高級(jí)英語第一冊修辭匯總

Lesson1TheMiddleEasternBazaar.1.（Onomatopoeia）:istheformationofwordsinimitationothesoundsassociatedwiththethingconcerned.擬聲法它是指用詞語模擬客觀事物的聲音,以增強(qiáng)講話或文字的實(shí)際音感。1）Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear.2）thesqueakingandrumblingofthegrinding-wheelsandtheoccassionalgruntsandsighsofthecamels.creak,squeak,rumble,grunt,sigh,groan,etc.tinkling,banging,clashing2.Metaphor:istheuseofawordorphrasewhichdescribesonethingbystatinganothercomparablethingwithoutusing“as”or“l(fā)ike”.1)theheatandglareofabigopensquare2）inthemazeofvaultedstreetswhichhoneycombthebazaar.3）Littlemonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.4）Itisavast,sombrecavernofaroom,3.Alliteration:istheuseofseveralwordsincloseproximitybeginningwiththesameletterorletters.e.g.1)…threadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeople(Para.1)2)…makeapointofprotesting4.Hyperbole:istheuseofaformofwordstomakesthsoundbig,small,loudandsoonbysayingthatitislikesomethingevenbigger,smaller,louder,etc1）atinyrestaurant(Para.7)2）afloodofglisteninglinseedoil(Para.9)3）goodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold4）…astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightofinnumberablelampsandbraziers5)...takesyou...hundredseventhousandsofyears6)...withthedustofcenturies5．Antithesis:isthesetting,ofteninparallelstructure,ofcontrastingwordsorphrasesoppositeeachotherforemphasis.1)…atinyapprenticeblowsabigcharcoalfirewithahugeleatherbellows…2)…whichtowerstothevaultedceilinganddwarfsthecamelsandtheirstonewheels.6.Personification:afigureofspeechinwhichinanimateobjectsareendowedwithhumanqualitiesorarerepresentedaspossessinghumanform.1）…astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightof…(Para.5)2）wherecamelsliedisdainfullychewingtheirhay…3）afairylandofdancingflashes…(metaphorandpersonification)4)TheMiddleEasternbazaartakesyou...5）thebeamgroan...andprotestingLesson2Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan1.Metaphor:暗喻Afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.暗喻是一種修辭，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示二者之間的相似之處。1).Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymindthathadlittletodowithanythinginNipponrailwaysofficialmightsay.2).…Iwasagaincrushedbythethought…3).…Atlasttheintermezzocametoanendand…4).…whenthemeaningoftheselastwordssankin,joltingme…5)…asthefastesttrainintheworldslippedtoastop6)IthoughtthatHiroshimastillfelttheimpactHiroshima----peopleofHiroshima,especiallythosewhosufferedfromtheA-bomb2.Synecdoche:提喻Afigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforthewhole(ahandforsailor),thewholeforapart(asthelawforpoliceofficer),thespecificforthegeneral(ascutthroatforassassin),thegeneralforthespecific(asthiefforpickpocket),orthematerialforthethingfromwhichitismade(assteelforsword).舉隅法，提喻法：一種修辭方法，以局部代表整體（如用手代表水手），以整體代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表殺人者），以一般代表特殊（如用賊代表扒手），或用原材料代表用該材料制造的東西（如用鋼代表劍）1)TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers.littleoldJapan:traditionalJapanesehouses2)Therewerefreshbows,andthefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeated.3.Metonymy:換喻Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,asintheuseof“Washington”for“theUnitedStatesgovernment”orof“thesword”for“militarypower”.換喻，轉(zhuǎn)喻：一種一個(gè)詞或詞組被另一個(gè)與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用“華盛頓”代替“美政府”或用“劍”代替“軍事力量”1)theverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.thekimonoandtheminiskirt:theJapanesecultureandthewesternculture4.Irony：反語Theuseofwordstoexpresssomethingdifferentfromandoftenoppositetotheirliteralmeaningtoachievethehumorousandironiceffect.反語：用詞語表達(dá)與它們的字面意思相異或相反的用法,以達(dá)到幽默和諷刺的效果。congratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtme.Hiroshima—the“l(fā)iveliest”cityinJapan5.Climax:層進(jìn)法Aseriesofstatementsorideasinanascendingorderofrhetoricalforceorintensity.層進(jìn)法：在不斷增強(qiáng)的修辭力度或強(qiáng)度中使用的一系列陳述和方法1)Noonetalksaboutitanymore,andnoonewantsto,especiallythepeoplewhowerebornhereorwholivedthroughit.6.Anti-climax:漸降A(chǔ)nti-climax,asusedinthetext,statesone’sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensityfromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolight.Ithasachievedahumorousorsurprisedorevenasarcasticeffectwhenthemayorwasintroducinghiscitytothevisitors,whowereexpectinghisanswertohavesomethingtodowiththeatombomb,butwhoironicallyheard“oysters”intheend.漸降表述概念的方式是使意義強(qiáng)烈的語言按照步步降低的語氣順序排列，語勢由強(qiáng)而弱，語氣由重到輕，有此達(dá)到取笑、諷刺或是喜劇的效果。1).“seldomhasacitygainedsuchworldrenown,andIamproudandhappytowelcomeyoutoHiroshima,atownknownthroughouttheworldforits—oysters.7.Sarcasm諷刺isanexpressionorcuttingremarkclearlymeaningtheoppositetowhatisfelt.Hiroshima—the“l(fā)iveliest”CityinJapan(hyperbole)Ifyouwanttowritethiscity,donotforgettosaythatthiscityisthegayestcityinJapan,evenif…(hyperbole)8.Simile明喻isanexpressionmakingacomparisonintheimaginationbetweentwothingsusingthewordsasorlike1)Seriouslookingmenspoketooneanotherasiftheywereobliviousofthecrowdsaboutthem…9.Hyperbole:1)wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslaininonesecond,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagony.EachdaythatIescapedeath,eachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycares,Imakeanewlittlepaperbird,andaddittotheothers.10.Alliteration:Ifeltsick,andeversincethentheyhavebeentestingandtreatingme.11.Rhetoricalquestion:WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?Unit3ShipsintheDesert1.Personification1)Wherethereshouldhavebeengentleblue-greenwaveslappingagainstthesideoftheship,therewasnothingbuthotdrysand.2.Hyperbole1)thepopulationexplosion3.Metaphor1)anotherghostlyimage2)theseghostsinthesky4.Metonymytherelationshipbetweenthetwosuperpowers(Para.23)therearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquaremileoftheAmazonthanexistinallofNorthAmerica-whichmeanswearesilentlythousandsofsongswehaveeverheard.5.Metaphor1)Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky?6.Alliteration1)Acrebyacre,therainforestisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeefLesson4EverydayUseforyourgrandmama1.Ironic“Maggie’sbrainislikeanelephant’s”.Wangerosaid,laughing.2.Simile:1)“Mama,”Wangerosaidsweetasabird.“canIhavetheseoldquilts?”2)Hairisalloverhisheadafootlongandhangingfromhischinlikeakinkymuletail3)thewell-turnedphrase,thecuteshape,thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlye.4)Itislikeanextendedlivingroom5)Myskinislikeanuncookedbarleypancake.(simile)6)Shegaspedlikeabeehadstungher.(simile)3.Metaphor:1)AfterItrippedoverittwoorthreetimeshetoldme2)Youdidn’tevenhavetolookclosetoseewherehandspushingthedasherupanddowntomakebutterhadleftakindofsinkinthewood3)Haveyoueverseenalameanimal,perhapsdogrunoverbysomecarelesspersonrichenoughtoownacar,sidleuptosomeonewhoisignorantenoughtobekindofhim?4)…showingjustenoughofherthinbodyenvelopedinpinkskirtandredblouse…4.Rhetoricalquestion1）Apleasantsurprise,ofcourse:Whatwouldtheydoifparentandchildcameontheshowonlytocurseoutandinsulteachother?2)WhoeverknewJohnsonwithaquicktongue?3)Whocaneverimaginemelookingastrangewhitemanintheeye?4)Whydon’tyoudoadancearoundtheashes5)“Whydon’tyoutakeoneortwooftheothers?”Iasked.5.Exaggeration1)Ifeelmywholefacewarmingfromtheheatwavesitthrowsout.(exaggeration)2)AndshestopsandtriestodigawellinthesandwithhertoeLesson5SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.1.Periodicsentences:Periodicsentencesachieveforcefulnessbysuspense(懸念).Theessentialelementsinthesentencearewithhelduntiltheend.Asentenceinwhichthemainclauseoritspredicateiswithhelduntiltheend;圓周句（掉尾句）：主句或謂語在句末的句子，有兩種句型：一：修飾語（尤其是狀語）在句首的簡單句；二：從句在前主句在后的復(fù)合句。圓周句的安排把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一個(gè)詞時(shí)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)才完整。1)Thepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies,flashesaway.2)AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.(p.80)3)IfHitlerimaginesthathisattackonSovietRussia…h(huán)eiswoefullymistaken.4)WhenIawokenonthemorningofSunday,the22nd,thenews…invasionofRussia.2.Rhetoricalquestion(interrogation)Interrogationasksaquestionnotinordertoobtainananswer,butforthepurposeofmakinganassertioninastrikingandlivelyway.1)…butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?3.parallelstructure1)WewillneverparleyWewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang2)weshallfighthimbylandweshallfighthimbyseaweshallfighthimintheair.3)behindallthisglarebehindallthisstormIsee…4)IseetheRussiansoldiersstanding…Iseethemguarding…Iseethetenthousandvillages…Iseeadvancingupon…5)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.6)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.Letusredoubleourexertions…7)thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration8）Thepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies...9)wherethemeansofexistenceiswrungsohardlyfromthesoil,butwheretherearestillprimordialhumanjoys,wheremaidenslaughandchildrenplay.4.InversionAchangeinnormalwordorder,suchastheplacementofaverbbeforeitssubjecta)Fromthisnothingwillturnus—nothingP.805.RepetitionTherepeateduseofthesamesynonymouswords,toaddforce,clearnessorbalancetoasentence1)Wehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.2)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.3)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate…4）thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotector5）Fromthisnothingwillturnus–nothing.6）Thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration6.simileAfigureofspeechinwhichtwoessentiallyunlikethingsarecompared,ofteninaphraseintroducedbylikeoras,asin“Howlikethewinterhathmyabsencebeen”or“Soareyoutomythoughtsasfoodtolife”(Shakespeare).明喻：一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進(jìn)行比較，通常在由like或as引導(dǎo)的短語中，如“我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對(duì)我的思想就象食物對(duì)于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）ploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts7.metaphorAfigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.暗喻是一種修辭，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示二者之間的相似之處。1)IseetheRussiansoldiersstandingonthethresholdoftheirnativeland…thresholdreferstothethresholdoftheirnation.2)Behindallthisglare,behindallthisstorm,Iseethatsmallgroupof…(Glare:afierceorangrystare;Hereitreferstowarfire.Storm:strongwindandrain;HereitreferstowarorHitler’sassaultontheothercountries.3）launchthiscataractofhorrorsuponmankind4)…delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey(theRussiansoldiers).5)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes.6)WeareresolvedtodestroyHitlerandeveryvestigeoftheNaziregime.7)wehaveridtheearthofhisshadow(influence)andliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke(control).(8）thiswasnotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon.9)Butallthisfadesawaybeforethespectaclewhichisnowunfolding10)TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination8.alliterationTherepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsorofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables,asin頭韻：在一組詞的開頭或重讀音節(jié)中對(duì)相同輔音或不同元音的重復(fù)。如：“onscrollsofsilversnowysentences”(HartCrane)“寫滿銀色雪般句子的卷軸上”(哈特·克蘭)1))justasthecauseofanyRussianfightingforhishearthandhomeisthecauseoffreemenandfreepeoplesineveryquarteroftheglobe.2)Ialsoseethedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.3）Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.4）itsclanking,heelclicking(Onomatopoeia&alliteration)9.PersonificationAfigureofspeechinwhichinanimateobjectsorabstractionsareendowedwithhumanqualitiesorarerepresentedaspossessinghumanform1）IseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,stillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping,delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey.10.hyperboleAfigureofspeechinwhichexaggerationisusedforemphasisoreffect,asinIcouldsleepforayearorThisbookweighsaton.夸張法：一種比喻，使用夸張來強(qiáng)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重中1）IfHitlerinvadedHellIwouldmakeatleastafavourablereferencetotheDevilintheHouseofCommons.(Hitlerismuchevilerthanthedevil.)2)Iseethetenthousandvillages…11.Antithesis(兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相似但是意思相反的平行從句便是對(duì)偶句)1)AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.12.Assonance1)ploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.2)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.13.Litotes(doublenegative)(語輕意重法,間接肯定法)Anegativebeforeanotherwordtoindicateastrongaffirmativeintheoppositedirection.1)Ihadnottheslightestdoubtwhereourdutyandourpolicylay.14.allusion典故Churchill,herevertedtothistheme,andIaskedwhetherforhim,thearchanti-communist,thiswasnotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon.Lesson101.Metaphor:1）Noone,...thatmaycasewouldsnowballinto...2）...ourtown...hadtakenonacircusatmosphere.3）Thestreet...sproutedwith...4）Hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones.5）...championhadnotscorchedtheinfidels...6）…afterthepreliminarysparringoverlegalities…7）NowDarrowspranghistrumpcardb