大一學(xué)年復(fù)習(xí)13級英語試卷

華南期末考試試卷（A卷2010-2011學(xué)年第一學(xué)考試科目：大I《全新版大《交互大考試類型（閉卷 考試時(shí)間：120分學(xué) 年級專業(yè)—二三四五六視為。三、請將自己的、學(xué)號、班級寫在試題冊、答題卡和答題紙上的相應(yīng)位置。答題卡上的學(xué)號須用鉛筆從左到右填涂（學(xué)號從第3位數(shù)開始填涂，如：200930900201學(xué)號只需填涂效；題答案請寫在答題紙上。考其他問題的，由考生自己承擔(dān)。PartI [30minutes](15分 (30注意：此部分試題在答題紙上作Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionontheeGap.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowin1.2有些人認(rèn)為收入差距的存在是不合理的.3.收入差距對社會的影響PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)[15minutes]分，10題，每題1分Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D),andanswerthequestionsonAnswerTimeOfffromWorkGainsinAmericanworkersaresayingtheyneedabreak.Astheirnumberofhoursclockedonthejobhascrepthigher,moretimeoffhas eabiggerpriority.Inthepastfewyears,humanresourcesexpertssaytimeoffhasconsistentlyplacedamongthetopthreeemployeeconcerns,alongwithcompensationandstaffinglevels,whereasitusedtobefartherdownthelist.Ina polltakenonlineinNovember2004,39%ofworkerssaidifgiventhechoice,theywouldchoosetimeoffovertheequivalentinadditionalbasesalary.Ofcourse,mostofthe4,600respondentsarestilloptingforthebiggerpaycheck,butthedesirefortimeoffisupalmost20%fromjustthreeyearsagowhen conductedasimilarpoll.Thereasonsforthisshiftaremanyandvaried.Somehavetodowiththewayanewgenerationisthinkingaboutwork,whileothersaredrivenbyhowcompaniesarerespondingtorecenteconomicpressures.ANewTheresultsmayinpartrepresenttheneedsofanewbreedofworkers.TheaverageAmericanisworkingonemonth160hoursmoreeachyearthanagenerationagoAccordingtorecruitingandhumancapitalmanagementexpertJohnSumser,youngerworkersworkformeaningfirstandmoneysecond.Hegoesontowarnemployersthatthesearethepeoplewhoarethefoundationforthenextworkforceandtheymaynotbuytheexistingparadigm范例).Astudyreleasedinlate2004bytheNewYork-basedFamiliesandWorkInstituteconcludesthatthenewbrandofyoungworkersisrejectingthework-centricstyleoftheirparents’generation.Thestudywhichexamineschangesintheworkforceoverthepast25yearsfoundthatyoungerworkersaremorelikelytobe“family-centric”or“dual-centric”(withequalprioritiesonbothcareerandfamily)ratherthan“work-centric”whencomparedtomembersoftheBoomerGeneration.September11thandtheEndoftheRoaringTheimpactoftheterroristattacksofSeptember11thcutacrossallagegroupsoftheworkforce.Wecollectivelyenteredanewera,reevaluatinglife’sprioritiesandmakingatthingscompleydifferently.I’vebeenfarlesswillingtoputinthe14-hourdaysnecessarytogetnoticedandclimbthecorporateladder,”saidTonyJackson,a43-year-oldemployeeofaNewYorkCity-basedfinancialservicescompany.“Frankly,Ican’tseethatchanging.”EvenbeforeSeptember11th,someexpertssaytheslowshiftinworkerattitudeswasalreadyunderwayduetotheendoftheroaring1990’s,whenhourswerelongandsignificantalwealthwascreated.Forthosewhofaredwellfinancially,someoptedforcareersofcontractworkwheretheycouldcallmoreoftheshotspertainingto(與……有關(guān)的)timeoff,ornewoccupationswithgreater alrewards.Forothers,eveniftheirbankaccountswerenotspillingoverfromAmerica’seconomicheyday(全盛時(shí)期),theirownenergyhadbeendepletedduetounrelenting(毫不松懈的)yearsofworkhoursandhighstress.werereadyforsomethinglessFamiliesandWorkInstituteandco-founderEllenGalinskyagrees.Shesays pollnumbersshowevidenceofanincreaseinneedfortimeoffandashiftinthinkingduetothefactthatworkershavebeenpushedtotheirlimitinrecentyears.“Thisnewgenerationofworkersisattheedgeofhowlongtheycanwork.Itjustfeelsliketoomuch.Theyarenotslackers(懶蟲);theyjustdon’twantmore,”saysGalinsky.MonetaryNeedsLessIntenseDueto e“We’vedecidedweprefertohavemoretimetoourselves,”saysCarolKornhaber,aNewEnglandsoftwareprogrammerinherlatetwenties.Kornhaberandherhusbandarebothworkingbuthavesoughtoutjobswheretheyarenotpressedtoputinlonghours.Instead,theyhaveinsisteduponeight-hourdaysandhavingenoughvacationtimetotravel,amajorinteresttheyshare.Financialpressuresareeasedbybothofthemworkingandkeeacarefulwatchontheirexpenses.“Weareluckyinalotofwaystohavefoundbosseswhounderstandourneeds.”Tryingtosqueezemoreproductivityoutofworkersmaybenothingnew,butithaseparticularlyacuteinrecentyears.Thishasbeendueinlargemeasuretorecession-inducedlayoffsandothertrendssuchastherisingcostofhealthcarebenefits.Afteralayoff,workerswhoremainbehindareoftenaskedtopickupmostorevenalltheloadofthepeoplewhowereletgo,requiringmoreandmorehoursattheoffice.Asnewcorporateinitiativesareplanned,theinverseisalsotrue.AsSumserobserves,“theadditionalworkload,whichrunsacrosstheeconomyfromtheofficeworkertothemanufacturingline,seemstobeafunctionofthecostofbenefits.Theregulationsmakeitcheapertoaddworkloadforexistingemployeesthantohirenewplayers.”TheFamiliesandWorkInstitutereportsthatnearlyonethirdofU.S.employeesoftenorveryoftenfeeloverworkedoroverwhelmedbyhowworktheyhavetodo.Nearlythreeoutoffourreportthattheyfrequentlydreamaboutngsomethingdifferentfromtheircurrentjob.ShowMetheOverworkedornot,themajorityinthe pollstillchosetofattentheirpaycheckifgiventhechoice.Formany,itwasapracticalmatter.SaysPeggyJones,anaccountantinaBostonareabusinessservicescompany,“IalreadygetthreeweeksayearthatIcan’tuseupbecauseI’msobusy.I’ddefiniygofortheextramoneytopaysomebillsormakeabigpurchaseI’vebeenholdingoffon.”ForJones,therealitiesofrunningahouseholdandsavingupforcollegeforherchildrensimplyneedtotakeprecedenceoverextrafreetime.CompaniesAreAlreadyRespondingTomanyhumanresourcesexpertsitisinevitablethat,giventhegrowinghealthoftheeconomyandthe ingpopulation-drivenlaborshortagesastheBoomerGenerationmovesintoretirement,thependulumofcontrolintheemployee-employerrelationshipwillswingbacktotheemployeeside.Thatisexpectedtobegininjustafewyears.Accordingtohumanresourcesexpert,LarrySchumer,at ,“sincemostcompaniessucceedbasedonamotivatedandcapableworkforce,theyhaveofferedandwillcontinuetooffermorepaidflexibility,whetheritbethroughtriedandtestedtime-offprogramsorthenextgreatidea.”Wherewillthatnewbalanceofemployerversusemployeeneedslie?Time,orperhapstimeoff,surelywilll.WhichofthefollowinghasbeenrisinginimportanceinthepastfewCompensation.B)Timeoff.C)Righttovote.D)StaffingAccordingtothepassage,weknowthattheBoomerGenerationisconcerned aboutfamilyandworkequallyB)moreaboutC)moreaboutfamilyD)aboutneitherworknorWhatcanbeinferredaboutTonyHeis43yearsHeworksinafinancialservicesHehaschangedhislifeandworkHespends14hoursadayonhisWhendidAmericanworkersgraduallybegintochangetheirattitudestowardsAfterSeptember11.B)InNovemberC)Inlate2004.D)AttheendoftheroaringAccordingtoEllenGalinsky,whydidworkerschangetheirmindaboutTheyhavebeenpushedtothelimitoftheirworkingTheyincreasedtheirneedtoenjoyTheyhavemorerightsthanTheydon’twanttoworkforaCarolKornhaberandherhusbanddon’thavetoomuchfinancialpressure theyhaveparentswhoarerichB)theydon’thavechildrentoC)theybothhaveahighsalaryD)theybothhaveworkandtheyareAfteralayoff,theemployeeswhokeeptheirjobsusuallyhaveto findanotherjobincasetheyarefiredB)dowhattheirbosseslthemC)worklongerhourstoavoidbeingfiredD)dotheworkleftbythelaid-off ,comparedwiththreeyearsago,thedesirefortimeoffisup Accordingtothepoll ,themajorityofemployeespreferredto iftheyhadthefattentheirhaveextrafreechangeahavesometrainingintheirLarrySchumersaidthatmostcompaniessucceededbasedon thesystemofthebalanceofemployerversustime-offamotivatedandcapablePartIIIListeningComprehension(35分) (35minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. ThemanhatestolendhistoolstootherThemanhasn’tfinishedworkingonthebookThetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtotheThetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanare SavetimebyusingaBuyherownBorrowMartha’sStayhomeandcompleteher HehasbeentoSeattlemanyHehaschairedalotofHeholdsahighpositioninhisHehaslivedinSeattleformany TeacherandDoctorandManagerandofficeTravelagentand SheknowstheguywhowillgivetheShethinksthelecturemightbeShewantstoaddsomethingtoherShe’llfinishherreportthis AnartAbeautifulAcollegeAnarchitectural ThehousesforsaleareofpoorThehousesaretooexpensiveforthecoupletoThehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialThemanisunwillingtotakealookatthehousesfor TalkingaboutWritinguplocalReadingPuttingupQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust ItisThereisalotofItisahardItisaslow WaitingfortheotherStandinginfrontoftheTryingtohittheRunningtochange HerunsaftertheHechangesHethrowstheHetriestohitthe BothprefercrickettoBothpreferbaseballtoMarkdisagreeswiththeItisnotclearfromtheQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust BeforeLateLate She’simpressedwiththeticketShe’spleasedabouttheman’sShe’suncertainaboutthechangeinShe’sresignedtothe Bywriting alBypayinginBychargingthemto alByusingastorecreditSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust TheywerenicerandgentlerthanTheypaidmoreattentiontotheirTheywerewillingtospendmoremoneyonTheyweremoreawareofchangesin BydecoratingourBybeingkindandBywearingfashionableByputtingonalittle Theartofsaying“ThankThesecretofstayingTheimportanceofgoodThedifferencebetweeneleganceandgoodPassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust FromtheplacewheretheagreementwasFromthepeoplewhosignedtheFromthesignificanceittriedtofindintheinternationalfinanceNoneofthe TolowertheirexchangeToregulatetheirexchangeToraisetheirregulatedTomakenochangeoftheir SomedevelopedCountriesthatwantedtoborrowAllthememberTheWorldPassageQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust ThePrinceofThePrinceofThePrinceofThePrinceof TowatchtheTotakecareofhisbabyat ehisTostopthe OnGilbert’sOnGilbert’sOnGilbert’sOnGilbert’sjawsand Thebaby’scallingtothedogtoldthePrincethatiswasanunfaithfulEversinceherealizedwhathehaddone,theprinceneverrecoveredfromhisAtlasttheprincefoundhissonintheInfactthedogkilledawolfwhichhadeatentheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhaveheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Catsarecreaturesofhabit.Theyliketogotosleepaboutthesametimeeverydayandforacertain(36) oftime.Theyseemtohaveanaturalclockinsidethemthatlsthemwhentosleep.Cats(37) theirregularsleepwith(38) catnaps.Someexpertsfeelthathumanscouldalso(39) fromthishabit.Catnapshelptobuildupenergyinthebody.Theyarealsoagoodwayto(40) boredom.Sincecatshavemoods(41) tothoseofhumans,someexpertsbelievethatpeoplecanimprovetheirmoodsand(42) bycatnap!Peoplemight ehappierandmore(43) .Anumberoffamouspeoplehavecopiedcatsbytakingcatduringtheday. WinstonChurchilltookcatnaps.SodidHarryTruman,JohnF.Kennedyand .Napwastheir(46) (20分，102分)(20Direction:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageThereisanoldsaying:“Giveamanafish,andyouhavefedhimfortoday.Teachamantofish,andyouhavefedhimforalifetime.”However,today,thissayingmaynolongerbetrue.Thereasonisoverfishing.TheboatsintheMaricabanStraitofthePhilippinesdimtheirlightsandbringintheirnets.FishingwithlightsisillegalinthePhilippines,butthelawisoftenignored,asitisabetterwaytocatchfish.Fishare ingveryhardtocatchintheSouthChinaSea.Theboatstaketheirfishtomarket20minutesaway.There,youcanbuyfreshtuna,alongwithmanyotherkindsoffish.Themarket,whichopensat6:30eachmorning,usedtostayopenuntil10:00or11:00.Nowthefisharegoneby8:00.Manyofthefishareverysmall.Somearetypespeopledon’tenjoyeatingmuch.OnetraderhasgivenupfishandsellschickenItisclearthatoverfishingaffectspoorcountrieslikethePhilippines.Butitalsoaffectsrichcountries.Eventhoughrichcountrieshaveenoughmoneytohelpsolvetheproblem,thefisharedisappearingfromtheseareasaswell.AnareaofNewEnglandandCanadatheGrandBanksoncehadexcellentfishing.Inthe1960s,fishermencaught1.6milliontonsofcodthere.Thirtyyearslater,theyonlycaught22,000tons.CanadafinallyhadtoclosetheGrandBanks.40,000jobswerelost.Theeffectsofoverfishingarehiddenbystatistics.Somereportsshowthattheworld’ssupplyoffishisstillgrowing,eventhoughpeoplefishmore.Butthesereportsdonotreportonthetypeoffishthatareincreasinginsupply.Thiscanhidethefactthatsometypesoffisharedisappearing.Theproblemofoverfishingisspreading.Sinceanyonecanfish,manypeopledo.Aroundtheworld,thenumberoffishermenandfishfarmersisgrowing.Thetotalhasmorethandoubledinthepast25years.Butoverfishingisn’tthefaultofjustthefishermen.ernmentspaypeopletofish.AnewstudybytheWorldBanksaysthatthesepaymentsareworthabout$16billionayear.Openwatersandernmentpayleadtotoomanyfishermen.Canadianscientistsestimatethat53%oftheworld’sboatsarenotneeded.Nevertheless,somecountriesarestillgrowingtheirfishingindustry.TheEuropeanUnionisfishinginAfricabecausetherearetoomanyfishermeninEurope.MoroccoandNamibiatriedtoendEuropeanfishinginthe1990s,buttheywerenotsuccessful.WhenEuropesolditsextraboatsinSouthAmerica,theboatswereusedtooverfishinArgentina.Finally,thereisanothercauseofoverfishing:bettertechnology.Manypoorcountriesdonothavelargeboatsforfishing.However,therichcountriesbringtheirboatstothosecountries.Theseboatshavenewengines,salites,andcomputers.And,thetechnologyimprovesallthetime.Bettertechnologymakesiteasiertocatchmorefish.Unfortunay,thedaysofteachingpeopletofishmaybeover.Therearetoomanyfishermenandtoomanyfishbeingcaught.Newsolutionstothisproblemmustbefoundbeforetherearenomorefishtoeat.Accordingtothetext,theoldsayingmaynolongerbetruebecause amancannolongerliveforalifetimebyitmaynolongerbelegaltoteachamantomanmaynolongerlearntofishduetotheremaynolongerbeenoughfishtoeatduetoItcanbeinferredfromthetextthat inthePhilippinesmanyfishermenwerethrownintoprisonbecauseoffishingwithinthePhilippinesthefishmarketdepressedmanyinCanada ernmentspentmuchmoneyintheGrandinCanadamanyfishermenhavetakennewjobsItisimpliedinparagraph5thatoverfishing hasmadetheworld’ssupplyoffishdecreasemayleadtothedisappearanceofcertaintypesofcanhaveapositiveeffectofincreasingthefishhasencouragedpeopletofishmoreandOverfishingisspreadingbecauseofallofthefollowingEXCEPT misleadingstatisticalthegrowingnumberofernmentspayingpeopletobetterTheauthorconcludesthat ifwewanttohavefishtoeatinthefuture,theproblemofoverfishingmustbebecauseofvarietyofreasonsmentionedpreviously,fishermenwon’tcatchenoughfishinthefuturesurelyitishardforpeopletolearnfishinginthefuture,whichisreallya eventhoughoverfishingisstillaprobleminbothdeveloanddevelopedcountries,thisproblemhasalreadyattractedworldwideattentionPassageTedSchredddoesn’tlikecars.Hewantspeopletostopdrivingbecausecarsmaketheairdirty.Tedhadanidea.Hesaid,“I’mgoingtocyclearoundNorthAmerica,Iwanttoshoweveryonethatcyclingisafunwaytogetaround.Ifmorepeopleridebikes,theairwillbeHelefthishometownwith$160inhispocket.WhenhegottoSanDiego,hemetanothercyclist.ThecyclistinvitedTedtospeakatabigmeetingabouttheenvironment.Hesaid,“We’llpayyourairfaretoTexasandwe’llpayyoutotalkaboutyourcyclingtrip.”Twohourslater,Tedwasonaplanetotheenvironmentalconferenceandtoabigsurprise!Whilehewasattheconference,hemetDeanna.Itwasloveatfirstsight!Theytalkedforsixhoursstraight.Thenextday,TedcalledDeannaandaskedhertofinishthetripwithhim.Deannasaidyes,soldeverythinginherapartment,gavehernoticeatwork,andwasontheroadwithTed20dayslater!“Itwasdifficultatfirst,”saidDeanna.“Tedgotupeverymorningat6:00a.m.,butIwantedtosleepuntilnoon.”Afterafewdays,theystartedhavingfun.AstheycycledfromFloridatoMontrealandthenbacktoVancouver,everydaywasanadventure.Peoplepaidfortheirfoodinrestaurantsandgavethemextramoney.Somepeoplegavethem$50or$100.Theysleptinpeople’sbackyardsanddrankbeerwithmotorcyclegangs.OntheirwaybacktoVancouver,theystoppedinEdmontontovisitTed’srelatives.Duringthestopover,theygotmarried.Peopletieda“JustMarried”signandtincanstothebacksoftheirbikes.Theynowwanttowriteabookabouttheirtrip.“Wewantpeopletoknowthatyoucanbeanenvironmentalistandstillhavefun,”Schreddsaid.TedSchreddwentcycling helovedcyclingwasalotofhewantedtofindhimselfahesupportedenvironmentalTedgotpaidfor givingatalkabouthiscyclingcyclingthroughoutNorthtravelingaroundNorthAmericabyattendingconferencesonThe“bigsurprise”hehadattheconferencewas hemetanothercyclistwhowantedtojoinhefellinlovewithagirlhegavealongtalklasting6hehadalotoffuntalkingabouthiscyclingAccordingtothepassage, quitherjobtojoinTedonhissoldallherpossessionstopayf