’spｏpｕｌationwｉlｌstillｂeｇrowingｗhenthatofmｏstotheｒdevｅlopｅdcｏuntriesisshriｎｋing,Ａmericａｗilｌｂetheｏnlｙdｅveloｐedcountｒyｔhatstilｌｍattersgeopｏliticallｙ(地緣政治上).Aｓkmeiｎ２0２3Theｒｅｉsliｔtlｅthaｔcanbeｄoｎetoｓｔopｐopuｌａｔｉonａgeiｎg，sｏtheworldwillhavetolｉvewｉtｈit.Butｓomeｏfthｅcｏnｓｅquｅnｃescanbeallｅｖｉated．Mａｎｙexperｔｓnowbｅlievｅthａｔｇｉvenｔｈeriｇｈtｐolicｉes,tｈeeffｅｃｔｓ,ｔhoｕgｈgrａvｅ,neｅdｎｏtbecatastroｐhｉc.Ｍoｓtcountｒieｓhａvｅrecoｇnｉsedｔｈeneedtｏｄosoｍeｔｈｉngaｎdarebｅginningtoact．Buteｖenｔheｎthereisnoguaｒａnｔeetｈatｔｈeireffoｒtswｉllｗork．Ｗhａt(yī)ishappeｎingnowiｓhiｓtoｒicaｌｌyunprecedenteｄ．RonalｄLeｅ,ｄirectｏrｏftheＣenｔrｅonｔｈeEcｏnomｉcsandDemogｒaphyｏfAgeinｇattheUniｖｅｒsitｙofCalifornｉa，Berｋeley,pｕtｓitbriefｌyandclｅarly:“Ｗedon’treａｌｌyknowwhatpopulatiｏnａgeｉngwｉllｂelike，bｅcauｓeｎobodyｈasdoｎeityｅt．“注意:此部分試題請在答題卡１上作答。1．Iｎits199４ｒeporｔ,ｔhｅＷｏrldＢaｎｋａｒgueｄthatｔｈeｃｕｒｒentｐｅｎsionsyｓteｍinmosｔｃouｎｔriｅscould___＿_(dá)_.[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm[B]fuｒtｈｅrａｃcelｅrａt(yī)ｅthｅaｇeiｎgprocess［C]haｒdｌyhaltthｅgroｗthofpopulaｔiｏn[D]hｅlptidｅovertｈecurrentagｅiｎｇｃriｓｉｓ2.ＷｈaｔｍｅsｓageiscｏｎｖｅyeｄinｂooksｌikｅYｏｕnｇvｓOｌd?[Ａ]Ｔhegenｅraｔiongａpisbounｄｔonaｒrｏw.[Ｂ]Iｎtergeneratｉｏnalcｏnｆlictsｗilｌinｔensifｙ.[C]Ｔheyｏungergeneｒatｉonｗｉllbeattｈｅold.[D］Oldpeｏpleshｏulｄgivewaｙtｏtheyｏｕｎg．3.Onereａsonｗｈｙpensionanｄｈealthcarereformｓareslｏwincｏmingiｓtｈａｔ___＿_(dá)_.[A]ｎｏbodyiswillｉngtoｓacriｆicetｈeirｏwninｔｅreｓtstoｔａcklｅtheproblem[B］moｓtpeoplｅareagainｓtmeasuresthａｔwｉllnotbｅaｒfrｕｉｔiｍmeｄｉatelｙ[C]thepropoｓeｄreformswillafｆeｃttｏomanｙpeoｐｌｅ’sinteｒestｓ[D]pｏliticiansａｒeaｆｒaiｄoｆlosiｎgｖotesintｈenextｅlecｔｉon4.Tｈeａutｈoｒbeｌievｅstｈｅｍosｔeffectivemethodｔosolveｔｈepｅｎsioncｒiｓｉsisto______.［Ａ]allowpeｏpｌｅｔowoｒｋlｏｎｇer[C]cｕtbackonheaｌtｈcareｐroviｓionｓ[Ｂ］incrｅasｅtaxｒevenｕｅｓ[D]startｒeｆorｍｓrightａway5.Thｅrｅasonwhｙemplｏｙｅrsarｅuｎwｉlliｎgtｏｋeepolｄerwoｒkersistｈａｔ______.[Ａ］ｔheｙaregenｅｒaｌlydｉfficuｌｔtomanaｇe[B]theloｎgertｈeｙｗoｒｋ,tｈｅｈighertheiｒpeｎｓion[C］ｔheiｒpayishigｈeｒthａｎthａt(yī)ofyoungerones[D]younｇｅrｗorｋersarｅreaｄiｌyaｖaｉlablｅ6.Tｏｃompensatefoｒｔhefast－ｓhｒinkinglabourforce,Ｊapaｎwoｕldneed_＿_(dá)___.[A]torevｉｓeiｔscurrentｐｏpulatiｏｎｃoｎｔrolｐolｉcy[B］largenｕmbｅrsｏfimmiｇｒantｓfromｏverseas[Ｃ］toaｕtomaｔｅiｔsmａnufacturｉｎgａndｓervicｅｉｎdｕstrieｓ[Ｄ］ａpolｉtｉcaｌlyfeasiblｅpoｌicyconceｒnｉｎｇpopuｌａt(yī)ｉoｎ7.Wｈyｄoｍaｎywomｅnｉnｒiｃhｃountriescｏmproｍisｅbｙhavingｏnｌyoneｃhｉld？[Ａ]Smaｌｌfamilieｓarebecoｍingmoｒefashionａｂｌe.[Ｂ]Tｈeyfｉndithardtobalanｃecarｅｅranｄfamilｙ．[C］Iｔisｔoｏｅｘpｅnsivｅtｏsuｐｐｏrtａlargeｆamily．[D]Chilｄｃａｒeistoobiｇｂｌｅｍfoｒthem.８.Ｃｏmparｅdｗithyｏｕngerones,oldｅｒsocｉeｔiesarelessincｌｉnｅdto__________＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)____＿＿＿＿_(dá)___＿_(dá).9．Theｐreｄiｃtedinterｇｅneｒatｉonaｌwarfａrｅｉsｕnｌikｅｌybeｃausemｏstofthｅoldｅrｐｅoｐlethｅmselveｓ__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)____＿_(dá)___＿＿＿＿_(dá).10.Ｃoｕntrieｓthａｔhａveashoｒtageofyoungadｕltswillbeleｓsｗilｌingｔocomｍiｔｔｈｅmtｏ________＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)______.PａrtIIIListｅniｎgＣｏmpreｈeｎｓiｏn(3５miｎｕｔｅs)ＳectionＡDｉrecｔions:Iｎthisｓeｃtｉoｎ,yｏｕwｉllhｅaｒ8ｓhortconvｅrsatiｏｎsａnｄ2longｃonvｅｒsatiｏns．Atｔｈｅendoｆeachconvｅrsatｉoｎ,ｏneｏrmoｒequestｉonsｗｉｌｌbeasｋｅdaｂoutwｈａt(yī)waｓsａid．Boththeconvｅrsａt(yī)ｉonaｎdtｈequｅstｉonswillbesｐｏｋenoｎlyonce.Ａfｔｅreachqｕestｉontheｒｅwiｌlｂeapａuse.Duｒingthepauｓe，ｙoumuｓtreaｄthefouｒcｈoiｃesmarkｅd[Ａ］,［B]，[C]anｄ[Ｄ］,anddecidｅｗhichisthebｅｓtaｎsweｒ．ＴhenmarkｔheｃoｒrespｏndingｌｅtterｏnAnｓwerSheet2wｉtｈasiｎｇleliｎethｒoｕｇhthｅcenｔre．注意:此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。１1.[Ａ］Themanisthemaｎａgｅrofｔhｅaｐartmｅnｔbuilding.[B］Thewomanisｖｅrygoｏdaｔbarｇａｉｎｉng.[Ｃ]Thｅｗomanwｉllgetｔheapaｒｔmentrefurnisｈed．[D］Ｔｈｅmanisｌookinｇforａnaparｔment．12.［Ａ]Howthepｉctuｒesｗillturnout．[C]Whattheｍａｎｔｈｉnksofthesｈoｔs.［B]Ｗｈeretheｂotaｎｉcalgardeｎis.[Ｄ]Whytｈｅpicturｅsarenotready.13．[Ａ］Theｒeisnoreplａcｅmenｔforｔhｅhandlｅ.[B]Ｔheｒeｉsｎomatchｆorthｅsｕitｃase.[Ｃ]Ｔhesuitcaｓeiｓnoｔｗorｔhｆixing.[Ｄ]Thesuitcasecａnbｅfixｅdintime．14.[A]Ｈeneedsavehｉcletｏｂeusedｉnharsｈwｅａt(yī)her.[B］Heｈasafaiｒlylａrgecoｌｌeｃtiｏnofqualｉtytrucｋｓ.［C]Hehaｓhadhistrｕckaｄaptedforcolｄteｍpeｒａｔures.[D]Hｅdoｅｓrｏｕtiｎetrucｋｍaｉntenａｎceｆorthewoman.１5.[A]Shecannotstaｎdhｅｒbosｓ’sbadtempｅr.[B]Ｓｈｅhａsoftenbeencｒｉticizedbyherｂoss.［C］Shehａsmadｅｕｐhermiｎdtoｒｅsiｇｎ.［D]Sheneveｒｒeｇretｓanｙｄｅcｉｓioｎｓshemakeｓ.1６.［A]Loｏkforashｉｒｔofamｏresuｉtablｅｃｏlｏｒaｎdsize.[B]Repｌacetheｓhiｒｔwitｈｏneofsｏｍeothermaｔerｉal．[C］Vｉsiｔadｉffeｒentstoｒｅfoｒａsilｋｏrc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cｅandpastacaｄemicａｃhievemenｔｓ，whatsｅtｓthemaｐaｒｔｉshｏpe．”Ｉｎdevisingawaytoassｅｓｓhopｅscieｎtifically,Dr．Snydｅr(45)＿_(dá)_______＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_____＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)______＿_(dá)_＿.“Ｔhatnoｔionisnotｃoncrｅtｅenoｕgh，andiｔblurstwokeｙcomponenｔsoｆｈope,”Ｄｒ.Sｎyｄersａiｄ.（46)”_____＿_(dá)______＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_____＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)___＿＿_(dá)____＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_＿_(dá).”PartＩVRｅadｉｎgＣｏmｐrｅheｎｓion(ReaｄingiｎDｅptｈ）(25miｎutes）ＳeｃtionAＤｉrｅｃtions：Inthissectｉｏn，ｔhereｉsashorｔpasｓagewith５quesｔioｎsｏrincoｍｐｌetｅｓｔaｔｅments．Ｒeadtheｐａssagecａrefuｌly.Ｔhenansｗertｈequｅsｔionsorcｏmｐletｅtｈesｔatementsｉｎｔhｅfｅweｓtpossiｂlewoｒds．Ｐl(wèi)easewritｅyoｕransweｒsonAnｓｗerSｈeeｔ2.Quｅｓtiｏns４７to５1arebasｅｄonthefollowingpasｓａge.Moｓtｙoｕｎgboysaｒｅtraineｄtｏbelｉevｅthatmeｎｓhｏuldbesｔrong,tough,cooｌ，anddetached.Thus,theｙｌearnearlｙtｏhidevulnerableeｍｏｔｉoｎｓｓｕchaslｏvｅ，joy,andｓadneｓsbecauｓetheybelievetｈａｔsuchfeｅlingsarefｅｍｉnineandｉmplyｗｅakneｓs.Overｔime,someｍenbecomestrangeｒｓｔothｅirowneｍoｔiｏnａllｉves.Ｉｔseemsthａt(yī)ｍenwithｔｒadｉtionalviewsoｆmasculinityａremｏｒelikｅlytosuppresｓoｕtwardemotionsandtofｅaremotiｏｎs，suｐｐｏsedlｙbｅcauｓｅsuchｆeｅlingsmayｌeadｔoａloｓsoｆcoｍpｏsｕrｅ(鎮(zhèn)定）.Ｋeepinｍind,howeｖer，tｈatthisvieｗiｓchallengedbysoｍｅｒeseａrcheｒs．Asｗithmaｎygｅnderｇaps,dｉfferencｅsinemotｉｏnａｌityｔendtoｂesmaｌl,ｉncoｎsiｓtenｔ,anｄdｅpeｎdｅｎｔonthesituaｔioｎ.Forinsｔａｎce,Robｅrtsonａndｃollｅａgｕesfｏunｄthatmalｅswｈoweremorｅtraｄitｉｏｎallymasｃｕlinewerｅmoｒeemotionａｌlyexprｅｓsiｖeｉnａｓｔruｃtureｄexercisｅthanｗhｅnｔheyweｒesｉｍｐlyaskｅdtotalkabouｔtｈeirｅmｏtions.Maｌｅs’dｉffｉcｕltｙwith“tｅnｄeｒ”emotioｎsｈaｓseriouｓｃonｓｅquenｃes.Fｉｒsｔ,suppｒesseｄemoｔioｎｓcanｃｏｎｔribuｔｅtｏstrｅsｓ-relａt(yī)eｄdiｓoｒｄｅｒs.Aｎdwｏrｓe，ｍｅnareｌessliｋｅlythanwomeｎtoseeｋhｅlpfrｏmheaｌthprofeｓｓｉoｎals.Secｏnd,men’ｓemotｉonalinexpresｓｉvenessｃanｃａuｓeproblemsiｎtheｉｒreｌatiｏnｓhipｓwitｈpartnersａndcｈｉldrｅn.Ｆoｒexａmｐｌe,mｅnｗhoendoｒｓetｒaｄitiｏnaｌmaｓcｕliｎenｏrmsreｐoｒtｌoｗerrelaｔionshipsaｔisfａcｔioｎ，aｓdotheｉrfemaｌepartners.Fuｒtｈｅr,ｃhｉｌdreｎwｈｏｓefａt(yī)herｓａreｗaｒｍ,loｖing,andａｃｃeptingｔｏwａｒdthemhaｖehiｇherseｌｆ-eｓteeｍandｌｏweｒｒateｓofaｇｇressiｏnａｎdbehａviorpｒｏｂlems．Onaposｉｔivｅnｏtｅ,fathersareincreasiｎｇlyinvolｖｉngthｅmsｅｌｖeswiｔhｔｈeirｃhｉlｄren．Aｎｄ30percentoffaｔhｅｒsｒepｏrtthatｔheytakeequａｌorｇreａt(yī)erresｐonｓibilｉｔyfortheirchilｄｒentｈａnthｅirworkｉngwｉvｅｓdo.Oneemｏtｉｏnmaleｓarealｌｏｗeｄtｏｅxpresｓｉｓaｎgeｒ.Ｓometimesｔhisangertransｌaｔｅｓintophysicalaggressionorviolencｅ.Mencommitneａrlｙ90pｅrcentoｆvｉoｌentcrimesｉnｔｈeＵｎitedStaｔｅsandａlｍoｓｔallseｘuａlaｓｓaｕlｔｓ．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。４7.Moｓtyounｇboysｈaｖebeeｎtrainedｔoｂelieｖethａｔｍenwhosｈowtendｅｒfeｅliｎgsareｃonsiderｅdtoｂe____＿_(dá)＿＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__.4８.Somemenｂelｉevethatiftｈeyexpreｓseｄthｅireｍｏｔiｏnsopenlytheｙmigｈｔ__＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_______．４9.Accordinｇtoｔhｅauthoｒ,menwｈｏｓuppreｓstheiremotionsmａydevelｏp_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_＿.５０．Menwhoｏbｓervetｒａdiｔｉonａlｍａｓculｉnｅnｏrｍsarｅsａidtodeｒｉveｌesssatｉｓfaｃｔioｎｆｒom__＿_(dá)__________.51．Whenｍaｌeｓｇetaｎgｒy,theyｃａｎbｅcomｅ＿_(dá)____________orevencoｍmiｔviｏlencｅ．ＳecｔionＢＤirｅｃｔionｓ:Theｒｅａre2ｐasｓaｇesiｎthissectｉon.Eａchpasｓａgeｉsfoｌlｏwedbysomｅｑuestｉｏnsorunｆinisｈｅdｓtａt(yī)emｅnｔｓ．Ｆoreａcｈoftheｍthereａｒｅfourｃhoicｅsmａrkｅｄ[A],[Ｂ],[Ｃ]ａnd[D]YouｓhouｌｄｄｅｃideｏnｔｈebｅsｔcｈｏｉceandmarkthecｏrrｅspoｎdingｌetteroｎＡｎswerSheet2ｗitｈaｓｉngleliｎeｔhｒoughthｅceｎtre.PaｓsａgeOnｅQｕestionｓ５2to56ａｒebasedonthefoｌlowｉngpassagｅ.Ｉntheearly20thcentuｒy,fewthｉngsｗeｒemorｅａppealingthanｔhepromiｓeofｓcientｉｆicknoｗleｄgｅ.Ｉnaｗorldstｒｕgglｉngwｉthrapidindｕｓtrialｉzation,scｉenceａｎdtecｈnｏｌｏgｙseｅｍｅdtooffｅrｓoｌuｔｉonstoaｌｍosteveryｐｒｏblem．Newlyｃｒeatedsｔateｃoｌlｅgesanduｎivｅｒsitiesdeｖotｅｄｔhemselvesａlmosｔentiｒｅlｙtｏscienｔiｆic，ｔｅcｈｎologiｃal,anｄｅngineerｉｎgfieｌdｓ.MaｎｙＡｍeriｃaｎｓcａｍetobeｌiｅvethａt(yī)sciｅｎtifiｃcertaiｎtyｃoｕldｎｏｔｏｎｌyｓolvescｉｅntificｐroblems,butａlsｏｒｅforｍpｏlitics,governmｅnt,andbusiness．TｗowoｒldwarｓａｎｄaGreatＤepresｓionroｃkedthecoｎfｉdeｎceofｍａnｙpeｏplethatscｉｅntiｆiceｘｐｅrtiseａlonecｏuldｃｒeateaｐrｏｓpeｒousaｎｄoｒderｅｄworld.AfｔerＷo(hù)ｒldWaｒⅡ,theacadeｍｉcworlｄturneｄｗitｈnewentｈusiaｓmtohumanisticstｕdies,ｗhichseｅmｅdtoｍaｎysｃholarsthｅbeｓtwaｙtoensurethesurviｖalofｄｅｍｏｃｒaｃｙ.Amｅriｃanscｈolarｓfannedouｔacrｏsｓmｕｃｈoftheworld—wｉtｈsupｐｏrｔfｒｏｍtｈｅFordFoundａt(yī)ioｎ,theFulbrigｈｇｒam，eｔc.—ｔoprｏmotｅtｈeteaｃhinｇoflｉterａt(yī)uｒeanｄｔｈｅａrtsinａnｅffoｒttｏmakｅｔｈecasｅｆordemｏcｒaticfreedoｍs.IｎtｈeAｍｅricａｏfoｕrｏｗnｔime,ｔhegｒeatｅducationalｃhaｌｌengehａsbecomeａnefforｔtosｔrengthenthetｅachinｇofwhaｔisnowｋnｏｗｎaｓtheSＴＥMdisｃiｐlｉｎes（sciｅnce,technology,enginｅeriｎg,aｎdmath）.ThereiｓｃonsiｄerabｌｅaｎｄjuｓtｉｆiedconcerntｈaｔtｈeＵnｉtedStatｅsiｓfalｌingbehindmｕchｏftherestｏfｔhedevｅloｐｅdworｌdintheseｅsseｎtialdiscｉplｉneｓ.India,Cｈina,Jaｐan,ａndotherregionsseemｔoｂｅseｉzingtｅｃhnｏlogicalleaｄersｈip.Atthｅｓamｅｔimｅ,perhapsinevｉtably,thehumanitｉｅs—whilｅstｉllｐopｕlaｒinelitecｏllegeｓanｄuｎiｖｅrsｉties—havｅｅxperieｎｃedaｓignｉficaｎｔｄecline．Huｍanisticdisciplinｅsarｅsｅｒｉｏｕsｌyｕndeｒfuｎdeｄ,nｏｔjusｔbythegｏvｅrnｍｅｎｔandtｈｅfoundatｉonsｂutｂyａcademicinstiｔｕtｉonsｔheｍseｌｖes.Ｈｕmaｎｉstｓareｕsｕallyamoｎgtｈelowest-paiｄfacuｌtｙｍｅmbersａｔmostinstitutionｓaｎdareoftenligｈtlｙｒegardedbｅcausetheｙｄonotgenｅrａt(yī)egraｎtincomeａndbecａusｅthｅｖiｄenoobviousｃrｅｄentiａls(資質(zhì))foｒｍoｓtnoｎaｃademicｃareers.UndｏｕbtedlｙAmeriｃanedｕcaｔionｓｈouldtraiｎｍoｒescientisｔsａndｅngineeｒs.MucｈoｆｔheｃonceｒnamoｎｇpoｌｉｔｉciaｎｓａｂouｔtｈeｓｔatｅofＡmｅｒiｃanuniverｓitｉestｏdaｙiｓfocuｓeｄonｔｈｅａbsenceof“realwoｒld”educａｔioｎ—whｉcｈmｅａnspreparationfｏrprofesｓｉｏｎaｌandｓcｉenｔifｉccareｅrｓ.Bｕttheiｄeatｈatｉnstiｔutionsorthｅirｓtudentsmustdeｃidｅｂetwｅeｎｈｕmanitｉesandscieｎceisfaｌse.Oursｏcieｔｙcoｕldnｏtsurvｉvewithoutsｃiｅntifｉｃaｎdtｅｃhnoｌogiｃalkｎｏwleｄge.Ｂutwewouldbeequallyimpoveriｓheｄ(貧困的)wｉthoｕtｈumanisticknoｗｌｅdgeaｓwelｌ.Scieｎceandtechnｏlogyteachuswｈaｔｗecando.Humａnisticthiｎkiｎgheｌpsusunｄerstanｄwhａt(yī)weshouldｄo.Itisalｍｏstimpossiｂletoｉｍaｇinｅouｒsｏcieｔywithｏutthｉnkingｏfｔheextraｏrdｉｎaryachiｅvｅmｅnｔsofｓcientiｓtsａｎdｅｎｇineersinｂuiｌｄingourcｏmpｌicatｅｄwoｒｌd.Buttrytｏｉmagineｏuｒwoｒldaswelｌwiｔhoutthereｍarkａbleworksthathavedefinedoｕrcｕlｔuｒeaｎｄvalues．Ｗehａvealwaysｎeｅded,aｎdｗeｓｔillneed,ｂoth．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。5２．Inthｅeaｒlｙ20thcenｔuryＡmｅricａnsbｅlｉeveｄscieｎceａndteｃhnolｏgycｏuld___＿＿_(dá)_．[A］ｓolvevirｔuａｌｌｙaｌlｅxｉbｌems[C］hｅｌpｒaｉｓepeoｐｌe’sｌiviｎｇstａndardｓ［B]qｕiｃkenthepacｅofinduｓｔrialｉzation［D]promｏtｅthｅnation’ssoｃｉaｌproｇresｓ５3.WhyｄidmanyAmｅricaｎｓchoｌarsbecｏmeeｎthusiasｔiｃaｂoutｈumaｎｉｓtiｃstudｉesａｆｔerWorldWaｒⅡ?[A]Ｔｈeｙｗantedｔoimｐrovｅｔｈｅirownsｔatuswｉthinthｅcｕrreｎtｅｄucationsystem.[Ｂ]Theｙｂelｉeｖedthestaｂiｌitｙofasocｉeｔydepenｄedheａviｌｙoｎhumaniｓticstudｉeｓ.［C］Theycoｕldｇetfｉｎaｎciaｌsｕpportfrｏｍvarｉoｕsfoｕnｄatｉｏnｓｆorhｕｍaｎistｉｃsｔｕdies.[D]Ｔhｅyrealｉzeｄsｃienｃｅandtechnolｏgyａloｎewerenoｇuaranｔeefoｒabettｅｒｗorld．54.WhｙaｒeAmericansｃholarｓworriｅdaｂouｔedｕcationtoｄaｙ?[A]TheSTEMsubｊeｃtｓaretoｏchaｌlｅngingｆｏrstｕdeｎtstoleaｒｎ.[B]SomeAsｉancｏunｔｒｉeshaｖｅoｖertakenAmｅricainｂａsicscienｃeｓ.［C]AmericaislａgｇiｎgbehｉｎdinｔｈeSTEMdisｃiｐliｎes.[Ｄ]Tｈerｅarenｏｔenoughsｃholarｓｉnhuｍanisticstudies．５5.Whataccouｎtsforｔｈｅsｉgnificaｎtdeclineiｎhumanistｉcstudiestodａy?[A］Insuffｉciｅnｔｆunding.[C]Shｏrtagｅofｄevotｅdfacultｙ．[Ｂ］Shrinkｉnｇenｒoｌlmenｔ.[D]Ｄimpｒospectsforgradｕates.5６.Ｗhydｏeｓｔheaｕthｏｒａt(yī)ｔａcｈｓｏmuchimpｏｒtancetohｕｍａnｉsｔicsｔuｄiｅs?[A]Theｙpromoteｔhedeｖｅｌoｐmenｔｏfscienceanｄtecｈnｏlｏgy.[B］Tｈeyｈelpｐｒｅparｅstudｅｎtsfortheirｐｒｏfessioｎａｌｃareｅrs.[C]Ｈumaniｓtｉｃthiｎkiｎｇhelｐsdefiｎeouｒｃultureandｖaｌues．［Ｄ]Humａｎisｔｉcthｉnkiｎｇhｅlpscultｉvａt(yī)ｅstudenｔs’creaｔｉvｉtｙ.PaｓsaｇｅTｗoQuｅｓtiｏｎs57tｏ61aｒebasｅｄonthefollowｉnｇｐaｓｓage．WiｌｌthｅreｅvｅrbeaｎotherEｉｎsｔｅin?Ｔhｉsisｔheunｄerｃurrenｔofcｏｎｖeｒsaｔｉonａt(yī)Einｓｔeinｍｅｍorialmｅｅtinｇsthｒougｈｏuttｈeyｅar.ＡnewEｉnsteinwillemerge,scientｉstｓsay．Butitｍaｙtaｋｅaｌonｇtｉmｅ.Afｔeralｌ,morethan200yearsseparatedEinｓｔeinｆroｍhisnｅaｒestrivaｌ,IsａacNｅwton.MａnyphyｓiｃiｓtｓｓａyｔhenextEｉnｓteｉnhasｎ’tbｅeｎbｏrｎｙｅt,ｏｒisaｂａbynow．That’sbｅcauｓetｈeqｕｅstforaunｉｆieｄtheorｙtｈatwｏuldａccouｎｔfｏrallｔｈｅforcesｏfnaturehaspushｅdcurreｎtmathemａt(yī)ｉｃstoiｔsliｍiｔs.Newｍａt(yī)hmusｔbeｃreatedｂｅforetｈｅpｒoblemｃanbeｓolveｄ.BｕtreｓearcherssaythereａremａｎyothｅrｆａｃtｏｒsworkiｎｇａgａinstanotheｒEinsｔｅinemergｉnganｙｔiｍesｏon．Forｏnething，phyｓicsisamuｃhdｉffｅｒeｎtfieｌdtoｄａy.InEinstｅin’sdａｙ，therewereoｎlｙafewthoｕsandphysｉｃisｔｓ