牛津譯林七年級語法總結(jié)知識講解

7A語法總結(jié)般現(xiàn)在時第一，動詞be的三變化amisare.我（I）用am，你（you）用are,is用于他（he）她（she）它（it）,單數(shù)名詞用is,復數(shù)名詞都用are句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1、肯定何：主語 are…Itisafootball.2、否定何：主語 are+not…Itisnotafootball.3、一般疑問句：Am\Is\Are+主語+其他？Isitafootball?回答Yes,itis.No,itisn’t4、特殊疑問句：疑問句 +am/is/are+主語+其他？What’syourname?用be動詞的適當形式填空1、She mycousin.Hername LiJie.2、TomandI goodfriends3、What _thisinEnglish？It abook4、youJack?Yes,I 5、What those?They hisnotebooks第二，行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時行為動詞的一一般現(xiàn)在時行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成：主語+行為動詞 +（其他）當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it）時，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。用好一般現(xiàn)在時，時間狀態(tài)需牢記 ;主語人稱是三單，動詞要把 -s/-es添；基本用法要記清，狀態(tài)習慣經(jīng)常性。行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的變化.否定句：主語+dont/doesn動詞原形+其他Idon’tlikebread.Hedoesn’toftenplayfootball..一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語 +動詞原形 +其他Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Iam/No,IamnotDoesheoftenplayfootball?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn3、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句 +一般疑問句？Whendoyougotoschool?Igotoschoolatseveno’clock.動詞的三單形式的變化：動詞三單現(xiàn)在時，一般在詞尾加SS,x,ch,sh在詞尾，直接加上-es詞尾若是字母 o,加上-es不用愁。詞尾是“輔音字母 +y”先變, y為i,后邊再加-es鞏固練習：用動詞的適當形式填空1.Ilike (swim)..He (read) Englisheveryday..We (go)to schoolatseveninthemorning..Mike (go)to schoolatseveninthemorning..Mymother (like) (go)shopping..Ican (draw)manybeautifulpictures..She (make)amodelplane..Doyou (like) (run)?.Doeshe (like) (jump)?.DoesNancy(grow)flowersonSaturday?.Theteachers(like)(dance)..Theteacher(like)(dance)..Thestudents(speak)Englishinclass..Thestudent(speak)Chineseafterclass..Let'sandplayfootball.(go)二、人稱代詞人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudents.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象。Giveittome.Let'sgo(let's=letus)人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit三、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復數(shù)k稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞minpyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我你的他的她它的我們的你們的他（她、它）的的們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her萬ts/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當于形容詞性物主代詞 +名詞，故其后不必加名詞。如：Isthisyourbook?No,,itisn,'it'shers(herbook)Thispenismine.鞏固練習：ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit.(she)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.isintheeastofAsia.(its)Whatdayistoday?—isThursday.(its)WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof.(we)Iownabluebike.Theredoneisn '_tl)Thesenewhousesaresonice.areveryexpensive.(them)Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didn 't?(them)LingLingisagirl.studiesinaprimaryschool.brotherliveswithandhelpswithlessons.(she)Mikeismyclassmate.isgoodatEnglish.(his)Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto?(she)What'stheweatherliketoday?iscloudy.(its)Iateallsandwichesyesterday.(I)CanIhaveoneof?(you)Georgehaslost(his)pen.AskMaryif超否)shewilllendhim.(she)JackhasadogandsohaveI.(he)dogand(I)hadafightT架).Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof(he)四，介詞in一股在上午”下午“晚上”，還有時間段，年、月、季節(jié)；On指特定的某一天，日期，星期和具體的節(jié)日At用在時刻前，還有正午，午夜和表示一段時間的節(jié)日鞏固練習：ChildrengetgiftsChristmasandtheirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on----Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?—No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.upAlotofstudentsinourschoolwerebornMarch,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.sinceHesuddenlyreturned arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.duringMygrandfatherwasborn Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.ofThetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.stillMikedoeshisexercises seven theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;onChildrenwakeupveryearly themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For.Ithappenedtobeverycold themorningofoursportsmeeting.A.atB.onC.withD.ofWhydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.inHewenttoShanghai___September3rd,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;inLucywasborn thenightofMay12,1984 A.onB.inC.atD.toMrs.BrowncametoChina 1996A.onB.ofC.to,D.in___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourningofJoeHill.A.OnB.InC.OnD.At五、頻度副詞從頻率最大到頻率最小依次為：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never.對頻率副詞提問要用howoften鞏固練習：-DoesAliceoftenworkuntil2a.m.?-No,she does.A.nearly B.certainly C.seldom D.always-Ididn'tknowyoutakeabustoschool.-Oh,I takeabus,butitissnowingtoday.A.hardly B.never C.sometimesD.usually-Wereyouoftenlateforschoollastterm,Tom?-No, .Igottoschoolearlyeveryday.A.AlwaysB.Usually C.SometimesD.Never-Howoftendoyougotoaconcert?- ever.I’mnotinterestedinthatatall.A.Usually B.Hardly C.Almost-Johnsingssowell.Hasheeverbeentrained?-No.Helearnsallbyhimself.He goestoanytrainingclass.A.usually B.often C.never D.even-MissGaoisverypopularwithherstudents.-Yes.Herclassesare livelyandinteresting.A.seldom B.never C.sometimes D.alwaysWearegoingtohaveapartynextweek.A.sometime B.sometime C.sometimes D.sometimesSandyissocarefulthatshemakesmistakesinherhomework.A.usually B.seldom C.often D.AlwaysPleasedrivewhenyoupassaschool.一OK.A.nearlyB.earlyC.slowlyD.really—HaveyoueverbeentoDisneyland?—No,.IhopeIcangotherenextyear.A.alwaysB.sometimesC.neverD.oftenHowoftendothestudentsplaysports?A.TwiceadayB.SincelastnightC.FortwohoursD.AmonthagoIplaybasketballeverydaybecauseIwanttoplayasasYaoMing.A.wellB.betterC.bestMikehurthisbackseriouslyandcangetoutofbedwithouthelp.A.quicklyB.easilyC.nearlyD.hardly—Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?—No,Igotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.Only—Howoftendoyouexercise?——ever.BecauseIamverybusywithmywork.A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlwaysD.Almost六、特殊疑問句語法：特殊疑問句定義：特殊疑問句是用來對句子的某一部分提問的疑問句，以疑問詞開頭結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞特殊疑問詞分類：疑問代詞有：what（什么），which（哪一個），who（誰），whose（誰的）疑問副詞有：where（哪里），when（什么時候），why（為什么），how（怎么樣）疑問詞還可以與某些單詞搭配，構(gòu)成疑問詞短語，如：whattime（什么時間）,whatcolour（什么顏色）,howmany（多少）,howmuch（多少，多少錢）how10ng（多長），howoften（多久一次），how01d（幾歲），howtall（多高）鞏固練習：Theyboughtanewbikeyesterday.Sheismyteacher.Itismycoat.Igetupatsix.IamfromHubei.IwenttoschoollatebecauseIgotuplate.TheyboyunderthetreeisJack.TheyellowcatisSammy?Therearesixboxesonthedesk?Itiswindy.Therearesixboxesonthedesk?Mybagisred.ThebookisLiHua'.sTheyarefiveyuan.八，冠詞的用法定冠詞a,an的用法元音因素前用“an”anhour一個小時 ausefulbook一本有用的書鞏固練習：Ireadstory.Itisinterestingstory.A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,anBritainis__EuropeancountryandChinaisAsiancountry.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,ahinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,alephantisbiggerthanhorse.A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,theWealwayshavericeforlunch.A./,/B.the,/ C./,a D.the,theIttookmehourandhalftofinishwork.A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC.an,a,theD.an,a,/octortoldmetotakemedicinethreetimesday,stayinbed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/Thereispictureonwall.Ilikepictureverymuch.A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,a,aD.a,an,theJanuaryisfirstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.theShutdoor,please.A.aB.anC.theD./EinsteinwonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.A.a B.anC.theD./Whatfinedayitistoday!Let'sgototheSummerPalace.A.a B.anC.theD./Ilikemusic,butIdon'tlikemusicofthatTVplay.A.a B.anC.theD./girloverthereisEnglishteacher.A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,aIt'sexcitingwaytoshopontheNet.A.a B.anC.theD./七，不定代詞的運用Some用于肯定句any用于一般疑問句和否定句鞏固練習：用some和any填空.Ihave goodfriendsinmyclass.Isthere waterinthebottle?Doyouhave money?Theydon’thave timetogothere.Thereare cakesonthetable.don’thave milkforbreakfast.Doeshehave brothersorsisters?Therearen’t picturesonthewall.CanIask questions?Arethere flowersinyouclassroom?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zNo,therearen’t .Wehave apples,butwdeon’thave pears.Isthere orangejuiceinthefridge?Yes,thereis Icanspeak English,butcIan’tspeak Russian.Dotheyhave colorpencil?No,theydon’thave .Thereisn’t meatathome.Imustgoandbuy .Thereis+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) /不可數(shù)名詞Thereare+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式鞏固練習：There anyriceinthebowl.A.areB.IsC.isn D’.atren’tThere manyapplesonthetreelastyear.A.havebeenB.wereC.areD.isThere afilmtomorrowevening.A.willhaveB.haveC.isgoingtobeD.hasThereissomemilkinthebottle, ?A.isn’tthereB.aren’tthereC.isn’titD.aretherehowmanyboys thereintheClassOne?A.beB.isC.areD.amThere alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThere pencil-box,andsomeflowersonthedesk.A.isaB.aresomeC.hasaD.havesomeThere anappleandtenbananasinthebasket.A.areB.isC.hasD.have anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?A.IsthereB.ArethereC.HasD.HaveThereislittlewaterntheglass, ?A.isn’ttherBe.isn’titC.isitD.isthereWhatdidyouseeinthebasketthen?There abottleoforangeandsomeoranges.A.isB.areC.wasD.were isthereonthetable?A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadsD.Howmanyfood.There somethingwrongwithourclassroom.A.areB.hasC.isD.haveThereissomeonthetable.A.appleB.orangeC.cakeD.sandwichThereislittlewaterintheglass,?A.isn'tthereB.isnC.isititD.isthere八、現(xiàn)在進行時.定義：現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。.標志詞：（1）時間狀語now、atthemoment（2）句前有提示詞look、listen、lookat3.謂語動詞的構(gòu)成：be+動詞-ing4.動詞-ing的構(gòu)成規(guī)則規(guī)貝u原形-ing形式一M在動詞原形末尾加-ingwashcatchwatchwashingcatchingwatching以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加-ingmaketakeridemakingtakingriding以重讀閉音節(jié)（輔元輔）結(jié)尾的動詞，雙寫末尾軸日,冉加-ingsitputgetsittingputtinggetting以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，先把ie變成y再加-inglietiedielyingtyingdying注意：see-seeingdraw-drawinglisten-listening現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣現(xiàn)在分詞很好記，動詞后綴-ing0直接加、去e加、雙寫加。還有一點要注意ie要用y來替?，F(xiàn)在進行時用法口訣主語在前be在后，現(xiàn)在分詞跟著走，其他成分不可丟。變一般很簡單，把be提到句子前，否定句也不難，be后要把not添還有一點要注意，動作提問doing替。鞏固練習：.