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新概念二各課重點課文語法要點Lesson1簡樸陳述句的語序Lesson2一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時Lesson3現(xiàn)在完畢時;一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時;直接賓語與間接賓語Lesson4現(xiàn)在完畢時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(1);現(xiàn)在完畢時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別;同位語Lesson5帶way的一些短語;不定冠詞和定冠詞;現(xiàn)在完畢時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(2)Lesson6短語動詞;過去進(jìn)行時(1);a,the,some的用法Lesson7短語動詞中的小品詞;表達(dá)時間的介詞;過去進(jìn)行時(2)Lesson8形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級Lesson9被動語態(tài);引導(dǎo)時間狀語的介詞in,on,at,during,till,與until;否認(rèn)句的兩種形式:notany與noL(fēng)esson10現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài);雙重所有格Lesson11動詞+名次/代詞+帶to的不定式Lesson12一般將來時Lesson13將來進(jìn)行時Lesson14過去完畢時Lesson15直接引語和間接引語Lesson16條件句(1)Lesson17Must,haveto,與havegotto的用法Lesson18實義動詞have的用法Lesson19表達(dá)許可的can和mayLesson20介詞與動名詞Lesson21情態(tài)動詞在被動語態(tài)中的應(yīng)用Lesson22一些常見的動詞詞組Lesson23Thereis和itis的用法Lesson24無語法重點注反復(fù)習(xí)Lesson25并列句的語序Lesson26一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的動詞使用Lesson27表達(dá)過去習(xí)慣動作的usedto和一般過去時的特殊用法Lesson28現(xiàn)在完畢時與since;關(guān)系從句及關(guān)系代詞Lesson29現(xiàn)在完畢時與一般過去時的區(qū)別Lesson30定冠詞the的用法;some與any的區(qū)別Lesson31過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時;useto的用法Lesson32比較結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)法;Little和few的用法Lesson33用于表達(dá)目的和方向的介詞和副詞Lesson34被動語態(tài)用法補(bǔ)充Lesson35復(fù)習(xí),本課無新的語法點Lesson36Will和begoingtoL(fēng)esson37一般將來完畢時;將來完畢進(jìn)行時Lesson38過去完畢時與從屬連詞when,before,after,untilLesson39間接引語中的say,tell,ask;間接一般疑問句;間接疑問詞疑問句Lesson40條件句(2)Lesson41Must的用法;haveto的用法;need的用法Lesson42Have+名詞代替普通動詞Lesson43Can的用法;beableto的用法Lesson44動名詞與不定式;介詞by與with的用法Lesson45被動語態(tài)中的by詞組的使用Lesson46動詞與介詞to,at,for,with的搭配Lesson47-48無新重點內(nèi)容,加強(qiáng)復(fù)習(xí)Lesson49復(fù)合句的語序Lesson50動態(tài)動詞和表態(tài)動詞Lesson51一般過去時Lesson52現(xiàn)在完畢時和現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行時Lesson53一般過去時,現(xiàn)在完畢時與現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行時Lesson54A與someLesson55Usedto和wouldLesson56比較結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語;thesameas的比較結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson57用于描寫任務(wù)的介詞in和with;表達(dá)地點與位置的介詞與副詞in,at,offLesson58由get與過去分詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài);itissaidthat(yī)結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson59表達(dá)目的的幾種方式:to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthatLesson60現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事Lesson61Itisthefirsttimethat(yī)結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson62過去完畢時復(fù)習(xí);過去完畢進(jìn)行時Lesson63祈使句的間接引語Lesson64條件句(3)Lesson65表達(dá)“應(yīng)當(dāng)”與“必須”的情態(tài)助動詞must,haveto,should和oughttoLesson66使役動詞have的用法Lesson67Can,beableto,和manageto的比較Lesson68動詞與動名詞Lesson69被動語態(tài)中的動詞詞組;不定期的被動語態(tài);現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)Lesson70形容詞后的介詞Lesson71無新語法重點,復(fù)習(xí)已講內(nèi)容Lesson72情態(tài)動詞must用法復(fù)習(xí)新概念語法精粹GuidetoNewConceptEnglishGrammar(二冊初級班)第一章英語動詞時態(tài)(Tenses)英語時態(tài)是英語語法中的第一道難關(guān),攻下此難關(guān)是作文、閱讀、口語之關(guān)鍵。漢語用不同詞表達(dá)相應(yīng)時態(tài),而英語用同一詞的不同變化形式表達(dá)時態(tài)。英語各種時態(tài)構(gòu)成表:以play為例:一般時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)完畢時態(tài)完畢進(jìn)行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在playplaysisamplayingarehashaveplayedhashavebeenplaying過去playedwaswereplayinghadplayedhadbeenplaying將來shallwillplayshallwillbeplayingshallwillhaveplayedshallwillhavebeenplaying過去將來shouldwouldplayshouldwouldbeplayingshouldwouldhaveplayedshouldwouldhavebeenplaying一、一般現(xiàn)在時:1.構(gòu)成:使用動詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。(1)直接加“s”,works,takes(2)以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾,變“y”為“i”,再加“es”carry→carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”結(jié)尾的動詞加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2.功能:(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實、狀態(tài)或動作:eg:?.Birdsfly.?.Shelovesmusic.?.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表習(xí)慣性動作或職業(yè),常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等時間副詞連用。eg:?.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.?.Shewritestomeveryoften.?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客觀真理,格言警句或事實:?.Theearthmovesroundthesun.?.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.?.Twoandtwomakesfour.?.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣賢,熟能無過。(4)表將來:A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,what(yī)ever,wherever等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來發(fā)生的動作。(黃金重點,所有考試都不放過它!)例如:?.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.?.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不錯的句型,背下!!)?.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.準(zhǔn)時間表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的動作或事件,用一般現(xiàn)在時表達(dá)將來時概念。?.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.?.Whendoestheplanetakeoff??.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.?.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照時刻表,開往上海的特快列車早上7點出發(fā)。)測試精編1.TheBrowns____(dá)____anicecarandBrown'sbrother_____(dá)___(dá)anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse___(dá)____(dá)_notlikeours,what__(dá)__(dá)___(dá)_itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3.-________(dá)youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4.Thelittlechild_____(dá)___notevenknowthatthemoon__(dá)_____(dá)_aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent____(dá)____fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom___(dá)____(dá)_tothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞1.表達(dá)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。如?.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea??.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight(體重增長)。?.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2.表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動作。?.Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本學(xué)期)。?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)時表達(dá)即將開始的動作。?.Look!Thebusiscoming.看!車來了!?.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4.與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用,表達(dá)說話人帶有感情色彩:贊賞或厭惡。?.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他總是想著別人。)?.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。)?.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老師一直在批評她遲到。)5.下面表達(dá)狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進(jìn)行時。(此條戒律請背10遍!!!)believe(相信),doubt(懷疑),see(看見),hear(聽見),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(屬于),think(認(rèn)為),consider(認(rèn)為),feel(覺得),look(看起來),seem(看上去),show(顯示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(聽起來),taste(嘗起來),require(規(guī)定),possess(擁有),care(關(guān)心),like(喜歡),hate(討厭),love(愛慕),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)【簡樸記憶】:●永遠(yuǎn)不要說I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再簡樸一點說,這些動詞后面不要隨意加-ing.●可怕的是:我們在寫作及口語中常犯此類大錯!●注意:haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)行時,由于這里have意為“舉行”;think意為“考慮”。測試精編:1.Howcanyou____(dá)____Ifyouarenot__(dá)______?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe_____(dá)___herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(職位)________intheoffice.(此題超前)A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist__(dá)_____(dá)_todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill三.一般過去時。定義動詞的過去式:1.表達(dá)過去某個特定期間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.?.Chinawasfoundedin1949.2.在表達(dá)時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。(參)?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.?.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.?.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3.一般過去時,現(xiàn)在時和過去時的幾組差異:(別認(rèn)為這很簡樸,下面的差異你不一定明白。)●Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)●Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)●That(yī)'sallIhadtosay.(話已說完)●That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未盡)●Itwassonicetoseeyou.(離別時用)●Itissonicetoseeyou.(見面時用)●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是當(dāng)天下午或晚上)●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句現(xiàn)在完畢時,此乃后話?。轀y試精編I:(用所給動詞的對的進(jìn)態(tài)填空)。1.YesterdayI_____(dá)___(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He___(dá)__(dá)__(dá)_(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe_____(dá)___(have)notime.測試精編II:1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey___(dá)__(dá)__(dá)_ofhungerandcold.(without在這里表條件,你知道嗎?)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves4.Whenallthosepresent(到場者)____(dá)__(dá)__hebeganhislecture.(重點題)A.sitB.setC.seat(yī)edD.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI__(dá)______not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad四.過去進(jìn)行時:were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞。1.表達(dá)過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作。?.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.?.WhenIarrived,theywerewat(yī)chingTV.?.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2.用于條件狀語從句中表達(dá)過去將來進(jìn)行的動作。?.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.?.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.3.過去某時將發(fā)生的事??蓞⒖肌?(4)?.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.?.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.測試精編:1.Mybrother________(dá)whilehe______(dá)__hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding2.He____(dá)____h(yuǎn)islegashe___(dá)_____inafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe____(dá)____(dá)today.A.wascorningB.ingC.willcomeD.comes4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe___(dá)_____(dá)inthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked五.現(xiàn)在完畢時:have/has+過去分詞1.表達(dá)過去所發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表時間的副詞搭配使用?!馠ehasn'tseenherlately.●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.2.表達(dá)一個從過去某個時間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并也許連續(xù)下去的動作,常與表達(dá)一段時間的時間狀語連用。如:sofar(迄今為止),uptillnow(直到現(xiàn)在),since,foralongtime(很長時間),uptopresent(直到現(xiàn)在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在過去的幾年里),thesedays(目前)……?.Hehasworkedherefor15years.?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.?.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.3.某些非延續(xù)性動詞(即:動作開始便終止的動詞),在現(xiàn)在完畢時中不能與表達(dá)一段時間狀語搭配。黃金要點:I.常見的非延續(xù)動詞:die,arrive(到達(dá)),join(加入),leave(離開),go,refuse(拒絕),fail(失?。琭inish,buy,marry,divorce(離婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...(背三遍!)II.這類動詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完畢時,而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。III.但若是用在否認(rèn)句中,非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完畢時可以與表達(dá)一段時間的狀語連用?!馭hehasgoneawayforamonth.(誤●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(誤)●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?(誤)●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)4.注意since的用法:?.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.?.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.5.幾組對比:HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過上海。Shehasgone.她已走了。Sheisgone.她缺席了。(or她死了。)Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關(guān)上了。(動作)Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))測試精編:1.Theprices___(dá)_____(dá)goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there____(dá)__(dá)__noraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they__(dá)__(dá)____anywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer____(dá)____awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound六.現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行時:have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞1.表達(dá)從過去某時開始發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且也許延續(xù)下去的動作。(最佳將此定義讀5遍)?.I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshehasn'tcome.?.Hehasbeenrunningafterherfor8years.(runafter:追求)2.表某種感情色彩。?.I'vebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.?.Who'sbeentellingyousuchnonsense.釋惑要點:現(xiàn)在完畢時與現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行時的對比:現(xiàn)在完畢時強(qiáng)調(diào)“結(jié)果”,而完畢進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)“動作的延續(xù)”。?.Ihavethoughtofit.(我已想到了這一點。)?.Ihavebeenthinkingofit.(我一直在想這一點。)?.Jimhaspaintedthedoor.(杰姆已將門油漆過了。)?.Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.(杰姆一直在油漆門。)測試精編:1.They__(dá)______ussincefiveo'clockthismorning.A.arehelpingB.havebeenhelpingC.havebeenhelpedD.havehelped2.I________thebookthewholeday,yetIhaven'tfinishedit.A.havebeenreadingB.havereadC.a(chǎn)mreadingD.hadbeenreading3.Pleasecomein.We___(dá)__(dá)___aboutyourpaper.A.talkB.hadbeentalkingC.havebeentalkingD.wouldhavetalked4.Suchnaturalresourcesascoalandpetroleum____(dá)____.A.graduallyareexhaustedB.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedC.havegraduallyexhaustingD.havebeenexhaustinggradually5.It______(dá)__almosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining用所給動詞對的時態(tài)填空。1.Youshouldgotobed.You___(dá)___(dá)__(watch)TVfor5hours.2.I______(dá)__(write)letterssincebreakfast.3.I___(dá)_____(write)3letterssincebreakfast.4.Sorry,butMr.Smith_____(dá)___(leave)forBeijing.5.I______(dá)__(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?七.過去完畢時:had+過去分詞1.表達(dá)過去某個動作或某個具體時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完畢的動作。“過去的過去”?!馮heyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.●TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.2.過去完畢時常用于hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than等固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)中。(此乃超級重點句型,意為:“一……就”)●Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.●Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystat(yī)ionthanhemetherparents.(注意nosooner在句首時句型倒裝。)3.intend(打算),mean(意味),hope(希望),want(想要),plan(計劃)等動詞的過去完畢時用來表達(dá)本打算做而沒有做的事。●Iendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.(……原想昨天去看你……)●Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtocancelitbecausethebadweather.(……原計劃上周舉行一場足球賽……)測試精編:1.-Let'shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.-Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe________.A.alreadymisshimB.hadalreadymissedhimC.willmisshimalreadyD.havealreadymissedhim2.YourlettercamejustasI__(dá)___(dá)__(dá)_myoffice.A.wasleavingB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.left3.I_____(dá)___mykeys,Ican'trememberwhereIlastsawthem.A.waslosingB.lostC.hadlostD.havelost4.Nobodyknewwheretheteacher___(dá)_____.A.hasgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldbegone5.Thesportsmen____(dá)__(dá)__trainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.A.havebeenB.areC.hadbeenD.were八.一般將來時:shall/will+動詞原形1.表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?!瘢萫willgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.●Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.2.將來時的其它結(jié)構(gòu):(務(wù)必背下!)I.begoingtodosomething.打算做某事。(美國口語中常讀作begonna)●I'mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.[begoingto與will的對比:下列情況須用will]●I'llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.●Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.●Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.I.be+todosth.表達(dá)計劃安排做某事或用來征求意見?!馎mItotakeoverhiswork?●Wearetomeetatthegat(yī)e.III.beabouttodosth.即將做某事。●Thetalkisabouttobegin.3.重點補(bǔ)充:beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.著手做某事setaboutdoingsth.開始做某事測試精編:1.-"Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o'clock."-"But_____(dá)___adelay."A.itwillbeB.there'dbeC.therewillbeD.thereis2.He'llleaveforParisbeforeyou___(dá)_____nextweek.A.willcomebackB.willbebackC.comebackD.cameback3.Ournextmeeting_____(dá)___on1stDecember.A.hasbeenheldB.willholdC.istobeheldD.isholding4.Where__(dá)______awill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthereC.thereisD.therehasbeen5.It__(dá)____(dá)__(dá)beWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.isto九.過去將來時:should/would+動詞原形1.表達(dá)從過去某個時刻看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。●Hesaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.2.此用法常用于間接引語中。測試精編:1.Ontelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleader_______(dá)_onSaturday.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.wouldbearrivedD.wouldarrive2.Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenwe_____(dá)___(dá)ready.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.a(chǎn)re3.Myaunt________toseeus,shewouldbeheresoon.A.iscorningB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcame4.Theywouldbegivenanewhouseifmore____(dá)___(dá)_thenextyear.A.willbebuiltB.wouldbebuiltC.arebuiltD.werebuilt十.過去完畢進(jìn)行時:hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)過去某個時間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。●ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.比較:?.Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy.?.Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.測試精編:1.It____(dá)____forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained2.Hetoldusthathe___(dá)___(dá)__theresince1982.A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.wouldhavelivedD.wasliving3.HehadbeenlearningEnglishfor3yearsbeforehecamehereand________now.A.isstilllearningB.hadbeenlearningC.wasstilllearningD.hasbeenlearning4.Bytheendoflastweek,he_______(dá)_inthecompanyfor10years.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.willhaveworkedD.wouldhaveworked5.Notuntilthendidpeopleknowthathe______(dá)__importantmilitaryinformationtotheenemyforalongtime.A.soldB.wouldsellC.hadsoldD.hadbeenselling十一.將來進(jìn)行時:shall/willbe+現(xiàn)在分詞1.表達(dá)將來某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作:?.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?〖比較:〗?.Tomwon'tcutthegrassbecauseheisafraidofbeingtired.(說明意圖)?.Tomwon'tbecuttingthegrass.(無意圖、僅陳述事實)2.用將來進(jìn)行時詢問別人的計劃、打算比用一般將來時更顯禮貌。?.Willyoubehavingsupperwithusthisevening?3.將來進(jìn)行時表達(dá)對即將發(fā)生的動作的推測。?.ShewillbearrivingatShanghaitomorrowmorning.?.Thecarwillbegoingatthespeedof100milesanhour.十二.過去將來進(jìn)行時:should/wouldbe+現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)從過去某時看將來某時正在進(jìn)行的動作。?.HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingwhenhecamethenextday.測試精編:1.Tomorrow,I__(dá)______thebookallmorning.A.amreadingB.willbereadingC.willreadD.haveread2.-"Canyouattendthemeetingtonight?"-"No,_____(dá)___themanageraboutsomethingurgent."A.IseeB.I'llhaveseenC.I'llbeseeingD.Icansee3.OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeople___(dá)_____(dá)longenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?A.willtheyliveB.theywillbelivingC.willliveD.living4.Hetoldusthathe_____(dá)__(dá)_visitingJapanbythistimenextyear.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.is5.It____(dá)____whenyouwakeuptomorrowmorning.A.issnowingB.willsnowC.willbesnowingD.snows十三.將來完畢時:shall/willhave+過去分詞表達(dá)將來某時之前已經(jīng)完畢的動作。?.Theywillhavebeenherefor5yearsnextFriday.?.Bytheendofnextterm,thestudentswillhavefinishedthebook.十四.過去將來完畢時:would/shouldhave+過去分詞表達(dá)從過去某個時間看將來某時之前已經(jīng)完畢的動作。Hesaidthattheywouldhavearrivedbyseveno'clock.十五.將來完畢進(jìn)行時:shall/willhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)某一動作將繼續(xù)到將來某時,且該動作此時尚未發(fā)生。?.WeshallhavebeenstayinghereforfourweekswhenTomarrives.?.Itwillhavebeenrainingforaweekifitdoesnotstoptomorrow.[注:此句型過于復(fù)雜,人們很少運用,了解而已。]單項自測題(綜合訓(xùn)練)1.Simplephotographiclensescan't______(dá)__sharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toformB.areformedC.formingD.form2.Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheone___(dá)_____themost.A.itinfluencesfarmersB.thatinfluencesfarmersC.farmersthatitinfluencesD.whyfarmersinfluenceit3.Bytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhich___(dá)__(dá)___.A.isastormmovingB.astormismovingC.ismovingastormD.amovingstorm4.Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,______(dá)__outofemergencyheadquartersinMississippi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operatesB.isoperatingC.hasoperatedD.operating5.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeen__(dá)___(dá)___.A.theleaststudiedB.studytheleastC.studylessandlessD.tostudytheless6.Duringaneclipseofthesun,_____(dá)___intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarth7.Thephotoperiodicresponseofalgaeactuallydependsonthedurationofdarkness,___(dá)___(dá)__.A.thelightisnotonB.andnotonlightC.butisnotonthelightD.isnotonlight8.Thewallflower________becauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstrongcliffsforsupport.A.socalledisB.soiscalledC.issocalledD.calledisso9.Becauseofitsimportanceinmodernliving,_____(dá)___inallpartsoftheworld.A.a(chǎn)lgebraisstudiedinschoolsandcollegesB.studyingalgebrainschoolsandcollegesC.andthestudyofalgebrainschoolsandcollegesD.inschoolsandcollegesarealgebrastudies10.Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatsocialtension_______(dá)_.A.elementsfromgrouplivingB.elementsofanormalgrouplifeC.livingareagroupofelementsD.arenormalelementsofgrouplife第二章名詞(Nouns)(一)名詞變復(fù)數(shù):1.規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:在單數(shù)名詞后加“s”day→daysweek→weeks2.在以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加“es”。hero→heroesbox→boxesclass→classesbush→busheswatch→watches3.黃金重點:I.有些以o結(jié)尾的外來詞或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加“s”。II.以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的單詞只加“s”。(不結(jié)識的單詞,請你查詞典,懶惰是學(xué)英語的唯一大忌。)piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano教你一招☆假如以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞有生命力,則該詞匯一般加-es。hero,tomato,potat(yī)o,Negro(黑人)[簡記:黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯。]4.以輔音加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加“es”family→familiescity→cities5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”key→keysboy→boysplay→playstoy→toys6.以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f/fe為v加es。calf→calvesknife→knives?當(dāng)心當(dāng)心:I.下列名詞直接加“s”。(請大聲朗讀三遍,然后背下。注意讀音!)roof(房頂),reef(暗礁),chief(首領(lǐng)),cliff(懸崖),grief(悲痛),turf(草皮),belief(信仰),gulf(港灣),dwarf(侏儒),safe(保險箱),sheriff(長官),tariff(關(guān)稅)II.scarf(頭巾),wharf(碼頭),staff(全體職工),handkerchief(手帕)和hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可變f為v加es.(二)不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:1.foot→feetmouse→micegoose→geesechild→childrenox→oxenlouse→licewoman→womenman→men2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works,barracks(兵營)bellows(風(fēng)箱)kennels(狗窩)3.一些英語外來詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:crisis→crises危機(jī)analysis→analyses分析oasis→oases綠洲parenthesis→parentheses括號axis→axes軸心ellipsis→ellipses日蝕hypothesis→hypotheses假定synopsis→synopses內(nèi)容提綱erratum→errata勘誤誤表addendum→addenda補(bǔ)遺、附錄medium→media媒體(以上單詞熟悉即可)(三).復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:1.中間沒有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù):bookshelf→bookshelveshandful→handfuls2.man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,兩者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。manservant→menservantswomanteacher→womenteachers3.中間有連字符的合成次,在主體詞(中心意義的詞)末尾變復(fù)數(shù):sister-in-law→sisters-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-oneditor-in-chief→editors-in-chief4.下列合成名詞在后一個詞上變化:sit-in→sit-ins,grown-up→grown-upsstand-by→stand-bystouch-me-not→touch-me-notsgo-between→go-betweens(四).名詞所有格1.在大多數(shù)名詞末加“'s”theboy'stoy,men'swork2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加“'”thestudents'readingroom3.以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞加“'”Dickens'novelstheactress'performance4.合成名詞在最后一個詞上加“s”herbrother-in-law'spiano.Somebodyelse'sbooks.(重要!)【金牌重點】:除用于有生命的人外,“'s”格還可用于度量衡、地區(qū)、天體及一些習(xí)語中:anhour'sdrive,amile'sjourneytenpounds'weight.Beijing'sweat(yī)hertheearth'ssurfaceastone'sthrow投石之距離atone'switsend智窮計盡toone'sheart'scontent盡情地byahair'sbreadth千鈞一發(fā)atasnail'space緩慢地5.雙重所有格:假如被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞修飾。則要采用雙重所有格。afriendofmine(名詞性物主代詞)achildofhersthelovepoemsofyoursister's注意區(qū)別:●aportraitofhermother她母親的畫像(畫中人)●aportraitofhermother's她母親擁有的畫像中的一幅(不一定是她母親的畫像)測試精編:1.Juliewenttothe__(dá)__(dá)___(dá)_tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe'sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes'store2.Asasafetyprecaution,allcitycabdriverscarryonlyenoughmoneytomakechangefora__(dá)__(dá)____bill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollar's3.Recently,hehaslostallhis__(dá)______(dá)at(yī)cards.A.wageandsavingB.wagesandsavingC.wageandsavingsD.wagesandsavings4.Iwant____(dá)____.A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollar'sworthC.adollar'sworthofcandyD.adollarworth'scandy5.Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinusually____(dá)__(dá)__aneffectonhisdevelopment.A.haveB.hadC.doD.has第三章形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級Comparat(yī)ivedegree&Superlativedegree:比較級構(gòu)成方式:A.adj/adv+er/estpoor→poorer→poorestfast→faster→fastestB.詞尾e+r/stlarge→larger→largestfine→finer→finestC.重讀閉音節(jié)中短元音+輔音詞尾→雙寫輔音詞尾+er/est.big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestD.輔音+y→i+er/estdry→drier→driestangry→angrier→angriestE.多音節(jié)形容詞及副詞:more+adj/advmost+adj/advF.不規(guī)則變化:good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastlate→lat(yī)er→/latestlate→latter→lastfar→farther→farthestfar→further→furthest【用法示例】比較級用于兩者相比較,由than構(gòu)成比較狀語從句:(1)?.HelooksstrongerthanI(do).?.TheclimateofShanghaiishotterthanthat(yī)ofBeijing.?.MySchoolbagislargerthanhers.?.Thebookismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.筆記要點:兩個相比較的主語必須相相應(yīng)。(2)?.Itisgettingcolderandcolder.?.Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.筆記要點:兩個形容詞比較級由and連在一起,表達(dá)“越來越……”(3)?.Theolderwegrow,thepoorerourmemorywillbe.?.Theearlierwestart,thesoonerwe'llgetthere.筆記要點:這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)“越……越……”(4)?.Ipreferthecheaperoneofthetwobooks.?.Ofthetwobrothers,heisthecleverer.筆記要點:兩者之比較。而Ofthethreegirls,sheisthecleverest.最高級構(gòu)成方式:三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較,“the+形容詞/副詞est”。(1)Johnisthetallestofthethree.Herunsfastestinourclass.(副詞

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