高一英語《新概念英語第二冊(cè)》語法精粹(含習(xí)題) 倒裝句

新概念英語第二冊(cè)》語法精粹五、倒裝句英語的基本句型是主語+謂語。如果將主語與謂語調(diào)換，稱倒裝句。倒裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句。一、全倒裝:主語與謂語交換位置不需任何助動(dòng)詞，叫全倒裝。全倒裝有以下三種情況:1、當(dāng)here,there,out,in,up,down等副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子需全倒裝：Theregoesthebell!鈴響了！Therelivedanoldman.Herecomesthebus.在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞，像go,come,mush等。主語如果是代詞時(shí)不需倒裝如Awayhewent.他走遠(yuǎn)了。2、方位狀語在句首,如：Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.Underthetreesataboy.3、直接引語在句首,這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝""Whatdoesitmean?"askedtheboy或theboyasked.二、半倒裝：主語與謂語的助動(dòng)詞交換位置稱半倒裝,有以下數(shù)種情況：否定意義的詞在句首,句子半倒裝,例如：little,never,not,no,hardly,rarely,seldomNevershallIforgetyou.Atnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening.LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime.幾對(duì)并列連詞如notonly??butalso,hardly^when等連接兩個(gè)并列句，連詞在句首,前句半倒裝,后句不倒裝：Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakerawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.NosoonerhadIgottothebusstopthanthebusstarted.（注意時(shí)態(tài)）notonly???butalso連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)不需倒裝，如:NotonlyyoubutalsoIlikeplayingchess.neither???nor在句首時(shí)，前后兩句都需倒裝，NeitherdoIhaveasisternordoesmyhusband.3、only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語，主句半倒裝：OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.OnlyinthiswaycanIlearnfrommyfault.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918,washeabletogetbacktowork.注意：only強(qiáng)調(diào)主語不倒裝：Onlytheteacherscanusetheroom.4、so…七h(yuǎn)at句型，so在句首時(shí)，主句倒裝，that從句不倒裝：Soeasyisitthataclildcanlearnit.Soharddidheworkthathefinallywonthefame.

Isawthefilm,sodidhe.1、倒裝句(Inversion)英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序稱為“倒裝”。一、倒裝的類型類型例句說明完全倒裝Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeigfriends.學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國朋友。整個(gè)謂語移至主語之前。部分倒裝Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate.他上學(xué)很少遲到。只把系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或表語放在主語之前。二、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法1、由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝情況例句說明疑問句中Haveyougotadictionary?你有一本字典嗎？WheredidhegolastMonday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Areyoulisteningtotheradio?你在聽廣播嗎？用完全或部分倒裝，但以疑問詞或疑問詞修飾的名詞作主語的疑問句要用正常語序。Whotoldyouthenews?誰告訴你那個(gè)消息的？Whichboybrokethisglass?哪個(gè)男孩子把這個(gè)玻璃打破了？“therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中Therearethreewellsinourvillage.我們村里有三口水井。Therestandsabigpapermakingfactorybytheriver.河邊有座大型造紙廠。在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副詞開頭的句子中Hereisaletterforyou.這兒有你一封信。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Nowcomesyourturntoplay.現(xiàn)在輪到你玩了。Awaywentthecrowdonebyone.人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。Look,therehecomes!看，他來了。Downshewent她卜來了。使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但如果主語是代詞則用正常語序。在以neithernor或nomore開頭的句子中Ican'tswim,nor(neither)canshe.我不會(huì)游泳，她也不會(huì)。Hehasn'tbeentothecountryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.他沒有去過農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。表示也不這樣，neither和nor意思相同，可以替換使用，nomore表示動(dòng)作的

情況例句說明Hedidnotturnup.Nomoredidhiswife.他沒有來，他妻子也沒有來。程度并不比前面提到的稍強(qiáng)。意為也不…。用在as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseme?盡管這些貴族很傲慢，他卻害怕見我。Youngasheis,heknowsalot.雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。從屬連句as用于特殊語序，含義與though,although相同，但“as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示非常強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照，必須用倒裝（表語提前）2、為了加強(qiáng)語氣而使用的倒裝。（使句子更加流暢，更加生動(dòng)）情況例句說明含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時(shí)Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebacalive.我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。NotuntilNewYear'sDayshallIgiveyouagift.我要到兀旦那天才能給你禮物。Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.不僅他所有的一切被沒收了，而且連他的德國公民權(quán)也被剝奪了。常用否定詞有：never,not,hardly,scarcelyseldom,little,notuntil,notonly???butalso,nosooner…七h(yuǎn)an,hardly(scarcely)???when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。副詞only放在句首時(shí)Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.只有在那時(shí)，他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.只有用這種方法，你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。OnlyMothercanunderstandme.只有母親最理解我。Onlythreeofusfailedintheexam.我們中只有三個(gè)人考試不及格。only起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其句型為“only+狀語+部分倒裝”。如置于句首的only修飾主語，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬語氣條件從句中Weretheyhere,theywouldhelpus.他們要是在這兒，他們會(huì)幫助我們的。HadIbeeninformedearlier.Icouldhavedonesomething.我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Shouldyoufail,takemorepainandtryagain.萬一你失敗了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。把從句中if省略將were，had或should放在主語的前面。情況例句說明直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)“Heisacleverboy"saidtheteacher.老師說：“他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。”“Go,Dick,go!"criedTom,“Gohomeangethelp”“走，狄克，走！”湯姆呼喊著，“快回家去求援”“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”heasked.他問“你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣？”“I'mleavingforHongkongnextmonth"Marytoldmeyesterday.瑪利告訴我“我下月要去香港”。主句主語和謂語次序顛倒，用完全倒裝。但如果主句主語為代詞時(shí)或謂語部分比主語長(zhǎng)，一般不用倒裝。表示祝愿的句子中Mayyousucceed!祝你成功。LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲！謂語動(dòng)詞或謂語的一部分放在主語的前面。副詞so在句首Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoaI.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。Theywilllearnchemistrynextterm,sowillI.他們下學(xué)期學(xué)化學(xué)，我也學(xué)。Icandriveacar,socanmyyoungerbrother.我會(huì)開汽車，我弟弟也會(huì)開車。表示前面所說的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或另一事物的肯定句中?！猅omwonthefirstprizefortheEnglishcompetition.—Sohedid.英語競(jìng)賽湯姆獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。確實(shí)如此。Itwascoldyesterday.Soitwas.昨天天氣冷。的確冷。如果后面的句子只是單純重復(fù)前句的意思，不表示也適用于另一人或事，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。在頻度狀語often,always,manyatime等開頭的句子中Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。ManyatimehasshehelpedmewithmyEnglish.她不止一次地幫助或?qū)W習(xí)央語。在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首Thusendedhislife.這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。介詞短語Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodalittle情況例句說明作狀語，放在句首girl.在房間中央站著一個(gè)小女孩。Inthedistancewasahorse.馬在遠(yuǎn)處。在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語的句子中SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.阿爾伯特?曼因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)人，一個(gè)純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。Suchislife.生活就是這樣。Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhacometotheisland.附近有兩只他們來這個(gè)島乘坐的獨(dú)木船。表語提前，不僅為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而且為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到平衡協(xié)調(diào)，或使上下文緊密銜接。d【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】I、選擇填空1、thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A．TheweathersofinewasB．SofinewastheweatherC．SotheweatherwasfineD．Sowasfineweather2、Underhisarmapairofshoeswhichhehadboughtfromtheshopafewdaysbefore.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were3、whohadarrestedhimthreetimesforcarryingdrugs.A．BeforeGeorgestoodthepolicemanB．BeforeGeorgethepolicemanstoodC．BeforethepolicemanstoodGeorgeD．BeforeGeorgedidthepoliceman4、Thenwehadbeenlookingforwardto.A．camethehourB．thehourcameC．comesthehourD．thehouriscoming5、Onlywhenhestartedtoexplainthereasonforthis.A．sherealizedB．didsherealizeC．shehadrealizedD．hadsherealized6、succeedindoinganything.A．OnlybyworkinghardwecanB．ByonlyworkinghardwecanC．OnlybyworkinghardcanweD．Onlywecanbyworkinghard7、Notforamomentthetruthofyourstory.A．hehasdoubtedB．hedoubtsC．didhedoubtD．hediddoubt8、NowhereelseintheworldcheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A．a(chǎn)touristcanfindB．canatouristfindC．a(chǎn)touristwillfindD．a(chǎn)touristhasfound9、Hardlywhenthebussuddenlypulledaway.

A．theyhadgottothebus-stopB．theygottothebus-stopC．didtheygettothebus-stopD．hadtheygottothebus-stop10、Marydoesn'tspeakFrench,anddoesJoan.A．theyhadgottothebus-stopB．theygottothebus-stopC．didtheygettothebus-stopD．hadtheygottothebus-stopA．notB．neitherC．eitherD．so11、一DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?—Idon'tknow,,A．nordon'tIcareB．nordoIcareC．Idon'tcareneitherD．Idon'tcarealso12、Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturwhatheatis.A．mandidknowB．manknewC．didn'tmanknowD．didmanknow13、Afterthatweneversawheragainnorfromher.A．didwehearB．weheardC．hadweheardD．wehaveheard14、Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest..A．Sohedid.B．Sodidhe.C．Sohedid,too.D．Sodidhe,too.15、,hedoesn'tstudywell.A．AsheiscleverB．HeisascleverC．CleverasheisD．Ascleverheis16、Youcanneverusemytaperecorder.timeshouldyoutouchthatmachine.A．AtnoB．AtanyC．AnyD．No17、Scarcelytheroomthephonerang.Ihadentered???whenC.hadIentered???when18、Onlysavehislife.A.canthedoctorC.willthedoctorB.HadIentered…?thenD.haveIentered???whenB.thedoctorcanD.couldthedoctorbecauseheisrude.A.doeslikeB.HadIentered…?thenD.haveIentered???whenB.thedoctorcanD.couldthedoctorbecauseheisrude.A.doeslikeB.likesC.dolikeD.like20、Sowellthattheteacherpraisedher.shehaddoneherhomeworkherhomeworkhadbeendonedidshedoherhomeworkshedidherhomework21、Onlywhentoknowhimwillyougetalongwithhim.A.doyoucomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.youwillcome22、Out,guninhand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hadherushed23、Hehadpromisedmetocometotheparty,and.A.sodidheB.sohedidC.sohewouldD.sowouldhe24、Intotheskythelightbluesmoke.

25、262728293031323334353637、A．wentupLittleA．didhetalkC．hewastalkingUndernocircumstancesA．willChinaBB．upwentC．didgoupabouthisownlifeatthemeeting.B．hetalkedD．hadhetalkedfirstusenuclearweapons.takenthatexamination,A．WeresheC．IfshewouldhaveA．wentupLittleA．didhetalkC．hewastalkingUndernocircumstancesA．willChinaBB．upwentC．didgoupabouthisownlifeatthemeeting.B．hetalkedD．hadhetalkedfirstusenuclearweapons.takenthatexamination,A．WeresheC．Ifshewouldhavetomorrow,D．hadgoneupChinawillC．doesChinaD．doChinashecouldhavepassedit.B．Hadshebeableto

D．HadshewewouldputoffthematchtillnextMonday.A．ShoulditrainedC．IfitwouldrainLook,here.A．Mr.BrowncomesC．comesMr.BrownOftenusgoodadvice.A．didshegiveC．shegaveNotuntilIbegantoworkA．didn'tIrealizeC．Ididn'trealizeB．WereittorainD．HaditrainedB．doesMr.BrowncomeD．Mr.BrownhascomeB．shedidgiveD．shehasgivenhowmuchtimeIhadwasted.B．didIrealizeD．IrealizeLittleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A．doeshecareB．didhecareC．hecaresD．hecaredbeganournewlesson.A．ButB．ThusC．SuchD．SothatBynomeanslookdownuponthepoor.A．weshouldB．weshouldnotC．doweD．shouldweC．doweOnlywhen30yearsoldOnlywhen30yearsoldA．washe,didhebeginC．washe,hebeganNotoncetheirplan.A．didtheychangeC．changedthey“It'sveryhottoday."'“_tolearnEnglish.B．hewas,hebeganD．hewas,didhebeginB．theychangedD．theydidchangedA．SoitisB．SoisitC．SodoesitDA．SoitisB．SoisitC．SodoesitD．Soitdoes38、does38、Afishneedswaterandwithoutwateritwilldie.A．SodoesamanB．SowillamanA．SodoesamanB．SowillamanC．SoitiswithamanD．SoisitwithamanC．SoitiswithamanD．Soisitwithaman39、Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse,A．satasmallboy39、Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse,A．satasmallboyC．issittingasmallboyinfrontofwhic